barium has been researched along with isoproterenol in 137 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 81 (59.12) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 34 (24.82) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 19 (13.87) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3 (2.19) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Ohmura, I | 1 |
| Ferreira, SH; Nakamura, M | 1 |
| Kasuya, Y; Kondo, N; Takayanagi, I | 1 |
| Minatoya, H; Spilker, B | 1 |
| Török, J; Töröková, R | 1 |
| Aurbach, GD; Gardner, JD; Jow, N; Kiino, DR | 1 |
| Shigenobu, K; Sperelakis, N | 1 |
| Uchida, E | 1 |
| Takano, S | 2 |
| Bousquet, WF; Miya, TS; Porter, MC | 1 |
| Kushiku, K; Morishita, H; Nakagami, K; Nakahara, T; Ono, N | 1 |
| Pappano, AJ | 2 |
| Alvarez, JL; Vassort, G | 1 |
| Backx, PH; Marban, E; O'Rourke, B | 1 |
| Duan, J; Moffat, MP | 1 |
| Abe, K; Igarashi, Y; Kondo, Y; Kudo, K; Tada, K; Yoshinaga, K | 1 |
| Nargeot, J; Richard, S; Tiaho, F | 1 |
| Garcia, M; Kaczorowski, G; Matsuda, J; McCann, JD; Welsh, MJ | 1 |
| McCann, JD; Welsh, MJ | 1 |
| McCormick, DA; Pape, HC | 1 |
| Charnet, P; Gurney, AM; Nargeot, J; Ouadid, H; Richard, S; Tiaho, F | 1 |
| Komai, H; Redon, D; Rusy, BF | 1 |
| Bois, P; Lenfant, J | 1 |
| Singh, BN; Takanaka, C | 1 |
| Mongo, KG; Vassort, G | 1 |
| Chang, HM; Cheng, YY; Fong, SM | 1 |
| Goto, M; Tsujisaki, E | 1 |
| Bean, BP | 1 |
| Carriot, T; Doble, A; Dubroeucq, MC; Guérémy, C; Le Fur, G; Mestre, M; Néliat, G; Renault, C; Uzan, A | 1 |
| Maggi, CA; Manzini, S; Martucci, E; Meli, A; Parlani, M | 1 |
| Ishii, K; Taira, N; Yanagisawa, T | 1 |
| Dangman, KH; Miura, DS | 1 |
| Hartzell, HC; Simmons, MA | 1 |
| Dangman, KH | 1 |
| Glitsch, HG; Krahn, T; Pusch, H; Suleymanian, M | 1 |
| Matsumoto, K; Pappano, AJ | 1 |
| Basset, G; Bouchonnet, F; Crone, C; Saumon, G | 1 |
| Neto, FR; Sperelakis, N | 1 |
| MacVicar, BA; Tse, FW | 1 |
| Fedida, D; Noble, D; Spindler, AJ | 1 |
| Inoue, D; Pappano, AJ; Tsuji, Y | 1 |
| Baba, K; Honda, Y; Ito, H; Ito, M; Tomita, T | 1 |
| Berrino, L; De Santis, D; Filippelli, W; Galdiero, F; Marmo, E; Matera, C; Rossi, F; Tufano, MA | 1 |
| Ishida, H; Suzuki, Y | 1 |
| Berman, MR; Hunter, WC; Peterson, JN; Yue, DT | 1 |
| Hammerbeck, DM; Peterson, AM; Reiter, MJ; Schmid, JR; Stelzer, VL; Swingle, KF; Wade, JJ | 1 |
| Fozzard, HA; Terris, S; Wasserstrom, JA | 1 |
| Rosati, G; Schiantarelli, P; Tirone, P | 1 |
| Hotta, Y; Tsukui, R | 1 |
| Daniel, EE; Polacek, I | 1 |
| Andersson, R; Lundholm, L; Mohme-Lundholm, E; Nilsson, K | 1 |
| Wellens, D | 1 |
| Bruni, A; Contessa, AR; Fassina, G; Ferrari, M; Luciani, S; Santi, R; Tóth, CE | 1 |
| Schild, HO | 2 |
| Papp, G; Szekeres, L; Szmolenszky, T | 1 |
| Ferrini, R | 1 |
| Rosenblum, WI | 1 |
| Deshpande, VR; Jadhav, JH | 1 |
| Arrigoni, E; Benzi, G; Bermudez, E | 1 |
| Arrigoni, E; Benzi, G; Bermudez, E; Berte, F | 1 |
| Hattori, K; Shibata, S; Timmerman, D | 1 |
| Day, MD; Dixon, HV | 1 |
| Taniyama, K | 2 |
| Daly, MJ | 1 |
| Kaniyashiki, E | 1 |
| Mori, T | 1 |
| Lee, W | 1 |
| Blyth, DI | 1 |
| Maeda, T | 1 |
| Otsu, E; Uchida, E | 1 |
| McArdle, B; Schott, GD | 1 |
| Kuchii, M; Kurahashi, K; Shibata, S | 1 |
| Nishioka, M | 1 |
| Das, PK; Gambhir, SS | 1 |
| Benoist, JM; Lechat, P; Lemeignan, M | 1 |
| Davis, JR; Langford, GA | 2 |
| Christensen, J | 1 |
| Hadházy, P; Illés, P; Kecskeméti, V; Vizi, ES | 1 |
| Ishizaki, M; Suzuki, M; Yanaura, S | 1 |
| Miyake, T | 1 |
| Ehara, T; Mitsuiye, T | 1 |
| Horn, JP; McAfee, DA | 1 |
| Surprenant, A | 1 |
| Cade, JF; Clegg, EA; Moulds, RF; Pain, MC; Rubinfeld, AR; Santamaria, JD | 1 |
| Borchard, U; Clemm, S; Hirth, C | 1 |
| Earm, YE; Shimoni, Y; Spindler, AJ | 1 |
| Ehara, T; Inazawa, M | 1 |
| Katoh, H; Kimura, I; Kimura, M | 1 |
| Kaspar, SP; Pelzer, DJ | 1 |
| Berlin, JR; Ishizuka, N | 1 |
| Cleemann, L; Lacinova, L; Morad, M | 1 |
| Fang, SM; Li, ZM; Zhang, XM; Zheng, RX | 1 |
| Ohtsuyama, M; Sato, F; Sato, K | 1 |
| Arentzen, CE; Backer, CL; Koumi, S; Sato, R | 1 |
| Bönisch, H; Brüss, M; Streich, S | 1 |
| Lakhlani, PP; Limbird, LE; Lovinger, DM | 1 |
| Nerbonne, JM; Tiaho, F | 1 |
| Gusev, GP; Sherstobitov, AO | 1 |
| Ito, H; Kurachi, Y; Tada, Y; Tsuchimochi, H | 1 |
| Huerta, M; Trujillo, X; Vásquez, C | 1 |
| Huang, Y; Kwok, KH | 1 |
| Vornanen, M | 1 |
| Sako, H; Sperelakis, N; Yatani, A | 1 |
