azathioprine has been researched along with mercaptopurine in 1367 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 385 (28.16) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 109 (7.97) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 330 (24.14) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 448 (32.77) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 95 (6.95) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Hall, WW; Krenitsky, TA; Selph, JL; Truax, JF; Vinegar, R | 1 |
| Lombardino, JG; Otterness, IG | 1 |
| Lipsky, JJ; Mahoney, DW; Mays, DC; Sandborn, WJ; Tremaine, WJ; Van Os, EC; Zins, BJ; Zinsmeister, AR | 1 |
| Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL | 1 |
| Collins, MT; Shin, SJ | 1 |
| Arditti, F; Berrebi, A; Konstantinovski, L; Mirelman, D; Miron, T; Rabinkov, A; Wilchek, M | 1 |
| González-Díaz, H; Orallo, F; Quezada, E; Santana, L; Uriarte, E; Viña, D; Yáñez, M | 1 |
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ | 1 |
| Ekins, S; Williams, AJ; Xu, JJ | 1 |
| Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V | 1 |
| Ambroso, JL; Ayrton, AD; Baines, IA; Bloomer, JC; Chen, L; Clarke, SE; Ellens, HM; Harrell, AW; Lovatt, CA; Reese, MJ; Sakatis, MZ; Taylor, MA; Yang, EY | 1 |
| Afshari, CA; Chen, Y; Dunn, RT; Hamadeh, HK; Kalanzi, J; Kalyanaraman, N; Morgan, RE; van Staden, CJ | 1 |
| Chen, M; Hu, C; Suzuki, A; Thakkar, S; Tong, W; Yu, K | 1 |
| Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y | 1 |
| Nelius, D | 1 |
| Kaplowitz, N | 1 |
| Hobara, N; Nagashima, H; Watanabe, A | 1 |
| Maddocks, JL | 1 |
| Leib, ES; Paulus, HE; Restivo, C | 1 |
| Lurati, M; Mertens, HG | 2 |
| Kimur, I; Saito, K; Sato, S; Takahashi, K; Tanizaki, Y | 1 |
| Matthay, RA; Putman, CE; Sostman, HD | 1 |
| Schein, PS; Winokur, SH | 1 |
| Goubeaud, G; Schütterle, G | 1 |
| Benet, LZ; Ding, TL | 1 |
| Ruszczak, Z | 1 |
| Franke, A; Fuchs, R; Mey, U | 1 |
| Elion, GB | 3 |
| Sieber, SM | 1 |
| Cooke, G; Harris, L; Losito, A; Williams, DG | 1 |
| Benhamou, JP; Degott, C; Descamps, JM; Feldmann, G; Lebrec, D; Nataf, C; Rueff, B | 1 |
| Hruby, K; Kopsa, H; Pils, P; Schmidt, P; Zazgornik, J | 1 |
| Winkelstein, A | 1 |
| Saunders, JE; Wickramasinghe, SN | 1 |
| Present, DH; Sachar, DB | 1 |
| Donadio, JV; Holley, KE; Ilstrup, DM; Slack, TK | 1 |
| Doi, K | 1 |
| Belohradsky, BH; Christ, M; Haas, RJ; Pöschl, U; Schaub, J | 1 |
| Rull, S; Varela, JI | 1 |
| Czarnecki, W | 1 |
| Blaszczyk, B; Gieldanowski, J; Karakoz, I | 1 |
| Kaplowitz, N; Kuhlenkamp, J | 1 |
| Maddocks, JL; Thapliyal, RC | 1 |
| Wilmanns, W | 2 |
| Buselmaier, W; Herbold, B | 1 |
| Berkman, EM; Caplan, SN | 1 |
| Nasonov, EL; Podymova, SD | 1 |
| Cros, S; Oreglia, J; Puget, A; Tollon, Y | 1 |
| Bonino, F; Rizzetto, M; Verme, G | 1 |
| Bugge, C; Krasny, HC; Nelson, DJ | 1 |
| Kovalev, IE; Rubtsova, ER; Shaĭdrov, VV | 1 |
| Botzenhardt, U; Lemmel, EM | 2 |
| Chang, YH; Otterness, IG | 1 |
| Agte, BS; Dukhovnaia, MA; Kalmykova, TN; Zemlianaia, NF | 1 |
| Konoplia, AI | 1 |
| Auer, I; Kasper, H | 1 |
| Bach, JF | 2 |
| Green, D | 1 |
| Bruntsch, U; Burkhardt, R; Gallmeier, WM; Schmidt, CG | 1 |
| Holm, O | 1 |
| Diesselhoff-Den Dulk, MM; Gassmann, AE; van Furth, R | 1 |
| O'Loughlin, JM | 1 |
| Bugg, CE; Cook, WJ | 1 |
| Delbarre, F; Menkès, CJ; Simon, F | 1 |
| Isreal, HL; Patchfsky, AS | 1 |
| Gassmann, AE; van Furth, R | 1 |
| Chalmers, AH | 1 |
| Krants, SB; Zaents, SD | 1 |
| Fengler, A; Fröhling, P; Lindenau, K; Metz, EG | 1 |
| Aprosina, ZG; Semendiaeva, ME; Tareev, EM; Traianova, TG | 1 |
| Davidson, GS; Maddocks, JL | 1 |
| Aoki, K; Sugiura, S | 1 |
| Fischbach, W | 1 |
| Goldstein, F | 4 |
| Kahan, BD | 1 |
| Hitchings, GH | 2 |
| Lennard, L | 4 |
| Belaiche, J; Delwaide, J; Gast, P; Louis, E | 2 |
| Medzihradsky, JL; Wilson, JG | 1 |
| Choi, PM; Zelig, MP | 1 |
| Dayton, JS; Mitchell, BS; Thompson, CB; Turka, LA | 2 |
| Hoffmann, R | 1 |
| Goebell, H; Kölbel, C | 1 |
| Durkacz, BW; Harris, AL; Moses, K; Willmore, E | 1 |
| Steinberg, H | 1 |
| Melka, M; Panajotovova, V | 1 |
| Iven, H; Kurowski, V | 1 |
| Bayless, JA; Bayless, TM; O'Brien, JJ | 1 |
| Kaplan, MM | 1 |
| Beaugerie, L; Gendre, JP | 1 |
| Faucon, G; Gavend, M; Lang, J; Sahnoun, Z; Serre-Debeauvais, F | 1 |
| Lloyd-Still, JD | 1 |
| Canafax, DM; Chan, GL; Erdmann, GR; Gruber, SA; Matas, AJ | 1 |
| Lafolie, P; Liliemark, J; Peterson, C; Pettersson, B; Zweig, T | 1 |
| Bitoun, A; Bonhomme, P; Lémann, M; Messing, B; Modigliani, R; Rambaud, JC | 1 |
| Chodkowski, J; Fijał'k, Z; Kaniowski, M; Warowna, M | 1 |
| Ascher, NL; Canafax, DM; Chan, GL; Chen, S; Erdmann, GR; Gruber, SA; Stock, P | 1 |
| Riemann, JF | 1 |
| Ascher, NL; Burke, BA; Canafax, DM; Cipolle, RJ; Erdmann, GR; Gould, FH; Gruber, SA; Heil, JE; Hynes, PE; Rabatin, JT | 1 |
| Present, DH | 3 |
| Crusiaux, A; Denys, C; Dupont, E; Schandene, L; Wybran, J | 1 |
| Berg, PA; Daniel, PT; Holzschuh, J; Müller, CE; Roth, HJ | 1 |
| Greenberger, N | 1 |
| Korelitz, BI | 6 |
| Donaldson, RM | 1 |
| Peppercorn, MA | 1 |
| Al-Safi, SA; Dooley, T; Maddocks, JL; Szawlowski, PW | 1 |
| Bachetoni, A; Berloco, P; Capua, A; Cortesini, R; Famulari, A; Iappelli, M; Marinucci, G; Pretagostini, R; Renna Molajoni, E; Trovati, A | 1 |
| Al-Safi, SA; Maddocks, JL | 3 |
| Abraham, RT; Benson, LM; Jardine, I | 1 |
| Hantke, U; Sauer, H; Wilmanns, W | 1 |
| Bach, JF; Dardenne, M; Homo-Delarche, F | 1 |
| Flachs, H; Hvidberg, EF; Ladefoged, J; Langhoff, E | 1 |
| Browne, CD; Champion, GD; Cohen, ML; Day, RO; Graham, S; Patapanian, H; Sambrook, PN | 1 |
| Diadyk, AI; Nikolenko, IuI; Shpilevaia, NI; Siniachenko, OV; Vasilenko, IV | 1 |
| Ladefoged, J; Langhoff, E | 1 |
| Johnson, CA; Porter, WR; Vanscoik, KG | 1 |
| Hüller, H; Migulla, H; Prümke, HJ | 1 |
| Hemmens, VJ; Moore, DE | 1 |
| Beyer, JM; Pedersen, BK | 1 |
| Browne, CD; Champion, GD; Cohen, ML; Compton, P; Day, RO; de Jager, J; Sambrook, PN | 1 |
| Johnson, CA; Porter, WR; Van Scoik, KG | 1 |
| Eriksson, S; Hansson, I; Nyman, M | 1 |
| Keyhani, AH; Tanner, AR; Wright, R | 1 |
| Grefberg, N; Hartvig, P; Lindström, B; Lönnerholm, G; Odlind, B; Tufveson, G | 1 |
| Boulton-Jones, M; Cameron, JS; Ogg, C; Robinson, R | 1 |
| Hardt, F | 1 |
| Busch, GJ; Galvanek, EG; Reynolds, ES | 1 |
| Fleischhacker, H | 1 |
| Hamburger, J | 1 |
| Deicher, H | 2 |
| Greenwald, ES | 1 |
| Loughridge, LW | 1 |
| Bredikhin, TF; Davydov, MN; Nikulin, MA; Storozhenko, LG | 1 |
| Miescher, PA; Schrago, R | 1 |
| O'Sullivan, WJ | 1 |
| Dantzig, PI | 1 |
| Gleichmann, E; Gleichmann, H | 1 |
| Götzel, L | 1 |
| Tumen, HJ | 1 |
| Lorenzen, I; Videbaek, A | 2 |
| Cleasby, GW; Vincent, NJ; Webster, RG | 1 |
| Ogawa, Y; Yamagata, H; Yamamura, Y | 1 |
| Wojnarowski, M; Wyszyńska, T | 1 |
| Mowbray, J | 1 |
| Balzereit, F; Leipert, M; Mertens, HG | 1 |
| Fink, U | 1 |
| Glyda, J; Kunert, Z; Orlowski, T; Wojtulewicz-Kurkus, J | 1 |
| Berceanu, S; Dăncescu, I; Gociu, M; Serban-Pîrîu, G | 1 |
| Benfield, JR; Wildevuur, CR | 1 |
| Torelli, U; Vaccari, GL | 1 |
| Holtz, G; Martin, H; Schubert, H; Schubert, JC | 1 |
| Nahas, G; Palacek, J; Schwartz, I; Zagury, D | 1 |
| Decker, JL; Healey, LA | 1 |
