betadex and catechol

Green tea catechins are potent antioxidant for prevention of various free radical-related diseases. Their antioxidant properties can be improved by encapsulation in cyclodextrins (CDs). Four inclusion complexes of β-CD with (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis combined with full geometry optimization by DFT/B3LYP calculation and the DPPH assay, aiming to deepen the understanding on their structure-antioxidant activity relationship. Scrutinizing the inclusion structures and conformational changes of the four encapsulated epicatechins reveals the common host-guest stabilization scheme and the epicatechin conformational flexibility facilitating the enhancement of activity. Thermodynamic stability order derived from DFT calculation in vacuum fairly agrees with the order of improved antioxidant capacity deduced from the DPPH assay, β-CD-EGCG>β-CD-ECG>β-CD-EGC≈β-CD-EC.

Topics: Antioxidants; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biphenyl Compounds; Catechols; Crystallography, X-Ray; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Picrates; Quantum Theory; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tea; Thermodynamics

A copolymer containing β-cyclodextrin, catechol and polyethylene glycol groups in its side chain was designed for the in situ synthesis and coating of gold nanoparticles (Au@PEG-CD NPs). These platforms were designed as a smart carrier and traceable delivery probe of the chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin drug (Dox). The coated polymer forms stable complexes with Dox in water with a high binding constant (K=2.3×10(4) M(-1) at 25°C), which is one hundred times greater than those reported for its complexation with native βCD. Therefore, Au@PEG-CD NPs were able to load 0.01 mg of the drug per mg of NP and to release up to 60% of it in 48 h at 37°C. In addition, Au@PEG-CD NPs had the capacity to act as a quencher of Dox fluorescence when it was complexed with βCD in the NP organic shell. This feature allows the Dox release to be tracked by monitoring the recovery of its fluorescence in real time. Therefore, the Dox release kinetics and the influence of temperature on the thermal stability of Dox/CD complexes on Au@PEG-CD NP were investigated. The increase in temperature favors the dissociation of the complexes and subsequent Dox release from the NP. The first order rate constant for drug releasing was 1.1×10(-2) min(-1) with a half-life time of 63 min at 37°C. Finally, the great potential of the carrier/probe double nature of Au@PEG-CD NPs was demonstrated in real time inside HeLa cells.

Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; beta-Cyclodextrins; Catechols; Cell Survival; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Fluorescence; Gold; Half-Life; HeLa Cells; Humans; Kinetics; Metal Nanoparticles; Polyethylene Glycols; Temperature

The oxidation reactions of catechol, dopamine and epinephrine have been studied in the absence and presence of N-methylaniline by UV-Vis. Spectrophotometry. A variety of reaction pathways (inter and intramolecular reactions) that followed by this oxidation have been observed depending on the nature of catechol derivatives. The observed homogeneous rate constants of the reactions were estimated by fitting the absorption time profiles for each reaction. The effect of β-cyclodextrin and its inclusion complex has also been studied on the chosen reactions. The formation constants of the complexes of catechol, dopamine and epinephrine with β-cyclodextrin as well as the rate constants of the reactions of free and complexed forms have been obtained by fitting the absorption-time spectra to a proposed kinetic-equilibrium model.

Topics: Aniline Compounds; beta-Cyclodextrins; Catecholamines; Catechols; Oxidation-Reduction

An electrochemical sensor based on β-cyclodextrin-cobalt ferrite nanocomposite was developed for the sensitive detection of catechol (CT). To construct the base of the sensor, a novel composite was initially fabricated and used as the substrate material by combining cobalt ferrite nanocomposite and β-cyclodextrin via a simple sonication-induced assembly. Due to the high catechol-loading capacity on the electrode surface and the upstanding electric conductivity of cobalt ferrite nanocomposite, the electrochemical response of the fabricated sensor was greatly enhanced and displayed excellent analytical performance for catechol detection from 1 to 200 μM with a low detection limit of 0.12 μM (S/N=3). Moreover, the developed electrochemical sensor exhibited good selectivity and acceptable reproducibility and could be used for the detection of catechol in water samples.