| Inomata, H; Mimata, T; Wakui, M | 1 |
| Boev, KK; Fusi, F; Petkov, GV; Sgaragli, GP; Valoti, M | 1 |
| Hume, JR; Keef, KD; Zhong, J | 2 |
| Bates, SE; Gurney, AM | 1 |
| Noma, A; Satoh, H; Shinagawa, Y | 1 |
| Coussin, F; Macrez, N; Mironneau, J; Morel, JL; Viard, P | 1 |
| Coyne, MD; Gwathmey, JK; Kim, CS | 1 |
| Barrère-Lemaire, S; Leclercq, F; Nargeot, J; Piot, C; Richard, S | 1 |
| Graf, EM; Harding, SE; Herzig, S; Heubach, JF; Jäger, A; Molenaar, P; Ravens, U; Schröder, F | 1 |
| Collett, A; Olver, RE; Ramminger, SJ; Wilson, SM | 1 |
| Daut, J; Liu, GX | 1 |
| Findlay, I | 1 |
| Hirano, K; Kanaide, H; Nishimura, J; Yamanaka, J | 1 |
| Boyden, PA; Dun, W; Rosen, MR; Yagi, T | 1 |
| Duhault, J; Félétou, M; Harley, EA; Quignard, JF; Vanhoutte, PM | 1 |
| ARITOMI, T | 1 |
| ADRIANI, J; MULLEN, J | 1 |
| DIMASCOLO, R; MASINI, V | 1 |
| Cha, TJ; Chartier, D; Ehrlich, JR; Hébert, TE; Nattel, S; Villeneuve, L; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Baldelli, P; Carabelli, V; Carbone, E; Cavallari, D; Giancippoli, A; Novara, M | 1 |
| Cheng, Q; Ross, RS; Walsh, KB | 1 |
| Hirst, GD; Ito, Y; Teramoto, N; Zhu, HL | 1 |
| Dong, MQ; Gao, Z; Lau, CP; Li, GR; Tseng, GN | 1 |
| Andreasen, M; Nedergaard, S; Skov, J | 1 |
| Kolaj, M; Renaud, LP; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Bakke, I; Espevik, T; Gustafsson, BI; Kidd, M; Modlin, IM; Pfragner, R; Rokstad, AM; Svejda, B | 1 |
| Catterall, WA; Fu, Y; Scheuer, T; Westenbroek, RE | 1 |
| Fernández-Morales, JC; Morad, M | 1 |
1 review(s) available for barium and isoproterenol
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[THERAPY OF THE MORGAGNI-ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME].
Topics: Adams-Stokes Syndrome; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Amyl Nitrite; Atropine; Barium; Caffeine; Chlorothiazide; Digitalis Glycosides; Electrocardiography; Ephedrine; Epinephrine; Geriatrics; Heart Block; Heart Massage; Humans; Isoproterenol; Lactates; Magnesium Sulfate; Methamphetamine; Procainamide; Purines; Quinidine; Thyroxine | 1964 |
136 other study(ies) available for barium and isoproterenol
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Action mechanisms of the contracting drugs, K, acetylcholine, histamine and Ba and of the antispasmodics, isoproterenol and papaverine in the isolated guinea pig ileum, particularly in relation to Ca].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Dinitrophenols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Papaverine; Parasympatholytics; Potassium | 1976 |
II - Prostaglandin hyperalgesia: the peripheral analgesic activity of morphine, enkephalins and opioid antagonists.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Barium; Bucladesine; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Hyperesthesia; Ionophores; Isoproterenol; Lidocaine; Morphine; Nalorphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Pentazocine; Prostaglandins E; Rats | 1979 |
Effects of smooth muscle stimulants on 1-isoprenaline-beta-adrenoceptor interaction in taenia from guinea pig caecum.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Binding Sites; Cecum; Cyclic AMP; Depression, Chemical; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle, Smooth; Potassium; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 1979 |
The role of bronchoconstrictors in evaluating smooth muscle relaxant activity.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Barium; Bronchi; Carbachol; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle, Smooth; Seasons; Serotonin; Temperature; Trachea | 1975 |
[Effect of some vasoactive substances on autoregulatory reaction in the vascular network of the small intestine (author's transl)].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Dogs; Female; Homeostasis; Intestine, Small; Isoproterenol; Male; Norepinephrine; Vascular Resistance | 1977 |
Effects of extracellular cations and ouabain on catecholamine-stimulated sodium and potassium fluxes in turkey erythrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Biological Transport; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium; Cesium; Erythrocytes; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Lithium; Magnesium; Ouabain; Potassium; Rubidium; Sodium; Turkeys | 1975 |
Valinomycin shortening of action potential of embryonic chick hearts.