| LePage, GA | 1 |
| Harber, MJ; Maddocks, JL | 2 |
| Dioguardi, N | 2 |
| Gleason, TH; Hamlin, WB | 1 |
| Angstwurm, H; Frick, E; Strauss, G | 1 |
| Mercier-Parot, L; Tuchmann-Duplessis, H | 3 |
| Cassidy, EP; Fischer, DS; Welch, AD | 1 |
| Lapière, CM; Salmon, J | 1 |
| Babington, RG; Wedeking, PW | 1 |
| Amiel, JL; Cattan, A; Mathé, G; Schlumberger, JR; Schneider, M; Schwarzenberg, L | 1 |
| Nieth, H | 1 |
| Sánchez-Fayos, J | 1 |
| Calabuig, MT; Outeirino, J; Paniagua, G; Sanchez-Fayos, J; Serrano, J | 1 |
| Mamou, H | 2 |
| Genova, R; Pachioli, R | 1 |
| Kott, HS | 1 |
| Ricken, D | 1 |
| Currey, HL | 2 |
| Deicher, H; Fricke, R; Krull, P; Wittenborg, A | 1 |
| Saarikoski, S; Seppälä, M | 1 |
| Aarli, JA | 1 |
| Bonnet, M | 1 |
| De Koning, J; Eernisse, JG; Zwaan, FE | 1 |
| Lambert, PH; Salmon, J | 1 |
| Khaitov, RM; Manyko, VM; Petrov, RV; Seslavina, LS | 1 |
| Haustein, UF | 1 |
| Dygin, VP; Samtsov, VI; Shaposhnikov, OK; Viazitskiĭ, PO | 1 |
| Dmochowska, M; Krauze-Jaworska, H; Krykowski, E; Orlowski, Z; Pawlowski, J; Pluzańska, A; Zebrowski, A | 1 |
| Filimonova, RG; Mukhin, NA; Poliantseva, LR; Tareeva, IE | 1 |
| Breter, HJ; Heicke, B; Zahn, RK; Zöllner, EJ | 1 |
| Isaeva, LA; Kartasheva, VI | 1 |
| Akimoto, T; Mizushima, Y; Tsukada, W | 1 |
| Shepard, TH | 1 |
| Beck, FJ; Whitehouse, MW | 1 |
| Friedman, IA; Gynn, TN; Messmore, HL | 1 |
| Barratt, M | 1 |
| Schwartz, RS; Skinner, MD | 1 |
| Atuk, NO; Roman, J; Westervelt, FB; Wheby, MS | 1 |
| Kardaszewicz, E | 1 |
| Bach, JF; Dardenne, M | 1 |
| Lam, KC; Mistilis, SP | 1 |
| Zweiman, B | 1 |
| Bossi, A; Donelli, MG; Garattini, S; Spreafico, F; Standen, S; Vecchi, A | 1 |
| Campbell, AC; Harding, B; Hersey, P; Hollingsworth, PM; MacLennan, IC; Skinner, J | 1 |
| Fischer, H; Keitel, W; Kunze, M; Oppermann, J; Paliege, R; Tanner, E | 1 |
| Nelius, D; Stieglitz, R | 1 |
| Di Luzio, NR; Patterson, JT; Pisano, JC | 1 |
| Gradowska, L; Lao, M; Orlowski, T; Rancewicz, Z; Rowinska, D | 1 |
| Engelmann, C; Konrad, H; Nowotny, P; Schulz, K | 1 |
| Burdorf, T; Chgalmers, AH; Murray, AW | 1 |
| Miescher, PA | 1 |
| Menninger, H; Müller, R; Sultan, N | 1 |
| Khekht, A; Shimelpfenig, R; Shimelpfenig, V; Shnaider, G; Toier, D; Vagner, K | 1 |
| Bugge, CJ; Krasny, HC; Nelson, DJ; Zimmerman, TP | 1 |
| Apostoloff, E; Nelius, D; Reitzig, P; Stieglitz, R; Stobbe, H | 1 |
| Mowbray, JF; O'Connell, TX | 1 |
| Hollander, VP; Schlossberg, M | 1 |
| Chan, WC; Dukes, M; Willoughby, DA | 1 |
| Boj, E; Kamińska, M; Piotrowicz, E; Ratajczak, B | 1 |
| Haas, DC | 1 |
| Fogel, M; Lewis, M; Segel, D; Shadduck, RK; Stolzer, BL; Winkelstein, A | 1 |
| Almici, C; Inzoli, MR | 1 |
| Maleev, A; Stojanov, S | 1 |
| Alvarez, J; Barat, A; Casado, S; Hernando, L; López de Novales, E; Ruilope, LM | 1 |
| Fokeeva, VV; Ignatova, MS; Korovina, NA; Levitskaia, SV | 1 |
| Gori, E; Marmont, A | 1 |
| Kostovska, S; Nedelkoski, J; Stojcevski, T | 1 |
| Abdulsalam, M; Iskandar, W; Markum, AH; Muslichan, S | 1 |
| Kelly, MR; Quadracci, LJ; Scribner, BH; Striker, GE | 1 |
| Trux, F | 1 |
| Castro, O; Cooper, M; Covey, W; Erichson, R; Finch, SC; McPhedran, P | 1 |
| Fernandez-Rañada, J; Lopez-Pascual, J; Outeiriño Hernanz, J; Paniagua, G; Ribera Casado, C; Sanchez Fayos, J | 1 |
| Atkinson, MR; Chalmers, AH; Knight, PR | 2 |
| Hardisty, RM; Norman, PM | 1 |
| Quaglino, D; Storti, E; Traldi, A | 1 |
| Shapovalova, SP | 1 |
| Depp, DA; Eichwald, EJ; Giraldo, N; Reemtsma, K | 1 |
| Heard, B; Logan, A; Matthew, H; Woodruff, MF | 1 |
| Fujimoto, Y | 1 |
| Crampton, R; Lawrence, W; Miller, D; Terz, JJ | 1 |
| Ginn, HE | 1 |
| Strejcek, J | 1 |
| Baum, J; Vaughan, J | 1 |
| Schmidt, E; Schmidt, FW | 1 |
| Apostoloff, E; Dutz, W; Heine, KM; Klatt, R; Stobbe, H | 1 |
| Mayr, E | 1 |
| Melli, G | 1 |
| Blackburn, CR; Mistilis, SP | 2 |
| Gómez Sánchez, J; Tamames, S; Tamayo, FJ; Zamorano, JR | 1 |
| Ashton, H; Beveridge, GW; Stevenson, CJ | 1 |
| Tuchmann-Duplessis, H | 1 |
| Berenbaum, MC | 1 |
| Rogers, AI | 1 |
| Judd, KP; Trentin, JJ | 1 |
| Brinkmeyer, B; Loew, H; Ritzerfeld, W | 1 |
| Ashton, H; Frenk, E; Stevenson, CJ | 1 |
| Knight, PR; Meadows, R; Rao, MD; Rao, MM | 1 |
| Dodson, WH | 1 |
| Kutsch Lojenga, JC | 1 |
| Enderlin, M; Gross, D | 1 |
| Brass, H; Heintz, R; Lapp, H | 1 |
| Deicher, H; Fricke, R; Krull, P | 1 |
| Pichlmayr, R | 1 |
| Fischer, J; Jahn, U; Wagner-Jauregg, T | 1 |
| Brain, P; Gordon, J | 1 |
| Deicher, H; Fricke, R; Kruli, P | 1 |
| Geller, LI | 1 |
| Brener, Z; Chiari, E | 1 |
| Donovan, EJ | 1 |
| Khaitov, RM; Man'ko, VM; Petrov, RV; Seslavina, LS | 1 |
| Baer, I; Nelius, D; Stieglitz, R; Stobbe, H | 1 |
| Aprosina, ZG; Mukhin, AS | 2 |
| Korelitz, BI; Wisch, N | 1 |
| Nebe, H | 1 |
| Becker, K | 1 |
| Stögmann, W | 1 |
| Maruyama, T; Morita, K; Okada, M; Yoshimi, H; Yutani, C | 1 |
| Dollinger, HC | 1 |
| Arrigoni-Martelli, E; Schiatti, P; Selva, D | 1 |
| Boll, I; Klimas, J; Willigerodt, B | 1 |
| Obe, G | 1 |
| Chudinovskikh, AIa; Khanina, SB; Kulenko, EM | 1 |
| Bobory, J; Kakuk, G; Leövey, A; Petrányi, G; Szegedi, G | 1 |
| Górkiewicz, A; Kostanecki, W; Mazurkiewicz, W; Zborzil, J | 1 |
| Bied, JC; Vignon, G | 1 |
| Busse, V; Hampel, KE; Lackner, A; Schulz, G | 1 |
| Forbes, IJ; Smith, JL | 2 |
| Enderlin, M | 1 |
| Rowland, LP | 1 |
| Maj, S; Pawelski, S | 2 |
| Krampac, I | 1 |
| Brown, EB; Krantz, SB; Safdar, SH | 1 |
| Keltner, RM; Newton, WT; Shankel, SW | 1 |
| Gluhovschi, G; Iacob, G; Mănescu, N; Sabo, I; Schwarzkopf, A; Zosin, C | 1 |
| Japa, J; Kardaszewicz, E | 2 |
| Datko, LJ; Kassarich, J; Rosenthale, ME; Schneider, F | 1 |
| Bläker, F; Schäfer, KH; Wallis, H | 1 |
| Baer, I; Nelius, D; Stieglitz, R | 1 |
| Apostoloff, E; Heine, KM; Jendrusch, C; Klatt, R; Stobbe, H | 2 |
| Hiernaux, M; Rorive, G | 1 |
| Rassner, G; Wenig, KH | 1 |
| Schuppli, R | 1 |
| Genova, R; Pachiolo, R | 1 |
| Lambermont, J | 1 |
| Katsuta, Y; Matsuo, H | 1 |
| Bariéty, J; Lagrue, G | 1 |
| Muchin, NA; Poljanzewa, LR; Tarejew, EM; Tarejewa, IE | 1 |
| Perrot, H; Thivolet, J | 1 |
| Bläker, F; Schäfer, KH | 1 |
| Dostal, G; Hermann, G; Sesterhenn, K | 1 |
| Atkinson, MR; Chalmers, AH; Donaldson, G; Murray, AW | 1 |
| Makulu, DR; Wright, P | 1 |
| Helbig, W; Müldner, J; Schwenke, H | 1 |
| Israel, HL; Patchefsky, AS | 1 |
| Gross, D | 1 |
| Leung, FC; Vas, SI | 1 |
| Giangrande, A; Taglioretti, D | 1 |
| Mistilis, SP | 1 |
| Gluckman, MI; Rosenthale, ME | 1 |
| Kluthe, R; Oechslen, D; Sarre, H | 1 |
| Martin, H; Ristow, W | 1 |
| Ludwiczak, H; Oknińska, A; Serejska, E; Szotowa, W; Zeligowska, J | 1 |
| Franken, FH | 1 |
| Goldstein, MA; Sherman, LA; Sise, HS | 1 |
| Rowecka-Trzebicka, K; Wojnarowski, M; Wyszyńska, T | 1 |
| Bodalski, J; Margolis, A; Michalak, A; Nowak, S | 1 |
| Nack, P; Schimmelpfennig, W; Schneider, G; Theuer, D; Wagner, K; Zimmermann, HB | 1 |
| Brass, H | 1 |
| Hays, EF; Vredevoe, DL | 1 |
| Goldstein, G; Mackay, IR; Wall, AJ | 1 |
| Arter, WJ; Blackburn, CR; Perkins, KW | 1 |
| Arter, WJ; Blackburn, CR; Perkns, KW | 1 |
| Shapovalova, SP; Shorin, VA | 1 |
| Field, EJ | 1 |
| Jacquillat, C; Meshaka, G; Sultan, Y | 1 |
| Adams, DA; Gordon, A; Maxwell, MH | 1 |
| Sleisenger, MH | 1 |