Topics: beta-Cyclodextrins; Catechols; Electrochemistry; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanocomposites

In this work, a new alternative for the electrochemical determination of catecholamines based on beta-cyclodextrin-Sonogel-Carbon electrodes is reported. The incorporation of beta-CD and graphite in the preparation of the Sonogel-Carbon material leads to a modification of the electrode surface properties which causes a significant increase in the oxidation peak current of biomolecules such as dopamine, L-epinephrine, D,L-norepinephrine and catechol. This phenomenon might be attributed to the formation of an inclusion complex between beta-CD and the catecholamines. The amount of beta-CD necessary to form the Sonogel electrode was studied and optimization of electrochemical parameters, perm selectivity and mechanical stability of the sensor are discussed. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were employed to characterize the electrical parameters and the structural properties of the new electrode surface, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry (AdDPV) measurements were also used to explore the electrochemical behaviour of the electrode versus the quoted catecholamines. The beta-CD-Sonogel-Carbon electrode offers fast and linear responses towards dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and catechol, with good and low detection limits: 0.164, 0.294, 0.699 and 0.059 micromol L(-1), respectively.

Topics: beta-Cyclodextrins; Carbon; Catecholamines; Catechols; Dopamine; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Oxidation-Reduction

Catechol 1,2-dioxygenases are iron containing enzymes able to convert catechol into cis,cis-muconate, a precursor of the industrially important compound adipic acid. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Acinetobacter radioresistens S13 was immobilized on beta-cyclodextrins cross-linked with carbonate groups (nanosponges) with a yield of 29 mg of enzyme per gram of support. This support was chosen for its low cost and its ability to offer different types of interactions with the enzyme. The activity profiles at different pH and temperatures showed a shift of the optimal pH from 8.5, for the free protein, to 9.5, for the immobilized protein and, similarly, a shift in optimal temperature from 30 degrees C to 50 degrees C. The Michaelis-Menten constant, KM, increased from 2.0 +/- 0.3 microM, for the free form, to 16.6 +/- 4.8 microM for the immobilized enzyme, whereas the rate constant, k(cat), values were found to be 32 +/- 2 s(-1) and 27 +/- 3 s(-1) for the free and immobilized forms respectively. The immobilization process also increased the thermostability of the enzyme with 60% residual activity after 90 min at 40 degrees C for the immobilized protein versus 20% for the free enzyme. A residual activity of 75% was found after 15 min at 60 degrees C for the immobilized enzyme while the free form showed a total loss of activity under the same conditions. The activity toward other substrates, such as 3- and 4-methylcatechol and 4-chlorocatechol, was retained by the immobilized enzyme. A small scale bioreactor was constructed and was able to convert catechol into cis,cis-muconic acid with high efficiency for 70 days.

Topics: Acinetobacter; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biocatalysis; Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase; Catechols; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Nanostructures; Sorbic Acid; Substrate Specificity; Temperature

Naphthalene particles in a water slurry have been bioremediated in a sealed, roller bioreactor using a pure strain of Pseudomonas putida. High stripping losses of particles due to both splashing and aeration made the use of the traditional CSTR bioreactor unsuitable for bioremediation of naphthalene particles. The overall dissolution mass transfer coefficient of naphthalene particles in the roller bioreactor was low, 0.055 h(-1) at 50 RPM. The dissolution mass transfer rate was the limiting step for bioremediation. Although mass transfer was identified as the rate limiting step, the addition of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (a solubility enhancer) failed to improve naphthalene slurry bioremediation. In order to successfully bioremediate naphthalene particles at concentrations over 300 mg/L, intermittent aeration was applied in the sealed roller bioreactor on a daily basis. By operating in sequential batch mode with intermittent aeration, the roller bioreactor was successfully used to continuously bioremediate naphthalene particles at concentrations up to 1000 mg/L and at rates up to 10 mg/Lh.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Animals; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioreactors; Catechols; Cyclodextrins; Kinetics; Naphthalenes; Oxygen; Propylene Glycol; Pseudomonas; Solubility; Water; Water Purification

The interaction between beta-cyclodextrin and five mono- and disubstituted benzenes in water was investigated by means of molecular dynamics. The trajectories were calculated for each system, imposing a 1:1 host-guest stoichiometry with 512 water molecules. Periodic boundary conditions were adopted. The results account for the formation of stable adducts and the predicted geometry agrees with experimental circular dichroism data.

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Benzene; beta-Cyclodextrins; Catechols; Computer Simulation; Cyclodextrins; Models, Molecular; Nitrophenols; Phenol