Topics: Action Potentials; Age Factors; Animals; Barium; Chick Embryo; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Myocardium; Potassium; Strontium; Temperature; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Valinomycin | 1975 |
Contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and calcium, strontium, barium.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Blood Vessels; Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Dogs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Isotonic Solutions; Jugular Veins; Lanthanum; Muscle Contraction; Norepinephrine; Papaverine; Portal Vein; Potassium; Rats; Strontium; Verapamil | 1975 |
Medium calcium and the contraction of the dog spleen strip induced by noradrenaline, acetylcholine, isoproterenol, and barium.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Dogs; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Norepinephrine; Spleen | 1975 |
Cadmium and vascular reactivity in the rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Atropine; Barium; Blood Pressure; Cadmium; Epinephrine; Female; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine; Propranolol; Rats; Temperature; Tyramine; Vasomotor System | 1975 |
[Effect of a new bronchodilator, S-1540 (Bitolterol) and S-1541 on the tracheo-bronchial and cardiovascular system].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Blood Pressure; Bronchi; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiovascular System; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanolamines; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Histamine; Isoproterenol; Male; Metaproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Myocardial Contraction; Propranolol; Rabbits; Stimulation, Chemical; Trachea | 1975 |
Action potentials in chick atria. Ontogenetic changes in the dependence of tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials on calcium, strontium, barium.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Atrial Function; Barium; Calcium; Chick Embryo; Electric Stimulation; Heart; Heart Atria; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Strontium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Tetrodotoxin | 1976 |
Properties of the low threshold Ca current in single frog atrial cardiomyocytes. A comparison with the high threshold Ca current.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Atrial Function; Barium; Cadmium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Atria; Isoproterenol; Nickel; Nifedipine; Ouabain; Phenylephrine; Propranolol; Rana catesbeiana | 1992 |
Phosphorylation-independent modulation of L-type calcium channels by magnesium-nucleotide complexes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Carrier Proteins; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Isoproterenol; Magnesium; Myocardium; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Phosphorylation; Time Factors | 1992 |
Contractile and electrophysiologic effects of realkalization in cardiac tissues: role of Na/H exchange and increased [Ca]i.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Myocardial Contraction; Sodium; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers | 1992 |
Evidence for presence of functional beta-adrenoceptor in rabbit S2 proximal straight tubules.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Barium; Bucladesine; Calcium; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Electrophysiology; Epithelium; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Perfusion; Potassium; Propranolol; Rabbits; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Sodium; Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1991 |
Voltage-dependent regulation of L-type cardiac Ca channels by isoproterenol.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Calcium Channels; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Myocardium; Rats | 1991 |
Basolateral K+ channels in airway epithelia. I. Regulation by Ca2+ and block by charybdotoxin.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Benzofurans; Calcimycin; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Charybdotoxin; Chlorides; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Epithelium; Fluorescent Dyes; Fura-2; Homeostasis; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Muscle, Smooth; Potassium Channels; Rubidium; Rubidium Radioisotopes; Scorpion Venoms; Trachea | 1990 |
Basolateral K+ channels in airway epithelia. II. Role in Cl- secretion and evidence for two types of K+ channel.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Calcimycin; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Charybdotoxin; Chlorides; Dogs; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Muscle, Smooth; Potassium Channels; Rubidium; Rubidium Radioisotopes; Scorpion Venoms; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Trachea | 1990 |
Noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation of a hyperpolarization-activated cation current in thalamic relay neurones.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Baclofen; Barium; Cats; Cesium; Cyclic AMP; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Isoproterenol; Male; Methysergide; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Prazosin; Propranolol; Serotonin; Tetrodotoxin; Thalamus | 1990 |
Modulation of Ca currents in isolated frog atrial cells studied with photosensitive probes. Regulation by cAMP and Ca2+: a common pathway?
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Electric Conductivity; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Myocardium; Phosphorylation; Photolysis; Rana esculenta | 1991 |
Effects of thiopental and halothane on spontaneous contractile activity induced in isolated ventricular muscles of the rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Electric Stimulation; Halothane; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Myocardial Contraction; Papillary Muscles; Rabbits; Thiopental | 1991 |
Evidence for two types of calcium currents in frog cardiac sinus venosus cells.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Biological Clocks; Biological Transport; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Separation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; Heart Ventricles; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Nifedipine; Rana esculenta; Ventricular Function | 1991 |
Barium-induced nondriven action potentials as a model of triggered potentials from early afterdepolarizations: significance of slow channel activity and differing effects of quinidine and amiodarone.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amiodarone; Animals; Barium; Calcium Channels; Dogs; Female; Heart Conduction System; Isoproterenol; Male; Membrane Potentials; Purkinje Fibers; Quinidine; Tachycardia; Verapamil | 1990 |
Inhibition by alcohols, halothane and chloroform of the Ca current in single frog ventricular cells.
Topics: Action Potentials; Alcohols; Anesthetics; Animals; Barium; Calcium Channels; Chloroform; Halothane; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Myocardium; Rana esculenta; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1990 |
[Protective action of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract on chemically induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats].
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Coronary Disease; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Isoproterenol; Male; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1990 |
A further study on the membrane currents related to Ba-induced pacemaker in the bullfrog atrium.