| Korelitz, BI; Present, DH | 3 |
| Lennard, L; Maddocks, JL | 1 |
| Auer, IO | 1 |
| Collis, CH | 1 |
| Elion, GB; Klein, C; Medzihradsky, JL | 1 |
| Malchow, H | 1 |
| Phang, JM; Yeh, GC | 1 |
| Woolley, PV | 1 |
| Carpenter, CB; Strom, TB | 1 |
| Bencze, G; Csillik, B; Mihály, A; Pór, I | 1 |
| Schellekens, PT; Ten Berge, RJ | 1 |
| Beris, P; Miescher, PA | 1 |
| Elion, GB; Hollowell, RP; Medzihradsky, JL | 1 |
| Schmid, BP | 1 |
| Corston, R; Watts, GF | 1 |
| Dalke, AP; Kazmers, IS; Kelley, WN | 1 |
| Gelb, A; Zalusky, R | 1 |
| Land, W; Schilling, A; von Meyer, L; Wypior, HJ | 1 |
| Calne, RY | 2 |
| Brennan, MF; Devereux, DF; Shamberger, RC | 1 |
| Grefberg, N; Hartvig, P; Lindström, B; Lönnerholm, G; Odlind, B | 1 |
| Kinoshita, T; Otsuki, Y; Tsutsumi, K | 1 |
| Jonkers, RE; Oosterhuis, B; ten Berge, RJ; van Boxtel, CJ | 1 |
| Brooks, RJ; Dorr, RT; Durie, BG | 1 |
| Epifanova, OI; Loginov, BV; Makarova, GF | 1 |
| Kern, F; Mallory, A | 1 |
| Caprioli, RM; Floyd, M; Jessup, K; Kahan, BD; Lin, SN; van Buren, CT; Wang, TP | 1 |
| Fossati, C | 1 |
| Salaman, JR | 1 |
| Lennard-Jones, JE | 1 |
| Kanoh, T; Uchino, H | 1 |
| McDonald, CJ | 1 |
| Otterness, IG | 1 |
| Fletcher, L; Maddocks, JL | 1 |
| Karp, LE; Williamson, RA | 1 |
| Chang, L; Mattison, DR; Shiromizu, K; Thorgeirsson, SS | 1 |
| Cabbat, FS; Heikkila, RE | 1 |
| Shapkina, AV | 1 |
| Barbanel, C; Beaune, P; Frappier, J; Kreis, H; Legendre, C; Soria-Royer, C | 1 |
| Beaune, P; Kreis, H; Legendre, C; Mircheva, J; Soria-Royer, C; Thervet, E | 1 |
| Chevet, D; Escousse, A; Mousson, C; Rifle, G; Sgro, C; Zanetta, G | 1 |
| Szumlanski, CL; Weinshilboum, RM | 1 |
| Astier, A; Autegarden, JE; Godeau, B; Leynadier, F; Paul, M; Schaeffer, A | 1 |
| Chevet, D; Duperray, F; Escousse, A; Mounier, J; Mousson, C; Rifle, G; Santona, L; Tanter, Y; Zanetta, G | 1 |
| Anglade, E; Whitcup, SM | 1 |
| Anstey, A | 1 |
| Fick, GH; May, GR; Pearson, DC; Sutherland, LR | 1 |
| Gibson, LE; Snow, JL | 1 |
| Bilski, P; Chignell, CF; Moore, DE; Reszka, KJ; Sik, RH | 1 |
| Stark, ME; Tremaine, WJ | 1 |
| van Hogezand, RA | 1 |
| Bernstein, CN; Shanahan, F | 2 |
| George, J; Kornbluth, A; Sachar, DB | 1 |
| Bulaeva, NN; Dukhanin, AS; Erina, TA; Semeĭkin, AV; Sergeev, PV; Stankevich, LI | 1 |
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| Abreu, L; Algaba, A; Benito, LM; Bermejo, F; Bujanda, L; Cabriada, JL; Calvo, M; Cara, C; Carneros, JA; Carpio, D; Casellas, F; Esteve, M; Froilan, C; García-Fernández, FJ; García-Sánchez, V; Ginard, D; Gisbert, JP; González-Lama, Y; López-Sanromán, A; Manceñido, N; Maté, J; McNicholl, AG; Merino, O; Muñoz, C; Pajares, R; Ricart, E; Velasco, M; Vera, MI | 1 |
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| Balogh, M; David, G; Erdelyi, Z; Golovics, PA; Horvath, A; Kiss, LS; Komaromi, E; Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL; Lovasz, BD; Mester, G; Molnar, C; Pandur, T; Szathmari, M; Szipocs, I; Veres, G | 1 |
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| Barclay, ML; Chin, P; Sies, CW; van Egmond, R; Zhang, M | 1 |
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| McCabe, RP; Min, MX; Weinberg, DI | 1 |
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| Andrews, JM; Bampton, PA; Bell, SJ; Brown, SJ; Connell, WR; De Cruz, P; Debinski, H; Desmond, PV; Elliott, PR; Florin, TH; Gearry, RB; Gibson, PR; Gorelik, A; Hamilton, AL; Johnston, MJ; Kamm, MA; Krejany, EO; Kronborg, I; Lawrance, IC; Leong, RW; Liew, D; Macrae, FA; Prideaux, L; Radford-Smith, G; Ritchie, KJ; Selby, W; Sparrow, M; Woods, R | 1 |
| Cecil, E; Chhaya, V; Curcin, V; Majeed, A; Pollok, RC; Saxena, S; Subramanian, V | 1 |
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| Bouma, G; de Boer, NK; Kreijne, JE; Mulder, CJ; Seinen, ML; van Bodegraven, AA; Wilhelm, AJ | 1 |
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| Goldberg, R; Irving, PM | 1 |
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| Ansari, A; Duley, J; Florin, T; Nelson-Piercy, C; Sheikh, M | 1 |
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| Asher, R; Collins, P; Dibb, M; Jackson, R; Kneebone, A; Poon, SS; Probert, C; Subramanian, S | 1 |
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| Coenen, MJ; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Franke, B; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Klungel, OH; Newman, WG; Peters, WH; Scheffer, H; te Morsche, RH; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, AL; Vermeulen, SH; Wong, DR | 1 |
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| Bouma, G; de Boer, NK; Meijer, B | 1 |
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| de Boer, NK; Leijte, NN; Meijer, B; Mulder, CJ; Seinen, ML; van Bodegraven, AA | 1 |
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| de Boer, NK; Meijer, B; Mulder, CJ | 1 |
| Almog, R; Bar-Yoseph, H; Ben-Horin, S; Billiet, T; Chowers, Y; Dotan, I; Ungar, B; Vermeire, S; Waterman, M; Yanai, H | 1 |
| Ashavaid, TF; Desai, D; Paradkar, M; Shah, SA | 1 |
| Afif, W; AlYafi, M; Benmassaoud, A; Bessissow, T; Bitton, A; Theoret, Y; Xie, X | 1 |
| Friedman, S; Larsen, MD; Magnussen, B; Nørgård, BM | 1 |
| de Boer, NK; Mulder, CJ; Seinen, ML; van Bezu, J; van Bodegraven, AA; van Nieuw Amerongen, GP | 1 |
| Borowiec, A; Dadlez, M; Hryniewiecka, E; Jazwiec, R; Paczek, L; Samborowska, E; Tszyrsznic, W; Zegarska, J; Zochowska, D | 1 |
| Aum, S; Cheon, JH; Eun, S; Jung, ES; Kakuta, Y; Kim, HS; Kim, WH; Lee, J; Lee, JH; Lee, MG; Ma, M; Naito, T; Park, J; Park, KS; Park, SJ; Rüther, U; Yeo, GSH | 1 |
| Atreya, I; Neurath, MF | 1 |
| Björnsson, ES; Chalasani, N; Gu, J; Hayashi, PH; Hoofnagle, JH; Kleiner, DE | 1 |
| Affronti, M; Cottone, M; Di Salvo, A; Dimarco, M; Fabiano, C; Macaluso, FS; Mannara, V; Orlando, A | 1 |
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| Cosnes, J; Froehlich, F; Juillerat, P; Kessler-Brondolo, V; Michetti, P; Mottet, C; Rogler, G; Schoepfer, AM; Seibold, F; Vavricka, SR | 1 |
| Ghazi, LJ; Latushko, A | 1 |
| Chande, N; MacDonald, JK; Parker, CE; Townsend, CM | 1 |
| Aicart, M; Algaba, A; Bermejo San José, F; Bonillo, D; de Lucas, M; Garrido, E; Guerra, I; Hernández-Tejero, M; López Durán, S; López Sanromán, A | 1 |
| Brown, ST; Cameron, DW; Greenstein, RJ | 1 |
| Abitbol, V; Amiot, A; Chaussade, S; Coriat, R; Galéano-Cassaz, C; Lahmek, P; Nahon, S; Prieux-Klotz, C; Sinayoko, L | 1 |
| Bar-Gil Shitrit, A; Ben-Horin, S; Chowers, Y; Eliakim, R; Engel, T; Fudim, E; Kopylov, U; Lang, A; Paul, S; Picard, O; Roblin, X; Ungar, B; Williet, N; Yavzori, M | 1 |
| Hameeteman, WH; Jeuring, SF; Jonkers, DM; Liu, LY; Masclee, AA; Oostenbrug, LE; Pierik, MJ; Romberg-Camps, MJ; van den Heuvel, TR; Zeegers, MP | 1 |
| Coenen, MJ; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Engels, LG; Franke, B; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Klungel, OH; Scheffer, H; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, AL; Vermeulen, SH; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Boice, J; Colombel, JF; Cornillie, F; D'Haens, G; Ghosh, S; Hommes, DW; Huang, Z; Huyck, S; Lindgren, S; Panes, J; Prantera, C; Reinisch, W | 1 |
