beta-carotene and diplopterol

Four bacterial strains (JC165(T), JC166(T), JC169 and JC170) were isolated from salt pan soils from a coastal region of Tamilnadu, India. They were obligately aerobic, pink- to red-pigmented, mesophilic, haloalkaliphiles having chemoorganoheterotrophic growth on various carbon sources and were catalase- and oxidase-positive. Phototrophic growth and bacteriochlorophyll a were absent in all four strains. Major carotenoids present were β-carotene and rhodoxanthin. The main fatty acid in all strains was iso-C(15:0). The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) as well as a few unidentified lipids. Bacterial hopane derivatives and diplopterol (DPL) were detected in all four strains. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, all four strains belong to the family Cyclobacteriaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strains JC165(T) and JC169 had a sequence similarity of 97.2% with Mongoliicoccus roseus MIM28(T), while strains JC166(T) and JC170 had a sequence similarity of 99.5% with Litoribacter ruber YIM CH208(T). Strains JC165(T)/JC169 and JC166(T)/JC170 had genomic DNA reassociation values (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) of 21 ± 2% and 23 ± 1% with M. roseus KCTC 19808(T) ( = MIM28(T)) and L. ruber KCTC 22899(T) ( = YIM CH208(T)), respectively, suggesting that they represented novel species. The reassociation values of >85% between strains JC165(T) and JC169, and JC166(T) and JC170 suggested they were strains of the same species. The genomic information was supported by phenotypic observations leading to the proposal of two novel species, Mongoliicoccus alkaliphilus sp. nov. (type strain, JC165(T) = KCTC 32210(T) =LMG 27255(T)) and Litoribacter alkaliphilus sp. nov. (type strain, JC166(T) = KCTC 32217(T) =LMG 27256(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidetes; Base Composition; beta Carotene; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Soil Microbiology; Triterpenes; Xanthophylls

Strain JC164(T) was isolated from a water sample from a rice field at Jamdih, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India. Colonies of strain JC164(T) were brown-yellow and cells were Gram-stain-negative. Catalase, oxidase and amylase were present. iso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), iso-C15 1 G, iso-C(15:0) 3-OH and iso-C(14:0) were the predominant fatty acids with minor amounts of iso-C(16:0) 3-OH, anteiso-C(15:0), C(16:0), iso-C(16:1) H, iso-C(14:0) 3-OH and iso-C(13:0). Strain JC164(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine and a few unidentified lipids (L1, L3 and L6) as major polar lipids. Bacteriohopane derivative 1 (BHD1) and diplopterol (DPL) were the major hopanoids. β-Carotene was one among the several spirilloxanthin series carotenoids present in strain JC164(T). Genomic DNA G+C content was 39.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain JC164(T) represents a member of the genus Flavobacterium (family Flavobacteriaceae, class Flavobacteriia). The most closely related taxa to strain JC164(T) were Flavobacterium sasangense YC6274(T) (98.5%), Flavobacterium cucumis R2A45-3(T) (98.1%), Flavobacterium cheniae NJ-26(T) (97.2%) and the novel strain possessed <95.1% sequence similarity with other members of the genus Flavobacterium. However, strain JC164(T) showed 12.5 ± 2, 13.6 ± 1 and 17.4 ± 2% genomic DNA association (based on DNA-DNA hybridization) with Flavobacterium sasangense KCTC 22246(T), Flavobacterium cucumis DSM 18830(T) and Flavobacterium cheniae CGMCC 1.6844(T), respectively. The distinct genomic difference and morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC164(T) as a representative of a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC164(T) ( = KCTC 32196(T) = CGMCC 1.12398=LMG 27251(T)).

Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; beta Carotene; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Flavobacterium; India; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oryza; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Triterpenes; Water Microbiology