Topics: Animals; Atrial Function; Barium; Biological Clocks; Electric Conductivity; Heart Atria; Heart Conduction System; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Myocardial Contraction; Rana catesbeiana | 1990 |
Two kinds of calcium channels in canine atrial cells. Differences in kinetics, selectivity, and pharmacology.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Cobalt; Dogs; Heart Atria; Ion Channels; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Myocardium; Nifedipine; Nitrendipine; Tetrodotoxin | 1985 |
PK 11195, an antagonist of peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors, modulates Bay K8644 sensitive but not beta- or H2-receptor sensitive voltage operated calcium channels in the guinea pig heart.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Benzodiazepinones; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Isoproterenol; Isoquinolines; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Nifedipine; Papillary Muscles; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Histamine; Receptors, Histamine H2 | 1986 |
Effect of temperature on isoprenaline- and barium-induced slow action potentials in guinea-pig ventricular strips.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Isoproterenol; Myocardial Contraction; Temperature | 1986 |
[Influences of agents which affect ionic conductance on the tachycardiac effect of catecholamines: antitachycardiac effect].
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Cesium; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Ions; Isoproterenol; Male; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1986 |
Does if control normal automatic rate in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers? Studies on the negative chronotropic effects of lidoflazine.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Depression, Chemical; Dogs; Heart Conduction System; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Isotonic Solutions; Lidoflazine; Piperazines; Potassium; Purkinje Fibers; Sheep | 1987 |
Comparison of effects of acetylcholine on calcium and potassium currents in frog atrium and ventricle.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atrial Function; Barium; Cadmium; Calcium; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Isoproterenol; Muscles; Potassium; Rana catesbeiana; Rana esculenta; Time Factors; Ventricular Function | 1987 |
Effects of procainamide on automatic and triggered impulse initiation in isolated preparations of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Dogs; Heart Conduction System; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Lidocaine; Procainamide; Purkinje Fibers; Quinidine | 1988 |
Effect of isoprenaline on active Na transport in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane; Cyclic AMP; Electric Conductivity; Heart Conduction System; Isoproterenol; Potassium; Purkinje Fibers; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Sheep; Sodium; Sodium Channels | 1989 |
Sodium-dependent membrane current induced by carbachol in single guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Cadmium; Carbachol; Cesium; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Ouabain; Oxotremorine; Ryanodine; Sodium; Sodium Channels; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Tetrodotoxin | 1989 |
Cellular effects of beta-adrenergic and of cAMP stimulation on potassium transport in rat alveolar epithelium.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cyclic AMP; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Homeostasis; Isoproterenol; Male; Ouabain; Potassium; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Rubidium Radioisotopes; Second Messenger Systems | 1989 |
Analysis of the hyperpolarizing effect of catecholamines on canine cardiac Purkinje fibres.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Catecholamines; Cesium; Dinitrophenols; Dogs; Epinephrine; Heart; Heart Conduction System; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Norepinephrine; Ouabain; Potassium; Purkinje Fibers; Sodium; Verapamil | 1989 |
Norepinephrine and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate enhance a nifedipine-sensitive calcium current in cultured rat astrocytes.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Astrocytes; Barium; Bucladesine; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Isoproterenol; Nifedipine; Norepinephrine; Rats | 1988 |
Mechanism of the use dependence of Ca2+ current in guinea-pig myocytes.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Calcium Channels; Egtazic Acid; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Muscles; Myocardial Contraction | 1988 |
beta-Adrenoceptor agonist accelerates recovery from inactivation of calcium-dependent action potentials.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium; Chickens; Chlorides; Heart; Homeostasis; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Reaction Time | 1985 |
[Effect of isoprenaline and the barium ion on the relaxation of the smooth muscle of the guinea pig trachea].
Topics: Animals; Barium; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ions; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; Trachea | 1985 |
Effect of Salmonella typhimurium porins on the cardiovascular and renal apparatus.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Barium; Barium Compounds; Blood Pressure; Cardiomyopathies; Chlorides; Dogs; Drug Synergism; Electrocardiography; Emetine; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; Kidney; Male; Mice; Nitrophenols; Porins; Rats; Respiration; Salmonella typhimurium; Thyroxine | 1986 |
Potassium secretion in the guinea pig distal colon.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Bumetanide; Colon; Electric Conductivity; Epinephrine; Female; Guinea Pigs; Isoproterenol; Phentolamine; Potassium; Propranolol; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Serous Membrane; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1987 |
Effect of isoproterenol on force transient time course and on stiffness spectra in rabbit papillary muscle in barium contracture.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Elasticity; Electric Stimulation; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Theoretical; Myocardial Contraction; Rabbits; Ventricular Function | 1988 |
Bronchodilator and other pharmacological activities of R-836 (2,5-diethyl-7-(4-thiomorpholino)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin e).