| Axelrad, JE; Korelitz, B; Lawlor, G; Lichtiger, S; Roy, A | 1 |
| Chao, K; Gao, X; Hu, P; Huang, Z; Li, M; Tang, J; Zhi, M | 1 |
| Alexakis, C; Cecil, E; Chhaya, V; Curcin, V; Pollok, R; Saxena, S | 1 |
| Al-Kali, A; Castro, J; Dueck, A; Ertz-Archambault, N; Finn, L; Foran, J; Gauthier, S; Kelemen, K; Kosiorek, H; Marino, R; Mesa, RA; Palmer, J; Sproat, LZ; Taylor, GE; Tibes, R | 1 |
| Fraser, AG | 1 |
| Cheon, JH; Han, DS; Huh, KC; Hwang, SW; Im, JP; Kim, JH; Kim, JS; Kim, WH; Kim, YH; Kim, YS; Koo, HS; Ye, BD | 1 |
| Aloi, M; Arrigo, S; Barabino, A; Cuzzoni, E; Decorti, G; Favretto, D; Franca, R; Knafelz, D; Martelossi, S; Martinelli, M; Miele, E; Naviglio, S; Romano, C; Stocco, G; Ventura, A | 1 |
| Balis, U; Higgins, PDR; Liu, B; Patel, A; Sauder, K; Segar, S; Stidham, RW; Waljee, AK; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J | 1 |
| Concellón, C; Fernández-Salazar, L; Gómez-Enjuto, S | 1 |
| Alaish, R; Karling, P; Lundgren, D; Suhr, OB; Werner, M | 1 |
| Arguedas, Y; Busquets, D; Casanova, MJ; Fernandez-Bañares, F; Fernández-Salazar, L; Gisbert, JP; Guagnozzi, D; Lucendo, AJ; Pérez-Aisa, A; Piqueras, M; Robles, V; Ruiz-Cerulla, A | 1 |
| Bouma, G; de Boer, NKH; Meijer, B; Mulder, CJJ; van Bodegraven, AA; Wilhelm, AJ | 1 |
| Aliyeva, G; Asadov, C; Mustafayeva, K | 1 |
| Affronti, M; Cottone, M; Dimarco, M; Macaluso, FS; Maida, M; Orlando, A; Orlando, E; Orlando, R; Renna, S; Rizzuto, G; Sapienza, C; Ventimiglia, M | 1 |
| Lord, JD; Shows, DM | 1 |
| Cao, Q; Chao, K; Gao, X; Hu, P; Huang, M; Huang, Y; Huang, Z; Lan, P; Liang, J; Lin, L; Qian, J; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Wu, K; Xue, X; Yang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Bouma, G; de Boer, NKH; Meijer, B; Mulder, CJJ; Seinen, ML; van Bodegraven, AA; van Egmond, R | 1 |
| Khan, SS; Patil, SS | 1 |
| Broekman, MMTJ; Coenen, MJH; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJJ; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Klungel, OH; Scheffer, H; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, ALM; Wanten, GJA; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Dart, RJ; Irving, PM | 1 |
| Christensen, B; Cohen, RD; Gondal, B; Hirsch, A; Rubin, DT; Yarur, AJ | 1 |
| Ben-Horin, S; Chen, BL; Chen, MH; Chen, ZH; Feng, R; Guo, J; He, Y; Luo, XP; Mao, R; Qiu, Y; Song, XM; Zeng, ZR; Zhang, SH | 1 |
| Decorti, G; Favretto, D; Fusco, L; Genova, E; Hofmann, U; Lucafò, M; Marisat, M; Martelossi, S; Pelin, M; Schwab, M; Stocco, G; Taddio, A; Ventura, A | 1 |
| de Silva, P; Friedman, S; Jølving, LR; Larsen, MD; Magnussen, B; Nørgård, BM | 1 |
| Esaki, M; Hibi, T; Hisamatsu, T; Ishida, T; Kanai, T; Kato, S; Matsui, T; Matsumoto, T; Motoya, S; Nagahori, M; Naito, Y; Nakagawa, T; Nakase, H; Nojima, M; Suzuki, Y; Watanabe, K; Watanabe, M; Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Broekman, MMTJ; Coenen, MJH; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJJ; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Klungel, OH; Scheffer, H; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, ALM; Wanten, GJ; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Bruijnzeel-Koomen, CAF; de Bruin-Weller, MS; de Graaf, M; Garritsen, FM; van den Broek, MPH; van der Schaft, J; van Schaik, RH | 1 |
| Candia, R; Naimark, D; Nguyen, GC; Sander, B | 1 |
| de Boer, NKH; Meijer, B; Mulder, CJJ; Simsek, M; van Bodegraven, AA | 1 |
| Ertz-Archambault, N; Kosiorek, H; Tibes, R | 1 |
| de Boer, NKH; Meijer, B | 2 |
| Kim, JH; Kim, JW | 1 |
| de Boer, NKH; Simsek, M | 1 |
| Bouvy, ML; Broekman, MMTJ; Coenen, MJH; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJJ; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Kievit, W; Klungel, OH; Scheffer, H; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, ALM; Wanten, GJ; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Bruijnzeel-Koomen, CAF; De Bruin-Weller, MS; de Graaf, M; Garritsen, FM; Hijnen, DJ; van den Broek, MPH; van der Schaft, J | 1 |
| Ainsworth, MA; Brynskov, J; Mogensen, DV; Nersting, J; Schmiegelow, K; Steenholdt, C | 1 |
| Guerra Romero, A; López Serrano, P; Pérez Calle, JL | 1 |
| Kakuta, Y; Kinouchi, Y; Shimosegawa, T | 1 |
| Jahnsen, J; Jørgensen, KK; Kvien, TK; Lundin, KE; Olsen, IC | 1 |
| Gearry, RB; Willington, AJ | 1 |
| Broekman, MMTJ; de Jong, DJ; Wanten, GJ | 1 |
| Marques, R; Marques-Neves, C; Pinto Medeiros, J; Sousa, FC | 1 |
| D'Haens, GR; de Boer, NK; Löwenberg, M; van Gennep, S | 1 |
| Choi, J; Jee, JG; Lee, YM | 1 |
| Atreya, I; Barclay, ML; Beaugerie, L; Colombel, JF; de Boer, NKH; Jharap, B; Lopez, A; Marinaki, AM; Meijer, B; Neurath, MF; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Sanderson, JD; van Bodegraven, AA | 1 |
| Blackwell, J; Pollok, RC; Saxena, S | 1 |
| Anlar, B; Baumann, M; Ciccarelli, O; Deiva, K; Forsyth, R; Ganelin-Cohen, E; Hacohen, Y; Hemingway, C; Hennes, EM; Hintzen, R; Jurynczyk, M; Kalser, J; Konuskan, B; Lechner, C; Leite, MI; Lim, M; Marignier, R; Maurey, H; Neuteboom, R; Palace, J; Poulat, AL; Rostásy, K; Wassmer, E; Wong, YY; Wright, S | 1 |
| Kandolf-Sekulović, L; Mijušković, Ž; Milenković, Z; Pecelj-Broćić, T; Tarabar, D; Tarabar, O; Tatomirović, Ž | 1 |
| Budić, I; Djordjević, J; Djurić, Z; Pavlović, V; Šaranac, L | 1 |
| Aguas, M; Bermejo, F; Chaparro, M; Domènech, E; Echarri, A; García-Planella, E; Gisbert, JP; Guerra, I; López-Sanromán, A | 1 |
| Cui, L; Cui, X; Guo, Y; He, H; Huang, Z; Liu, C; Mei, Z; Song, J; Wang, G; Wen, D; Wu, T; Xu, W; Zhu, Y; Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Baert, FJ; Benninga, MA; Caenepeel, P; D'Haens, GR; De Vos, M; Hoekman, DR; Hommes, DW; Stibbe, JA; Vergauwe, P; Vermeire, SA | 1 |
| Bampton, P; Barclay, ML; Brown, SJ; Chung, A; Friedman, AB; Gibson, PR; Hanauer, SB; Macrae, FA; McKenzie, J; Reynolds, J; Sparrow, MP | 1 |
| Barclay, ML; Mulder, CJ; Munnig-Schmidt, E; Zhang, M | 1 |
| Boyle, B; Bricker, J; Crandall, W; Dotson, JL; Kim, SC; Maltz, R; Serpico, MR | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Eriksson, C; Halfvarson, J; Montgomery, S; Rundquist, S | 1 |
| Beukers, R; Bouma, G; Brink, MA; de Boer, NKH; de Boer, SY; de Vries, AC; den Hartog, B; Dijkstra, G; Gilissen, LP; Hoentjen, F; Jansen, JM; Meijer, B; Mulder, CJJ; Naber, TH; Oldenburg, B; Ramsoekh, D; Simsek, M; Steinhauser, T; van der Meulen, AE; van der Wouden, EJ; Verhagen, MA | 1 |
| Andrews, JM; Baird, A; Bampton, P; Barclay, ML; Bell, SJ; Gearry, RB; Grafton, R; Halliwell, J; Jones, GT; Kennedy, MA; Krishnaprasad, K; Lawrance, IC; McHugh, PC; Prosser, R; Radford-Smith, G; Roberts, RL; Seinen, ML; Simms, LA; Studd, C; van Bodegraven, AA; van Rij, AM; Wallace, MC | 1 |
| Friedman, AB; Sparrow, MP | 1 |
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| Bungum, M; Christensen, LA; Cordelli, E; Grosen, A; Hvas, CL; Julsgaard, M; Kelsen, J; Larsen, PB; Leter, G; Nersting, J; Schmiegelow, K; Spanò, M | 1 |
| Dubinsky, MC; Norris, E; Spencer, E; Williams, C | 1 |