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminophylline; Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Bronchi; Bronchodilator Agents; Chlorides; Diuresis; Dogs; Female; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Isoproterenol; Male; Mice; Pyrimidines; Rats; SRS-A; Theophylline; Trachea; Triazines | 1987 |
Depolarizing effects of catecholamines in quiescent sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Catecholamines; Cesium; Electrophysiology; Heart Conduction System; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Purkinje Fibers; Sheep; Tetrodotoxin; Verapamil | 1986 |
Pharmacological activity of some neuro-transmitters in the isolated thoracic duct of dogs.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Caffeine; Dogs; Epinephrine; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Cholinergic; Stimulation, Chemical; Thoracic Duct | 1973 |
Effect on the guinea-pig taenia coli of the substitution of strontium or barium ions for calcium ions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Angiotensin II; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Colon; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Strontium | 1968 |
Effect of - and -adrenergic stimulation on the uterine motility and adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate level.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Butylamines; Calcium; Catecholamines; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cyclic AMP; Drug Interactions; Epinephrine; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Methoxamine; Muscle Contraction; Norepinephrine; Oxytocin; Phenoxybenzamine; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic; Sympatholytics; Uterus | 1971 |
Role of cyclic AMP and Ca++ in metabolic and mechanical events in smooth muscle.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Isotopes; Carbachol; Colon; Corticosterone; Cyclic AMP; Dibenzylchlorethamine; Glucosyltransferases; Hexosephosphates; Isoproterenol; Lactates; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Phenylephrine; Phosphocreatine; Potassium; Rabbits; Receptors, Adrenergic; Sotalol; Theophylline | 1972 |
Pharmacological reactivity of an isolated tracheal preparation of the guinea-pig.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Barium; Chlorisondamine; Chlorpheniramine; Diphenhydramine; Ethanolamines; Guinea Pigs; Hexamethonium Compounds; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Papaverine; Scopolamine; Serotonin; Theophylline; Trachea | 1966 |
Pharmacological properties of tetrahydropapaveroline.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Barium; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Cats; Dogs; Duodenum; Electric Stimulation; Ethanolamines; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Histamine; Ileum; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Nictitating Membrane; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Papaverine; Rabbits; Reserpine; Respiration; Skin; Sympathomimetics; Tyramine; Vasomotor System | 1967 |
The action of isoprenaline in the depolarized rat uterus.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Calcium Chloride; Chelating Agents; Culture Techniques; Edetic Acid; Female; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Papaverine; Rats; Uterus | 1967 |
The effects of quinidine, ajmaline, papaverine and adrenergic beta-receptor inhibitors in experimental BaCl2-arrhythmia developed for the quantitative assay of antiarrhythmic drugs.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Chlorides; Electrocardiography; Ethanolamines; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Isoproterenol; Male; Papaverine; Propranolol; Quinidine; Quinolizines; Rabbits; Sympatholytics | 1967 |
Some pharmacological properties of four stereoisomers of butidrine, a new adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Epinephrine; Ethanolamines; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Rabbits; Rats; Receptors, Drug; Seminal Vesicles; Stereoisomerism; Sympatholytics; Uterus | 1968 |
Cerebral arteriolar spasm inhibited by beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Cerebral Arterial Diseases; Injections, Subcutaneous; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Isoproterenol; Lidocaine; Male; Mice; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Receptors, Drug; Sympatholytics | 1969 |
Specific blockade of spasmogens by beta-receptor stimulation with nylidrin and isoprenaline.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Bronchi; Bronchodilator Agents; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle, Smooth; Propranolol; Sympathomimetics; Vasodilator Agents | 1970 |
Action of antibiotics on respiratory tract. I. Ampicillin.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amino Alcohols; Ampicillin; Animals; Atropine; Barium; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Chlorpheniramine; Cyproheptadine; Dibenzylchlorethamine; Dogs; Epinephrine; Female; Hexamethonium Compounds; Histamine H1 Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Phenethylamines; Respiration; Vagotomy | 1970 |
Action of antibiotics on respiratory tract. II. Dicloxacillin.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Ampicillin; Animals; Barium; Bronchi; Chlorides; Dicloxacillin; Dogs; Ephedrine; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Oxazoles; Penicillins; Respiration; Respiratory System | 1970 |
Effect of cold storage on the response of guinea-pig taenia coli to certain catecholamines and other agents.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anilides; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Catecholamines; Cold Temperature; Cyclic AMP; Drug Storage; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Methacholine Compounds; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine; Phenoxybenzamine; Phentolamine; Phenylephrine; Physostigmine; Potassium Chloride; Propranolol; Reserpine; Sulfonic Acids | 1970 |
The action of isoprenaline on the perfused vessels of the rabbit ear.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Barium; Blood Vessels; Chlorides; Constriction; Dilatation; Drug Synergism; Ear, External; Electric Stimulation; Ergotamine; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Perfusion; Propranolol; Rabbits; Receptors, Drug; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1971 |
Modification of the tonus and drug-induced contraction of the isolated rat ileum by removal of Na from bathing media.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Time Factors | 1974 |
Pulmonary mechanical effects of experimental lung embolism and their modification by bronchodilator drugs in the guinea-pig.
Topics: Albuterol; Aminophylline; Animals; Barium; Bronchodilator Agents; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Lung; Lung Compliance; Male; Papaverine; Pulmonary Embolism | 1974 |
[Action mechanism of muscle contracting agents (K, acetylcholine, Ba) and muscle relaxing agents (isoproterenol, Mn, papaverine) on the excised jejunum of mice, with special reference to their relations to Ca].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Dinitrophenols; Drug Antagonism; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Jejunum; Manganese; Mice; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Oxygen; Papaverine; Potassium Chloride | 1974 |
[Mode of action of spasmogens (K, acetylcholine, Ba) and relaxants (isoproterenol, papaverine, Mg) on the rat's excised jejunum, especially in relation to Ca].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Calcium; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Jejunum; Magnesium; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Potassium; Rats | 1973 |
[Influence of cold storage on mechanical response of isolated guinea-pig gallbladder induced by transmural and chemical stimulation].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Barium; Chlorides; Cold Temperature; Electric Stimulation; Female; Gallbladder; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Phenylephrine; Physostigmine; Potassium Chloride; Stimulation, Chemical; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors; Tissue Preservation | 1973 |
Action mechanisms of the contracting drugs, K, acetylcholine and Ba, and of the relaxants, isoproterenol and papaverine in the rat's isolated ileum, especially in relation to Ca.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Papaverine; Potassium; Rats | 1973 |
Some effects of histamine in the depolarized rat uterus.
Topics: Acetates; Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Buffers; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chelating Agents; Female; Glycols; Histamine; Hydrogen; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Nitrites; Papaverine; Potassium; Propranolol; Rats; Receptors, Drug; Thiourea; Uterus | 1973 |
[Mode of action of spasmogens (K, acetylcholine, Ba) and antispasmodics (isoproterenol, papaverine, chlorpromazine) on excised vas deferens of the rabbit, with special reference to their relationship with Ca].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Chlorpromazine; Dinitrophenols; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Oxygen; Papaverine; Parasympatholytics; Potassium; Rabbits; Vas Deferens | 1973 |
[Proceedings: Contractions and relaxations of the vascular smooth muscle. 3. Papaverine relaxation responses in Ca and Ba solutions].
Topics: Animals; Barium; Blood Vessels; Calcium; Dogs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Papaverine | 1973 |
Barium-induced skeletal muscle paralysis in the rat, and its relationship to human familial periodic paralysis.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Calcium; Female; Hypertension; Hypokalemia; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Ouabain; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis; Potassium; Propranolol; Rats; Sodium; Tubocurarine | 1974 |
The supersensitivity of isolated rabbit atria and aortic strips produced by 6-hydroxydopamine.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Aorta; Barium; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dopamine; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Epinephrine; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Potassium Chloride; Rabbits; Sympathectomy; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tyramine | 1972 |
Pharmacological responses of the smooth muscle of the pig's excised coronary artery, especially in relation to Ca.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Arteries; Barium; Calcium; Coronary Vessels; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Papaverine; Potassium; Swine | 1971 |
Effects of acetylcholine and carbachol on the blood vessels of the frog.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Barium; Carbachol; Chlorides; Choline; Epinephrine; Gallamine Triethiodide; Isoproterenol; Nicotine; Papaverine; Pentolinium Tartrate; Perfusion; Pilocarpine; Seasons; Tolazoline; Tubocurarine; Vasomotor System | 1970 |
A study on the contraction of spleen strips in kids and dogs, with special reference to the cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Barium; Chlorides; Dibenzylchlorethamine; Dogs; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Norepinephrine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Propranolol; Sensory Receptor Cells; Sheep; Spleen; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1969 |
Study of the action of 4-aminopyridine on the isolated vas deferens of the guinea-pig.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Denervation; Electric Stimulation; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hypogastric Plexus; Isoproterenol; Male; Membranes; Muscle Contraction; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Pyridines; Tyramine; Vas Deferens | 1969 |
Calcium-dependent action potentials produced by catecholamines in guinea pig atrial muscle fibers depolarized by potassium.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Manganese; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Contraction; Norepinephrine; Potassium; Propranolol; Strontium; Tetrodotoxin | 1970 |
Comparative responses of the isolated testicular capsule and parenchyma to autonomic drugs.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autonomic Agents; Barium; Biological Transport; Carbachol; Cell Movement; Epididymis; Epinephrine; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine; Pilocarpine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rabbits; Rats; Spermatozoa; Testis | 1971 |
Barium stimulation of esophageal smooth muscle.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Barium; Cats; Electrophysiology; Esophagus; Female; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Motor Neurons; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neuromuscular Junction; Nicotine; Stimulation, Chemical | 1968 |
Antiarrhythmic effect of some naphthylalkylamine derivatives.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Blood Pressure; Cats; Chlorides; Dogs; Heart; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Contraction; Naphthalenes; Nictitating Membrane; Propranolol; Propylamines; Rabbits; Rats; Strophanthins; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1968 |
[Pharmacological studies on drugs affecting smooth muscle].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Biliary Tract; Female; Gallbladder; Gastrointestinal Motility; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Methysergide; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Oxytocin; Papaverine; Propiophenones; Rabbits; Rats; Serotonin Antagonists; Stomach; Uterus | 1968 |
Response of the isolated testicular capsule of the rat to autonomic drugs.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autonomic Agents; Barium; Carbachol; Epinephrine; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Norepinephrine; Pilocarpine; Rats; Testis; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1969 |
[Anti-bradykinin action of guanethidine on the isolated guinea pig ileum].
Topics: Animals; Barium; Bradykinin; Calcium; Epinephrine; Guanethidine; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Norepinephrine; Propranolol; Reserpine | 1966 |
Need for calcium in isoprenaline-induced relaxation of the depolarized rat uterus.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Calcium; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Rats; Uterus | 1967 |
Adrenergic-cholinergic interactions on membrane potential of K+ -depolarized ventricular muscle.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Caffeine; Electric Conductivity; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Ion Channels; Isoproterenol; Manganese; Myocardial Contraction; Potassium; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Receptors, Muscarinic; Theophylline | 1984 |
Alpha-drenergic inhibition of calcium-dependent potentials in rat sympathetic neurones.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic; Barium; Calcium; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; Epinephrine; Ganglia, Sympathetic; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Phentolamine; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Tetrodotoxin | 1980 |
Correlation between electrical activity and ACTH/beta-endorphin secretion in mouse pituitary tumor cells.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Barium; beta-Endorphin; Calcium; Cell Line; Cobalt; Endorphins; Isoproterenol; Mice; Norepinephrine; Pituitary Neoplasms; Tetrodotoxin | 1982 |
The potential bronchodilator action of verapamil.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Bronchi; Chlorides; Dinoprost; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Isoproterenol; Methacholine Chloride; Methacholine Compounds; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; Prostaglandins F; Serotonin; Verapamil | 1984 |
Influence of arrhythmogenic and antiarrhythmic agents on alternating current-induced arrhythmias in guinea-pig heart preparations.
Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbachol; Chlorides; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Papillary Muscles; Receptors, Cholinergic | 1984 |
A pace-maker-like current in the sheep atrium and its modulation by catecholamines.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Atrial Function; Barium; Chlorides; Epinephrine; Heart Conduction System; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Membrane Potentials; Sheep; Tetrodotoxin; Theophylline | 1983 |
Calcium-dependent slow action potentials in potassium-depolarized guinea-pig ventricular myocardium enhanced by barium ions.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Guinea Pigs; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Potassium | 1980 |
Calcium-based evaluation of dose-response curves of papaverine-like relaxants in guinea-pig taenia coli.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium; Chlorides; Colon; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle, Smooth; Papaverine; Parasympatholytics; Theophylline | 1981 |
Activity-induced facilitation of L-type Ca2+ current in cardiomyocytes isolated from guinea-pig ventricles.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Egtazic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Heart Ventricles; Isoproterenol; Male; Membrane Potentials; Myocardium; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Sodium; Temperature | 1995 |
Beta-adrenergic stimulation does not regulate Na pump function in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes of the rat heart.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Dialysis; Electrodes; Electrophysiology; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Myocardium; Potassium; Rats; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 1993 |
Ca2+ channel modulating effects of heparin in mammalian cardiac myocytes.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cesium; Fura-2; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guinea Pigs; Heparin; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Magnesium; Membrane Potentials; Myocardium; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Rats | 1993 |
[Prevention of arrhythmia in rats by puhuang].