| Andoh, A; Araki, H; Endo, K; Hanai, H; Hiraoka, S; Hisamatsu, T; Hokari, R; Ikeya, K; Ishiguro, Y; Kakuta, Y; Kawai, Y; Kinouchi, Y; Kobayashi, T; Masamune, A; Matsumoto, T; Miura, M; Mizuno, S; Moroi, R; Motoya, S; Naganuma, M; Nagasaki, M; Naito, T; Nakagawa, S; Nakagawa, T; Nakamura, S; Nakase, H; Nishida, A; Okamoto, D; Onodera, K; Sakuraba, H; Sasaki, M; Shiga, H; Shimosegawa, T; Shinozaki, M; Suzuki, Y; Takagawa, T; Takahara, M; Toyonaga, T; Yanai, S | 1 |
| Krijt, J; Pavelcova, K; Petru, L; Stiburkova, B | 1 |
| Bohn Thomsen, S; Gluud, LL; Kiszka-Kanowitz, M; Mertz Nielsen, A; Theede, K | 1 |
| Dokupilová, S; Lučeničová, J; Mikuš, P; Mikušová, V; Pecher, D; Peppelenbosch, M; Zelinková, Z | 1 |
| Canonico, PL; Cargnin, S; Genazzani, AA; Terrazzino, S | 1 |
| Albillos, A; Lopez-Sanroman, A; Mesonero Gismero, F; Ríos León, R; Sánchez Rodríguez, E | 1 |
| Bakker, CM; Bloemena, E; Bouma, G; de Boer, NKH; de Boer, YS; Drenth, JPH; Inderson, A; Mulder, CJJ; Tan, ACITL; Ter Borg, F; Ter Borg, MJ; Tushuizen, ME; van den Brand, FF; van den Hazel, SJ; van Nieuwkerk, CMJ; Verwer, BJ; Vrolijk, JM | 1 |
| Greenley, RN; Miller, SA; Plevinsky, JM; Wojtowicz, AA | 1 |
| Ben-Horin, S; Chen, MH; Chowers, Y; Eliakim, R; Fudim, E; Gueta, I; Kopylov, U; Loebstein, R; Mao, R; Markovits, N; Peled, Y; Picard, O; Ungar, B; Van Assche, G; Yavzori, M | 1 |
| Leong, RW | 1 |
| Hanauer, SB; Lichtenstein, GR; Sandborn, WJ | 1 |
| Bolia, R; Hardikar, W; Rajanayagam, J | 1 |
| Dassopoulos, T; Johnson, CM | 1 |
| Ecevit, Ç; Erdemir, G; Hekimci, H; Karakoyun, M; Kıran Taşçı, E; Özgenç, F | 1 |
| Dai, SX; Huang, SZ; Huang, XW; Li, L; Liao, WX; Liu, ZC; Wei, JX; Xia, YH; Yang, C; Ye, C | 1 |
| Antillon-Klussmann, FG; Caudle, KE; Evans, WE; Kato, M; Klein, TE; Moyer, AM; Pui, CH; Relling, MV; Schmiegelow, K; Schwab, M; Stein, CM; Suarez-Kurtz, G; Whirl-Carrillo, M; Yang, JJ; Yeoh, AEJ | 1 |
| Frick, S; Jetter, A; Kullak-Ublick, GA; Müller, D | 1 |
| Coenen, MJH; De Jong, D; Derijks, L; Franke, B; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, P; Kievit, W; Scheffer, H; Sluiter, RL; Van der Wilt, GJ; Van Marrewijk, C; Verbeek, ALM; Vermeulen, SH; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Adler, J; Eder, SJ; Kandavel, P; Newman, NE; Waljee, AK; Whitfield, EP | 1 |
| Eom, DW; Lee, JH; Oh, MY; Park, WJ; Yeo, NK | 1 |
| Ahmad, T; Bewshea, C; Bouri, S; Chanchlani, N; Cummings, JRF; Gaya, DR; Goodhand, JR; Green, HD; Hamilton, B; Hart, AL; Heap, GA; Heerasing, NM; Hendy, P; Irving, PM; Kennedy, NA; Lees, CW; Lin, S; Lindsay, J; Mansfield, JC; McDonald, TJ; McGovern, D; Nice, R; Parkes, M; Perry, MH; Russell, RK; Sebastian, S; Selinger, CP; Thomas, A; Walker, GJ | 1 |
| Alzghari, SK; Caudle, KE; Koutsilieri, S; Monte, AA; Patrinos, GP; Relling, MV | 1 |
| Figueroa Corona, C; Flores Pérez, L; Ibáñez Lazo, P; Quera Pino, R; Sedano Muñoz, R | 1 |
| Akiyama, S; Arai, M; Fujii, T; Fukuda, K; Hamada, S; Hashiguchi, M; Hisamatsu, T; Iwao, Y; Kanai, T; Kiyohara, H; Matsuoka, K; Mizuno, S; Mochizuki, M; Motobayashi, M; Nagahori, M; Naganuma, M; Nanki, K; Ogata, H; Ohtsuka, K; Saito, E; Shimizu, M; Sugimoto, S; Suzuki, K; Takenaka, K; Watanabe, M | 1 |
| Asseri, AA; Daines, CL; Zeng, Y | 1 |
| Chang, JY; Cheon, JH | 1 |
| Albertoni, L; Barberio, B; Ghisa, M; Gubbiotti, A; Savarino, E | 1 |
| Akobeng, AK; Gjuladin-Hellon, T; Gordon, M; Iheozor-Ejiofor, Z | 1 |
| Argüelles, F; Arias, L; Calafat, M; Calvet, X; Calvo, M; Cañete, F; Cimavilla, M; de Francisco, R; Domènech, E; García-López, S; Garcia-Planella, E; Gisbert, JP; Gomollón, F; Iglesias, E; Mañosa, M; Martín-Arranz, MD; Martínez-Cadilla, J; Mesonero, F; Mínguez, M; Nos, P; Ricart, E; Rivero, M; Rodríguez-Moranta, F; Taxonera, C; Zabana, Y | 1 |
| Chang, JY; Cheon, JH; Chun, J; Jung, ES; Jung, SA; Kim, ES; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Moon, CM; Park, JJ; Park, SJ; Park, Y | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Cong, Y; Dong, L; Omar, D | 1 |
| Bronsky, J; Hradsky, O; Karaskova, E; Lerchova, T; Mihal, V; Potuznikova, K; Siroka, J; Spenerova, M; Urbanek, L; Velganova-Veghova, M | 1 |
| Arenas-Hernandez, M; Marinaki, AM | 1 |
| Alsous, MM; Hawwa, AF; McElnay, JC | 1 |
| Gevers, TJ; Pape, S; Schramm, C | 1 |
| Barisone, E; Biondi, A; Colombini, A; Decorti, G; Del Rizzo, I; Fagioli, F; Favretto, D; Franca, R; Giurici, N; Locatelli, F; Martellossi, S; Pelin, M; Rabusin, M; Stocco, G; Ventura, A; Vinti, L | 1 |
| Chan, W; Chen, S; Chowbay, B; Chuah, SW; Khor, CC; Kong, CSC; Lee, SS; Leong, WF; Lim, C; Lim, WC; Ling, KL; Schwender, BJ; Shim, HH; Sutiman, N; Tan, WZ; Tjai, M; Wang, C | 1 |
| Cha, JM; Hong, SN; Im, JP; Jang, J; Jeong, SK; Kim, JH; Kim, JS; Kim, KH; Kim, SH; Kim, YH; Kim, YK; Lee, JH; Park, H; Park, SH; Park, SY; Rhee, KH; Seo, SI; Suh, SO; Yang, SK; Ye, BD; Yoon, H | 1 |
| Hibi, T; Kobayashi, T; Uda, A; Udagawa, E | 1 |
| Harinstein, L; Logan, JK; Muñoz, M; Neuner, R; Sahajwalla, C; Saluja, B; Seymour, S; Wickramaratne Senarath Yapa, S | 1 |
| Beaugerie, L; Buisson, A; Colombel, JF; Gollins, J; Louis, E; Olympie, A; Siegel, CA; Thompson, KD; Walls, D | 1 |
| de Jong, ME; den Broeder, N; Hoentjen, F; Jansen, JM; Römkens, TEH; Russel, MGVM; Smits, LJT; van Ruijven, B; West, RL | 1 |
| Cummings, T; Hardin, JW; Love, BL; Magagnoli, J; Sutton, SS | 1 |
| Alefishat, E; Alsous, MM; Farha, RA; Hawwa, AF; Horne, R; Imrie, C; McElnay, JC; Rwalah, M; Szabo, A | 1 |
| Bermejo, F; Calafat, M; Calvet, X; Cañete, F; Domènech, E; García-López, S; Garcia-Planella, E; Gisbert, JP; Gomollón, F; Guardiola, J; Gutiérrez, A; Hernández, V; Iglesias, E; Mañosa, M; Martín-Arranz, MD; Mesonero, F; Mínguez, M; Monfort, D; Nos, P; Pérez Calle, JL; Ricart, E; Riestra, S; Taxonera, C; Torres, P; Vera, I | 1 |
| Allin, KH; Burisch, J; Gluud, LL; Hansen, S; Jensen, CB; Jess, T; Kiszka-Kanowitz, M; Nielsen, AM; Theede, K; Thomsen, SB | 1 |
| Johnson, R; Lee, HJ; McGee, A; Root, A; Voora, D; Yang, S | 1 |
| Bouma, G; de Boer, NK; de Jong, DJ; de Veer, RC; de Vries, AC; Dijkstra, G; Kreijne, JE; van der Woude, CJ; van Moorsel, SAW; Voskuil, MD; West, R | 1 |
| Czaja, AJ | 1 |
| Çinar, M; Çolak, S; Tekgöz, E; Yilmaz, S | 1 |
| Abbass, M; Cepek, J; Feagan, BG; Jairath, V; Khanna, R; MacDonald, JK; Nguyen, TM; Parker, CE; Townsend, CM | 1 |
| Atia, O; Beeri, R; Ben-Moshe, T; Ledder, O; Lev-Tzion, R; Meyer, EO; Rachmen, Y; Renbaum, P; Shamasneh, I; Shteyer, E; Turner, D | 1 |
| Dhaliwal, A; Dhindsa, BS; Eichele, D; Mashiana, HS; Mubder, M; Ohning, G; Saghir, SM; Sayles, H | 1 |
| Khan, N; Lewis, J; Patel, D; Trivedi, C; Xie, D; Yang, YX | 1 |
| Cadiot, G; Canard, C; Diaz, E; Durlach, A; Graesslin, O; Gusdorf, L; Loget, J; Viguier, M | 1 |
| Benninga, MA; Broekaert, I; Dolinsek, J; Mas, E; Miele, E; Orel, R; Pienar, C; Ribes-Koninckx, C; Thapar, N; Thomassen, RA; Thomson, M; Tzivinikos, C | 1 |
| Afif, W; Balram, B; Bessissow, T; Bitton, A; Lakatos, PL; Lubov, J; Theoret, Y; Wild, G | 1 |
| Abdulahad, WH; Dekkema, G; Heeringa, P; Rutgers, A; Sanders, JS; Stegeman, CA; Veldman, J; von Borstel, A | 1 |
| Digby-Bell, J; Ward, MG | 1 |
| Dawson, L; Gibson, PR; Kariyawasam, VC; Luber, RP; Martin, C; Munari, S; Sparrow, MP; Ward, MG | 1 |
| Anderson, S; Ansari, A; Bayoumy, AB; de Boer, NK; Loganayagam, A; Mulder, CJJ; Nolan, J; Sanderson, JD; Simsek, M; van Liere, ELSA; Warner, B | 1 |