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Electrocardiography; Isoproterenol; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ventricular Fibrillation | 1993 |
Whole cell K and Cl currents in dissociated eccrine secretory coil cells during stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Eccrine Glands; Electric Stimulation; Ionomycin; Isoproterenol; Macaca mulatta; Membrane Potentials; Methacholine Chloride; Models, Biological; Potassium Channels; Quinidine; Sodium; Time Factors | 1993 |
beta-Adrenergic modulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel in isolated human ventricular myocytes. Alteration in channel response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in failing human hearts.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Analysis of Variance; Barium; Bucladesine; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cells, Cultured; Colforsin; Coronary Disease; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Heart; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Male; Membrane Potentials; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Propranolol | 1995 |
Expression of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) in human glioma cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Amines; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Barium; Binding, Competitive; Corticosterone; Dopamine Agents; Epinephrine; Glioma; Humans; Isoproterenol; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Potassium; Sodium; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1996 |
Genetic evidence for involvement of multiple effector systems in alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor inhibition of stimulus-secretion coupling.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Barium; Brimonidine Tartrate; Calcium Channels; Cell Line; GTP-Binding Proteins; Isoproterenol; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Point Mutation; Potassium Channels; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Recombinant Proteins; Somatostatin | 1996 |
VIP and secretin augment cardiac L-type calcium channel currents in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Calcium Channels; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Secretin; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 1996 |
An amiloride-sensitive, volume-dependent Na+ transport across the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) erythrocyte membrane.
Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Barium; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Lampreys; Meglumine; Osmolar Concentration; Ouabain; Sodium; Sodium Radioisotopes | 1996 |
Phosphorylation-independent inhibition by intracellular cyclic nucleotides of brain inwardly rectifying K+ current expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Brain; Bucladesine; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cyclic GMP; Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; Guinea Pigs; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phosphorylation; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Xenopus | 1997 |
beta-Adrenergic modulation of Ba2+ currents and K+ contractures in frog slow skeletal muscle fibers.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Cyclic AMP; Electric Conductivity; Epinephrine; Isoproterenol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Potassium; Rana pipiens; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 1997 |
Effects of putative K+ channel blockers on beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation of rat mesenteric artery.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Benzopyrans; Calcium; Charybdotoxin; Colforsin; Cromakalim; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fenoterol; Glyburide; Isoproterenol; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phenylephrine; Potassium Channel Blockers; Pyrroles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents | 1997 |
L-type Ca2+ current in fish cardiac myocytes: effects of thermal acclimation and beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Topics: Acclimatization; Adenylyl Cyclases; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Caffeine; Calcium; Carps; Colforsin; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channel Gating; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Electron; Nifedipine; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Sarcolemma; Species Specificity; Temperature | 1998 |
Ca2+ entry through cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels modulates beta-adrenergic stimulation in mouse ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Chelating Agents; Egtazic Acid; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Transport; Isoproterenol; Mice; Myocardium; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Ryanodine; Ventricular Function | 1998 |
Isoprenaline enhances both voltage-dependent Ba2+ and K+ currents in guinea-pig vas deferens.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Isoproterenol; Male; Potassium Channels; Vas Deferens | 1998 |
Myorelaxant activity of 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA) in guinea pig gastric fundus.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Antioxidants; Barium; Butylated Hydroxyanisole; Calcium Channel Agonists; Cardiotonic Agents; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Gastric Fundus; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Indoles; Isoproterenol; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Nifedipine; Nitroprusside; Tetraethylammonium; Vasodilator Agents | 1998 |
Anchoring protein is required for cAMP-dependent stimulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels in rabbit portal vein.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Barium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Carbazoles; Carrier Proteins; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Electric Conductivity; Enzyme Inhibitors; Indoles; Isoproterenol; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Portal Vein; Proteins; Pyrroles; Rabbits | 1999 |
Use-dependent facilitation and depression of L-type Ca2+ current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes: modulation by Ca2+ and isoprenaline.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channel Agonists; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Extracellular Space; Guinea Pigs; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardium; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Statistics, Nonparametric | 1999 |
The sustained inward current and inward rectifier K+ current in pacemaker cells dissociated from rat sinoatrial node.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cesium; Electric Conductivity; Isoproterenol; Myocardial Contraction; Nicardipine; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Rabbits; Rats; Sinoatrial Node; Tetrodotoxin | 2000 |
Beta-3 adrenergic stimulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels in rat portal vein myocytes.