| Esaki, M; Fujioka, S; Fuyuno, Y; Hirano, A; Kawasaki, K; Kitazono, T; Matsuno, Y; Moriyama, T; Torisu, T; Umeno, J; Zeze, K | 1 |
| Kjeldsen, J; Knudsen, T; Larsen, MD; Lund, K; Mertz Nørgård, B; Nielsen, RG | 1 |
| Hep, A; Kianička, B; Kojecký, V; Matouš, J; Zádorová, Z | 1 |
| Hong, YY; Pappas, A; Parkes, M; Qian, W; Raine, T; Shawky, R; Stournaras, E | 1 |
| Beukers, R; Bodelier, A; de Boer, N; de Lima, A; Depla, ACTM; Dijkstra, G; Erler, N; Escher, JC; Gilissen, L; Hoentjen, F; Jansen, JM; Kanis, SL; Kuyvenhoven, J; Mahmmod, N; Mallant-Hent, RC; Modderman, S; Noruzi, A; Oldenburg, B; Oostenbrug, LE; Pierik, M; Romberg-Camps, M; Ter Borg, PCJ; Thijs, W; van der Meulen-de Jong, AE; van der Woude, CJ; van Dijk, ARM; West, R | 1 |
| Brenner, EJ; Colombel, JF; Gearry, RB; Kaplan, GG; Kappelman, MD; Kissous-Hunt, M; Lewis, JD; Ng, SC; Rahier, JF; Reinisch, W; Steinwurz, F; Underwood, FE; Ungaro, RC; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Chowdhury, R; Kane, S | 1 |
| de Boer, A; Egberts, ACG; Houwen, JPA; Houwen, RHJ; Lalmohamed, A; van Maarseveen, EM | 1 |
| Heron, V; Loftus, EV | 1 |
| Villareal, EM; Yarur, AJ | 1 |
| Daniels, A; Gilissen, LPL; Pierik, M; Romberg, M; Steenhuisen, K; Stronkhorst, A; Tajzai, R; Van Bodegraven, A; Wong, D | 1 |
| Baert, F; Bossuyt, P; Buisson, A; D'Haens, G; Laharie, D; Lambrecht, G; Oldenburg, B; Pariente, B; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Rivière, P; Vermeire, S | 1 |
| Chambers, CD; Cohen, RD; Dubinsky, MC; Kane, SV; Long, MD; Mahadevan, U; Roy, A; Sandborn, WJ; Sands, BE | 1 |
| Buiter, HJC; Crouwel, F; de Boer, NKH | 1 |
| Calabrese, G; Castiglione, F; Di Luna, I; Foggia, M; Imperatore, N; Nardone, OM; Patturelli, M; Pellegrini, L; Ricciolino, S; Rispo, A; Testa, A; Tosone, G | 1 |
| Bolia, R; Goel, A; Srivastava, A | 1 |
| Hibi, T; Hisamatsu, T; Ikezaki, O; Kiyohara, H; Kobayashi, T; Kuronuma, S; Matsubayashi, M; Morikubo, H; Nakano, M; Okabayashi, S; Ozaki, R; Sagami, S; Shiba, T; Takeuchi, O; Tanaka, Y | 1 |
| Benninga, MA; Buiter, HJC; de Boer, NKH; de Meij, TGJ; Jagt, JZ; Pothof, CD; van Limbergen, JE; van Wijk, MP | 1 |
| Giraud, EL; Hoentjen, F; Jansen, JM; Jessurun, NT; Römkens, TEH; Russel, MGVM; Thomas, PWA; van Lint, JA; van Puijenbroek, EP; West, RL | 1 |
| Bhatia, P; Jena, A; Jha, DK; Kasudhan, KS; Kumar, A; Kumar-M, P; Mishra, S; Patil, A; Sarwal, D; Sharma, V; Singh, AK | 1 |
| Bronsky, J; Copova, I; Francova, I; Geryk, M; Gonsorcikova, L; Hradsky, O; Karaskova, E; Lerchova, T; Mihal, V; Pospisilova, K; Siroka, J; Urbanek, L; Velganova-Veghova, M; Zarubova, K | 1 |
| Antón, R; Ballester-Ferré, MP; Bosca-Watts, MM; Capilla-Lozano, M; Crespo, A; Gómez-Medina, C; Martí-Aguado, D; Mínguez Pérez, M; Navarro-Cortés, P; Pascual-Moreno, I; Tosca Cuquerella, J | 1 |
| Bi, HC; Chen, BL; Ding, L; Gao, X; Hu, PJ; Huang, L; Huang, M; Liu, H; Lv, C; Wang, XD; Zhang, FB; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Kane, S; Kinnucan, J | 1 |
| Bernatsky, S; Grenier, LP; Kalache, F; Lambert-Fliszar, F; Pineau, CA; Vinet, E | 1 |
| Crespo-Hernández, CE; Hoehn, SJ; Jockusch, S; Ortiz-Rodríguez, LA; Ortiz-Zayas, G; Pollum, M | 1 |
| Baños Arévalo, AJ; Gallardo Sánchez, F; Merino Gallego, E; Miras Lucas, L; Pérez González, Á; Vázquez Rodríguez, JA | 1 |
| Anderson, S; Ansari, AR; Bayoumy, AB; Boekema, PJ; Derijks, LJJ; Loganayagam, A; Mulder, CJJ; Sanderson, JD | 1 |
| Cao, Q; Chao, K; Gao, X; Guo, H; Hu, P; Huang, J; Huang, M; Huang, Y; Li, M; Lin, L; Tang, J; Wang, X; Yang, Q; Ye, L; Zhang, C; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Deben, DS; Drent, R; Leers, MPG; Pelzer, KEJM; Puts, S; van Adrichem, AJ; van Bodegraven, AA; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Decorti, G; Franca, R; Stocco, G; Zudeh, G | 1 |
| Anderson, SHC; Ansari, AR; Bayoumy, AB; de Boer, NKH; Hayee, B; Mateen, BA; Mulder, CJJ; Nolan, JD; van Liere, ELSA; Warner, B | 1 |
| Kim, RB; Mailloux, J; Schwarz, UI; Wang, Q; Wilson, A | 1 |
| Hibi, T; Kobayashi, T; Udagawa, E | 1 |
| Deben, DS; van Bodegraven, AA; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Buiter, HJC; Crouwel, F; de Boer, NK | 1 |
| Bagos, PG; Barba, E; Braliou, GG; Kontou, PI; Michalopoulos, I | 1 |
| Giri, S; Sundaram, S | 1 |
| Cheifetz, AS; Papamichael, K; Sousa Freitas Queiroz, N | 1 |
| Ahuja, V; Das, P; Golla, R; Kante, B; Kedia, S; Kumar, P; Makharia, G; Mundhra, SK; Ranjan, MK; Sahni, P; Sharma, R; Vuyyuru, SK | 1 |
| Fildes, KJ; Goldberg, R; Moore, GT; Rodda, SE; Shelton, E | 1 |
| Andrews, JM; Bampton, P; Barnes, A; Bishara, M; Connor, S; Gounder, M; Grafton, R; Leach, P; Lynch, KD; Mountifield, R; Ng, W; Ooi, SJ; Parthasarathy, N; Sechi, A; van Langenberg, D | 1 |
| Gros, B; Rodríguez-Lago, I | 1 |
| Bus, P; Creemers, RH; de Boer, NKH; Deben, DS; Pierik, MJ; Simsek, M; van Bodegraven, AA; van Moorsel, SAW; Winkens, B; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Bayoumy, AB; Benninga, MA; de Boer, NKH; de Meij, TGJ; de Ridder, L; Hummel, T; Jagt, JZ; Mulder, CJJ; Stapelbroek, J; van Wering, HM; Wolters, VM | 1 |
| Creemers, RH; Deben, DS; Drent, R; Leers, MPG; Merry, AHH; van Adrichem, AJ; van Bodegraven, AA; Wong, DR | 1 |
| Adam de Beaumais, T; Amblard, O; Goldwirt, L; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Martinez Vinson, C; Medard, Y; Petit, A; Simonin, M | 1 |
| Sparrow, MP; Turbayne, AK | 1 |
| Bunea, MC; Diculescu, VC; Enache, TA; Enculescu, M; Oprea, D | 1 |
| Boekema, P; de Boer, N; de Leest, M; Dijkstra, G; Fidder, H; Gisbertz, I; Hoentjen, F; Jharap, B; Kaplan, S; Kubben, F; Meijssen, M; Mulder, CJJ; Petrak, A; Russel, M; Schepers, F; Simsek, M; van Asseldonk, D; van Bodegraven, AA; van Boeckel, P; van de Poel, E | 1 |
| Borrelli, O; Buckingham, R; Chadokufa, S; Cococcioni, L; El-Kouly, S; Gaynor, E; Kiparissi, F; Pensabene, L; Puoti, MG; Saliakellis, E | 1 |
| Biglin, M; Bishehsari, F; Chouhan, V; Francey, L; Hogenesch, J; Jochum, S; Keshavarzian, A; Raff, H; Shaikh, M; Swanson, GR | 1 |
| Fortes, FML; Rocha, R; Santana, GO | 1 |
| de Jong, DJ; den Broeder, N; Hoentjen, F; Jansen, FM; Kreijne, JE; Smits, LJT; Thomas, PWA; van Dop, WA | 1 |
| Chouchana, L; Costedoat-Chalumeau, N; Loriot, MA; Sogni, P; Terris, B; Treluyer, JM | 1 |
| Bayoumy, AB; de Boer, NKH; de Meij, TGJ; Jagt, JZ | 1 |
| de Boer, NKH; Meijer, B; Mulder, CJJ; Neurath, MF; Simsek, M; van Bodegraven, A | 1 |
| Inoue, Y; Ito, Z; Koido, S; Kubota, T; Motoi, Y; Odahara, S; Ohkusa, T; Ohtaki, Y; Saruta, M; Sato, N; Suzuki, S; Takami, S; Uchiyama, K; Yoshii, Y | 1 |
| Covarrubias, N; Estay, C; Miranda, J; Venegas, M; von Muhlenbrock, C | 1 |
| Chen, H; Cui, Z; Fang, JY; Gao, Z; Hong, J; Hu, M; Huang, X; Ma, Y; Ning, L; Tong, T; Wang, Z; Xuan, B; Yan, Y; Zhao, Y; Zhou, YL | 1 |
| Akria, L; Carmiel Haggai, M; Frank Wolf, M; Lowenstein, L; Rimon, E; Sloma, R; Wiener, Y | 1 |
| Atkinson, N; Crews, KR; Li, L; Molinelli, AR | 1 |
307 review(s) available for azathioprine and mercaptopurine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk | 2016 |
Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic chemotherapy: long-term complications.
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Bleomycin; Busulfan; Carcinogens; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Daunorubicin; Doxorubicin; Female; Fetus; Folic Acid Antagonists; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infertility, Female; Infertility, Male; Liver; Lung Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Myocarditis; Neoplasms; Ovary; Pregnancy; Procarbazine; Streptozocin; Testis; Urologic Diseases | 1975 |
[Treatment of autoimmune skin diseases].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Folic Acid Antagonists; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Diseases | 1975 |
Pharmacologic and physical agents. Immunosuppressive agents.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Purines; Rabbits; Time Factors | 1977 |
The action of antitumor agents: a double-edged sword?
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Burkitt Lymphoma; Choriocarcinoma; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Mechlorethamine; Melphalan; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Procarbazine; Time Factors; Vincristine | 1977 |
The effects of azathioprine and 6 MP on immunity.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunity; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine | 1979 |
Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Alkylating Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cromolyn Sodium; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole | 1978 |
Immunosuppressive therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Remission, Spontaneous; Splenectomy; Vinblastine; Vincristine | 1976 |
[Immunodepressants in chronic liver diseases (a review of the literature and the authors' own data)].
Topics: Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Chronic Disease; Denmark; Drug Evaluation; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Placebos; T-Lymphocytes | 1976 |
[Drug therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel disease--reliable standards and new developments].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Sulfasalazine | 1992 |
Maintenance treatment for Crohn's disease: has the time arrived?
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Prednisone; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Sulfasalazine | 1992 |
The clinical pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacogenetics | 1992 |
[Therapeutic alternatives in Crohn disease and in ulcero-hemorrhagic rectocolitis: current findings].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1992 |
[Conservative therapy of ulcerative colitis--long-term experience].
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Prognosis; Sulfasalazine | 1991 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment and Crohn's disease].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Opportunistic Infections | 1991 |
Medical approaches to primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antipruritics; Azathioprine; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Cholestasis; Cholestyramine Resin; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Penicillamine; Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Vitamins | 1991 |
[Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and inflammatory diseases of the intestine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 1990 |
6-Mercaptopurine and other immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1989 |
Regional enteritis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Prednisone; Sulfasalazine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1985 |
Management of medical problems in pregnancy--inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fertility; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Radiography; Sulfasalazine | 1985 |
Current status of drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Sulfasalazine | 1985 |
Immunosuppressant therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacologic and clinical aspects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1987 |
The pharmacology and metabolism of the thiopurine drugs 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; DNA; DNA Replication; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1985 |
Cancer chemotherapy. II.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Azathioprine; Bleomycin; Cytarabine; Dactinomycin; Daunorubicin; Dimethylamines; Doxorubicin; Floxuridine; Fluorouracil; Humans; Hydroxyurea; Imidazoles; Mercaptopurine; Mitomycins; Mitotane; Neoplasms; Nitrosourea Compounds; Pipobroman; Procarbazine; Streptonigrin; Streptozocin; Thioguanine; Triazenes; Triazines; Vinblastine; Vincristine | 1972 |
Drugs and other agents in renal transplantation.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Antineoplastic Agents; Azaserine; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Glucocorticoids; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Radiotherapy; Spleen; Thoracic Duct; Thymectomy; Transplantation, Homologous | 1972 |
Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs in dermatology.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Azauridine; Bleomycin; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Cytarabine; Dactinomycin; Humans; Hydroxyurea; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Procarbazine; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Vinblastine; Vincristine | 1974 |
Immunosuppression and neoplasia. II. Is deficient immunesurveillance the only mechanism by which immunosuppression promotes neoplasia? A speculative review.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antilymphocyte Serum; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Cell Division; Graft vs Host Reaction; Histocompatibility Antigens; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred NZB; Oncogenic Viruses; Procarbazine; Skin Neoplasms; Thymectomy | 1973 |
[Indications for immunosuppressive treatment in kidney diseases of children].
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1969 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy].
Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antilymphocyte Serum; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Steroids; Transplantation Immunology | 1969 |
A review of 23 human lung transplantations by 20 surgeons.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung Diseases; Lung Transplantation; Male; Mediastinum; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Prednisolone; Respiration; Respiratory Insufficiency; Thymus Gland; Time Factors; Tissue Donors; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1970 |
Cytotoxic drugs in treatment of nonmalignant diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hepatitis; Humans; Immune Complex Diseases; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nephrotic Syndrome; Ophthalmia, Sympathetic; Psoriasis; Thioguanine; Uveitis | 1972 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminopterin; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Penicillamine | 1971 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment in neurological disorders].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Multiple Sclerosis; Myasthenia Gravis; Polyradiculopathy; Thymectomy | 1973 |
[Immunodepressors in ophthalmology].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Chlorambucil; Choroiditis; Corneal Transplantation; Deafness; Eye Diseases; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Meningoencephalitis; Mercaptopurine; Multiple Sclerosis; Ophthalmia, Sympathetic; Postoperative Care; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Hemorrhage; Uveitis | 1971 |
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Cell Survival; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Kinetics; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Splenectomy; Thioguanine | 1974 |
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia.
Topics: Aged; Agglutination Tests; Alkaloids; Alkylating Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Examination; Clot Retraction; Complement Fixation Tests; Cytarabine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fluorouracil; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prothrombin Time; Thrombocytopenia; Tranquilizing Agents; Vinblastine; Vincristine | 1972 |
Cytotoxic agents in childhood glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Adult; Agranulocytosis; Animals; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Fertility; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisolone; Rats; Remission, Spontaneous | 1972 |
Immunosuppressive therapy. 1.
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Factor VIII; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisolone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Scleroderma, Systemic | 1972 |
Treatment of chronic hepatitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Blood Proteins; Chronic Disease; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Rest; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Time Factors | 1972 |
[Organ transplantation and the immune phenomenon].
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Body Fluids; Depression, Chemical; Histocompatibility; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Thyroid Gland; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1968 |
Late medical complications of renal transplantation.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Allopurinol; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Bone Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Synergism; Duodenal Ulcer; Embolism, Fat; Glomerulonephritis; Histocompatibility; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Transplantation; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Pancreatitis; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Phenylbutazone; Postoperative Complications; Proteinuria; Transplantation, Homologous | 1969 |
[Immunosuppresive effects of purine antimetabolites].
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine; Transplantation Immunology | 1969 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisolone; Pregnancy | 1969 |
[Immunopathology of chronic hepatitis and results of therapy with cytostatics].
Topics: Animals; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Nucleus; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats | 1969 |
[Antirheumatics. 40].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Rheumatic Diseases | 1969 |
Active chronic hepatitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; False Positive Reactions; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Mercaptopurine | 1970 |
Therapeutics. XI. Immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pemphigus; Skin Diseases | 1970 |
Therapeutic considerations in selected forms of acute and chronic liver disease.
Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Alcoholism; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chronic Disease; Cortisone; Diet Therapy; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Halothane; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Antigens; Hospitalization; Humans; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Malabsorption Syndromes; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Prognosis; Pruritus | 1971 |
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cytotoxic and antimetabolic drugs.
Topics: Alopecia; Aminopterin; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chlorambucil; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cystitis; Female; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Jaundice; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1970 |
Therapeutics. XV. The management of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Intestinal Perforation; Intussusception; Kidney Diseases; Laparotomy; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Purpura | 1971 |
[Antimetabolites].
Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Cell Division; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytarabine; DNA, Neoplasm; Fluorouracil; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Neoplasms; Pyrimidines; Thioguanine | 1971 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in severe rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Penicillamine | 1971 |
[Immunosuppressive agents].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Antigens; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; DNA; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lethal Dose 50; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Transplantation Immunology | 1971 |
Chemotherapy and comparative biochemistry: G. H. A. Clowes memorial lecture.
Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Binding Sites; Drug Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Enzyme Precursors; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Lactobacillus; Leukemia, Myeloid; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Molecular Weight; Neoplasms; Nucleic Acids; Proteus; Purines; Research; Species Specificity; Thymine; Transferases; Uric Acid; Xanthine Oxidase | 1969 |
[Treatment of chronic diseases of connective tissue by cytostatic drugs].
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thiotepa; Triaziquone | 1970 |
[Pulmonary hemorrhage with glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture's syndrome)].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease; Azathioprine; Edetic Acid; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Renal Dialysis | 1969 |
Lung damage from cytotoxic drugs.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Bleomycin; Busulfan; Carmustine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Lung; Melphalan; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mitomycins; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Pneumonia; Procarbazine; Radiation Injuries | 1980 |
Hepatic and pancreatic damage produced by cytotoxic drugs.
Topics: Aminoacridines; Amsacrine; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Dacarbazine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Intercalating Agents; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nitrosourea Compounds; Pancreas; Plicamycin; Procarbazine; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; Streptozocin | 1983 |
Immunosuppressive therapy for renal transplantation.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interleukin-2; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Mercaptopurine; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory | 1984 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antilymphocyte Serum; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Colchicine; Cyclosporins; Danazol; Female; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Levamisole; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Multiple Sclerosis; Pregnancy | 1984 |
The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on wound healing.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anemia; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Collagen; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxorubicin; Fluorouracil; Humans; Leukopenia; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Neoplasms; Tensile Strength; Thiotepa; Time Factors; Wound Healing | 1981 |
Drug-induced pancreatitis: a critical review.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amphetamines; Asparaginase; Azathioprine; Chlorthalidone; Cholestyramine Resin; Cimetidine; Cyproheptadine; Dextropropoxyphene; Diazoxide; Diuretics; Estrogens; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Histamine; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Indomethacin; Isoniazid; Mercaptopurine; Narcotics; Pancreatitis; Phenformin; Procainamide; Rifampin; Salicylates; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline | 1980 |
[Therapy of chronic progessive hepatitis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Penicillamine; Succinates; Vitamins | 1980 |
Pharmacological immunosuppressive agents.