Topics: 1-Propanol; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Barium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cells, Cultured; Cholera Toxin; Colforsin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Isoproterenol; Isoquinolines; Membrane Potentials; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Portal Vein; Propanolamines; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Sulfonamides | 2000 |
Voltage-dependent calcium channels in ventricular cells of rainbow trout: effect of temperature changes in vitro.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Barium; Body Temperature; Cadmium; Calcium; Calcium Channel Agonists; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cardiotonic Agents; Cold Temperature; Colforsin; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channel Gating; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Nifedipine; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyrroles; Tetrodotoxin | 2000 |
Facilitation of L-type calcium currents by diastolic depolarization in cardiac cells: impairment in heart failure.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Animals; Barium; Bucladesine; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Diastole; Electric Stimulation; Heart Atria; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Ryanodine; Sarcolemma; Serotonin | 2000 |
beta-Adrenergic receptor stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in rabbit portal vein myocytes involves both alphas and betagamma G protein subunits.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Barium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Enzyme Inhibitors; GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits; GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Microdialysis; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Portal Vein; Protein Kinase C; Rabbits; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 | 2001 |
Murine ventricular L-type Ca(2+) current is enhanced by zinterol via beta(1)-adrenoceptors, and is reduced in TG4 mice overexpressing the human beta(2)-adrenoceptor.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Barium; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Electric Conductivity; Ethanolamines; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Imidazoles; Ion Channel Gating; Isoproterenol; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Myocardium; Pertussis Toxin; Propanolamines; Protein Binding; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 2001 |
Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated control of apical membrane conductive properties in fetal distal lung epithelia.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Cell Polarity; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Epithelial Cells; Extravascular Lung Water; Female; Fetus; Glyburide; Hypoglycemic Agents; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Respiratory Mucosa; Sodium; Sodium Channels | 2002 |
"Sleepy" inward rectifier channels in guinea-pig cardiomyocytes are activated only during strong hyperpolarization.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Cesium; Electrophysiology; Guinea Pigs; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying | 2002 |
Voltage- and cation-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca2+ channel currents in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Cadmium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cations; Electrophysiology; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Membrane Potentials; Myocardium; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Strontium | 2002 |
An important role for the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in the decrease in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration induced by isoprenaline in the porcine coronary artery.
Topics: 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; Animals; Arteries; Barium; Calcium; Coronary Vessels; Cytosol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Fluid; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Membranes; Isoproterenol; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Potassium Channel Blockers; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; Swine; Vasoconstriction; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2003 |
Calcium and potassium currents in cells from adult and aged canine right atria.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aging; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Chelating Agents; Dogs; Egtazic Acid; Heart Atria; Isoproterenol; Myocytes, Cardiac; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Channels; Tetraethylammonium | 2003 |
K+ channels in cultured bovine retinal pericytes: effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Isoproterenol; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pericytes; Potassium Channels; Retina | 2003 |
[Hemodynamic responses to adrenaline after pretreatment with regitin, procaine amide, dichloroisoproterenol, BaC12 and spartein].
Topics: Barium; Epinephrine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Isoproterenol; Procainamide; Sparteine; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics | 1961 |
A CLINICAL APPRAISAL OF DRUGS USED FOR CARDIORESPIRATORY RESUSCITATION.
Topics: Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Barium; Bemegride; Bicarbonates; Calcium; Cyanides; Epinephrine; Humans; Isoproterenol; Lactates; Lidocaine; Lobeline; Methylphenidate; Nalorphine; Nicotine; Nikethamide; Norepinephrine; Pentylenetetrazole; Pharmacology; Picrotoxin; Potassium; Procaine; Resuscitation; Toxicology | 1964 |
Characterization of a hyperpolarization-activated time-dependent potassium current in canine cardiomyocytes from pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves and left atrium.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Barium; Bee Venoms; Cardiotonic Agents; Cesium; Dogs; Electric Conductivity; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; GTP-Binding Proteins; Heart Atria; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocytes, Cardiac; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Pulmonary Veins; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial; Time Factors | 2004 |
Exposure to cAMP and beta-adrenergic stimulation recruits Ca(V)3 T-type channels in rat chromaffin cells through Epac cAMP-receptor proteins.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, T-Type; Chromaffin Cells; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; Isoproterenol; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2004 |
Overexpression of the integrin beta(1A) subunit and the beta(1A) cytoplasmic domain modifies the beta-adrenergic regulation of the cardiac L-type Ca(2+)current.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cells, Cultured; Cytoplasm; Electric Conductivity; Heart Ventricles; Integrin beta1; Isoproterenol; Myocytes, Cardiac; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Transfection | 2004 |
Modulation of voltage-dependent Ba2+ currents in the guinea-pig gastric antrum by cyclic nucleotide-dependent pathways.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Bucladesine; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Membrane Potentials; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Peptides; Pyloric Antrum; Thionucleotides | 2005 |
Characterization of recombinant human cardiac KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels (I (Ks)) stably expressed in HEK 293 cells.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Barium; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Isoproterenol; Isoquinolines; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel; Kidney; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Recombinant Proteins; Sulfonamides; Transfection | 2006 |
The slow Ca2+ -dependent K+ -current facilitates synchronization of hyperexcitable pyramidal neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amino Acids; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Carbachol; Cesium; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Xanthenes | 2009 |
Properties of a T-type Ca2+channel-activated slow afterhyperpolarization in thalamic paraventricular nucleus and other thalamic midline neurons.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Barium; Cadmium; Calcium; Calcium Channels, T-Type; Chelating Agents; Cyclic AMP; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Midline Thalamic Nuclei; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Potassium Channel Blockers; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Sodium Channel Blockers; Strontium; Tetrodotoxin | 2009 |
Microencapsulation of small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm cells for tumor model studies.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Alginates; Barium; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium; Capsules; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Colforsin; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Humans; Intestine, Small; Isoproterenol; Microscopy, Confocal; Microspheres; Models, Biological; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Serotonin; Spheroids, Cellular; Time Factors | 2012 |
Basal and β-adrenergic regulation of the cardiac calcium channel CaV1.2 requires phosphorylation of serine 1700.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Calcium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Casein Kinase II; Dihydropyridines; Exercise Tolerance; Heart Failure; Ion Transport; Isoproterenol; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Models, Molecular; Mutation, Missense; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac; Phosphorylation; Phosphoserine; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Signal Transduction; Transfection | 2014 |
Regulation of Ca
Topics: Acidosis; Acute Disease; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Barium; Biological Transport; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium Signaling; Cytosol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Ion Channel Gating; Isoproterenol; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Myocytes, Cardiac; Phosphorylation; Time Factors | 2018 |