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Steroids; Tissue Donors; Transplantation, Homologous | 1981 |
[Non-specific immunosuppressive methods and their problems].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; DNA; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; T-Lymphocytes | 1981 |
The uses of systemic chemotherapeutic agents in psoriasis.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Anthralin; Azathioprine; Azauridine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Humans; Hydroxyurea; Mercaptopurine; Mustard Compounds; Mycophenolic Acid; Psoriasis | 1981 |
Immunosuppressive therapy of inflammatory bowel disease: a historical perspective.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications | 1995 |
The diagnosis and management of uveitis.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Uveitis | 1995 |
Azathioprine in dermatology: a review in the light of advances in understanding methylation pharmacogenetics.
Topics: Azathioprine; Counseling; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous | 1995 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn disease. A meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Intestinal Fistula; Mercaptopurine; Odds Ratio; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction | 1995 |
A pharmacogenetic basis for the safe and effective use of azathioprine and other thiopurine drugs in dermatologic patients.
Topics: Alleles; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Skin Diseases | 1995 |
Maintenance of symptomatic remission in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Sulfasalazine | 1993 |
Medical management of patients with difficult-to-treat inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Metronidazole | 1994 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction | 1994 |
Review article: immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1993 |
A review of immune modifier therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate.
Topics: Algorithms; Azathioprine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1996 |
Effects of immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infertility, Female; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rheumatic Diseases | 1995 |
Newer treatments for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena | 1996 |
Immunosuppressive treatment for refractory ulcerative colitis--where do we stand and where are we going?
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interleukin-10; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1997 |
Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis during pregnancy.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antidiarrheals; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sulfasalazine | 1997 |
Azathioprine: state of the art in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Half-Life; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Odds Ratio; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 1998 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1998 |
Clinical implications of thiopurine methyltransferase--optimization of drug dosage and potential drug interactions.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Purines; Thioguanine | 1998 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of ulcerative colitis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Cytokines; Depression, Chemical; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Tacrolimus | 1999 |
Azathioprine for maintaining remission of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Prodrugs | 2000 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for inducing remission of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction | 2000 |
[Use of immunosuppressors in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Recurrence; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors | 1999 |
Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Osteoporosis; Pharmacogenetics | 2000 |
Medical therapies for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antimetabolites; Appendectomy; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mycophenolic Acid; Remission Induction | 2000 |
Frequency of use and standards of care for the use of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature and a survey of Canadian gastroenterologists.
Topics: Azathioprine; Canada; Drug Utilization; Gastroenterology; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Practice Patterns, Physicians' | 2001 |
Genetic polymorphism and outcomes with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Treatment Outcome | 2000 |
[Guidelines of the DGVS. Chronic active course. German Society of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases].
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Steroids; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
New developments in the immunosuppressive drug monitoring of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Tacrolimus; Time Factors | 2001 |
Conventional treatment of Crohn's disease: objectives and outcomes.
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Quality of Life; Recurrence; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
Approach to corticosteroid-dependent and corticosteroid-refractory Crohn's disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Etanercept; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Thalidomide; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
Review article: the risk of lymphoma associated with inflammatory bowel disease and immunosuppressive treatment.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Epidemiologic Studies; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2001 |
Azathioprine for atopic dermatitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
Review article: the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; DNA Damage; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Killer Cells, Natural; Lactation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors | 2001 |
Management of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease: antibiotic to antibody.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colonic Diseases; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Intestinal Fistula; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Rectal Fistula; Thalidomide | 2001 |
Review article: Immunosuppressants in distal ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Recent advances in the pharmacogenomics of thiopurine methyltransferase.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Thioguanine | 2001 |
Review article: monitoring for drug side-effects in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Creatinine; Drug Monitoring; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 2002 |
Review article: maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Remission Induction | 2002 |
Immunosuppressants and operation in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Proctocolectomy, Restorative | 2002 |
[Individualized therapy with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine by monitoring thiopurine methyl-transferase (TPMT) activity].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype | 2002 |
Advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Azathioprine and anti-TNF alpha therapies in Crohn's disease: a review of pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2003 |
[Conservative therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases].
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Prednisolone; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sulfasalazine | 2002 |
[Therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases with azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine. Clinico-pharmacologic aspects].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioguanine | 2003 |
Thiopurine therapy: when to start and when to stop.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications | 2003 |
Optimizing treatment with thioguanine derivatives in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2003 |
[Management of ulcerative colitis].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anemia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Pouches; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cyclosporins; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Injections, Intravenous; Interferons; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Osteoporosis; Placebos; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Risk Factors; Suppositories; Time Factors | 2003 |
Inflammatory bowel disease: management issues during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Contraindications; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; MEDLINE; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome | 2004 |
[Auto-immune hepatitis: therapeutic management].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Risk Factors; Steroids; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
[THE PRESENT STATUS OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION].
Topics: Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Purines; Radiation Effects; Research; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Heterologous; Transplantation, Homologous; Twins | 1964 |
Pharmacogenomics of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in gastroenterologic therapy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Genetic Testing; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Relevance of thiopurine methyltransferase status in rheumatology patients receiving azathioprine.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Erythrocytes; Genotype; Humans; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2004 |
Optimizing immunomodulator therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Safety of thiopurines in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Ulcerative colitis: conservative management and long-term effects.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporins; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Interferon-beta; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Pilot Projects; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Pharmacogenetics and inflammatory bowel disease: progress and prospects.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Forecasting; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pharmacogenetics; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Pharmacogenomics and IBD: TPMT and thiopurines.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inosine Triphosphatase; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pyrophosphatases | 2004 |
General principles of medical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Quality of Life | 2004 |
Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2004 |
Medical management of severe ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Decision Trees; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Severity of Illness Index | 2004 |
Medical management of the pregnant patient with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications | 2004 |
Analytic aspects of monitoring therapy with thiopurine medications.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Purines; Thioguanine | 2004 |
How effective are the usual treatments for Crohn's disease?
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2004 |
Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mercaptopurine | 2004 |
[A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of azathioprine in patients with ulcerative colitis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Confidence Intervals; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction | 2004 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase: should it be measured before commencing thiopurine drug therapy?
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Thioguanine | 2004 |
Review article: chronic active disease and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Crohn Disease; Humans; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Prognosis; Steroids; Thalidomide | 2004 |
Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease: pharmacology, efficacy, and safety.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy | 2004 |
Use of laboratory testing to guide 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine therapy.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Hematologic Tests; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Mercaptopurine | 2004 |
Medical therapy for ulcerative colitis: the state of the art and beyond.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Butyrates; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Epidermal Growth Factor; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Interferons; Mercaptopurine; Plasmapheresis; Probiotics; Remission Induction; Thiazoles | 2004 |
Advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Natalizumab; Remission Induction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2004 |
[Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Metronidazole; Pouchitis; Remission Induction; Tacrolimus; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography | 2004 |
Efficacy of conventional immunosuppressive drugs in IBD.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Tacrolimus; Thalidomide | 2004 |
The clinical impact of thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms on thiopurine treatment.
Topics: Alanine; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; DNA; DNA Methylation; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Models, Biological; Mutation; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Thioguanine; Time Factors; Tyrosine | 2004 |
Review article: monitoring of immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 2005 |
Can we alter the natural history of Crohn disease in children?
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Disease-Free Survival; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 2005 |
[Inflammatory bowel disease--diagnosis and therapy].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Placebos; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Life; Remission Induction; Time Factors | 2005 |
Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: pharmacogenetics, therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical recommendations.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inosine Triphosphatase; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pyrophosphatases; Racial Groups; Thionucleotides | 2005 |
[Immunosuppressants for therapy of patients with ulcerative colitis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mycophenolic Acid; Tacrolimus; Thionucleotides | 2005 |
[Guidelines for treatment of ulcerative colitis in children].
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Contraindications; Cyclosporins; Growth Disorders; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prednisolone; Pulse Therapy, Drug; Quality of Life | 2005 |
[Azathioprine].
Topics: Apoptosis; Azathioprine; CD28 Antigens; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft vs Host Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Nucleic Acids; Prodrugs; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; T-Lymphocytes | 2005 |
[Pharmacogenetics of inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Sulfasalazine | 2005 |
Increased risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 2005 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics and metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Erythrocytes; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inosine Triphosphatase; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases; Thionucleotides | 2005 |
Spectrofluorimetric assay of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in human blood plasma.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1992 |
Thiopurine therapies: problems, complexities, and progress with monitoring thioguanine nucleotides.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Guanosine Diphosphate; Guanosine Triphosphate; Humans; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Nausea; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides; Xanthine Oxidase | 2005 |
[Crohn's disease--standards of treatment 2004].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Algorithms; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Remission Induction; Risk Factors; Time Factors | 2005 |
The thiopurines: an update.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Cell Line, Tumor; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 2005 |
[Wegener's granulomatosis: Pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and therapy].
Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prednisolone; Prognosis; Pulse Therapy, Drug; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2006 |
American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Cyclosporine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Recurrence | 2006 |
Infliximab and azathioprine: bridge or parachute?
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction | 2006 |
Systematic review of postoperative complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with immunomodulators.
Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors | 2006 |
Pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Genetic variants and the risk of Crohn's disease: what does it mean for future disease management?
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mercaptopurine; Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; Personal Health Services; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | 2006 |
Review article: thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Purines; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome; Xanthine Oxidase | 2006 |
[Monitoring of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolites to optimize azathioprine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Thioguanine | 2006 |
[Postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Risk factors and methods of prevention].
Topics: Algorithms; Anastomosis, Surgical; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colon; Crohn Disease; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Ileum; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Metronidazole; Odds Ratio; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Smoking; Time Factors | 2006 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction; Secondary Prevention | 2007 |
Thiopurine-induced liver injury in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Global Health; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; Thioguanine | 2007 |
Chemoprophylaxis of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: current concepts.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Colorectal Neoplasms; Folic Acid; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Treatment Outcome; Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Vitamin B Complex | 2007 |
Severe pulmonary toxicity after azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine initiation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Severity of Illness Index | 2007 |
Exposing the weaknesses: a systematic review of azathioprine efficacy in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2008 |
[Common errors in the management of outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anemia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colonoscopy; Constriction, Pathologic; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications | 2007 |
Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Severity of Illness Index | 2007 |
[Current status of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Certolizumab Pegol; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colorectal Neoplasms; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Infusions, Intravenous; Mercaptopurine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Polyethylene Glycols; Quality of Life; Rectal Fistula; Recurrence; Time Factors | 2007 |
[Prediction of adverse drug reactions based on genomic information].
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Asian People; Azathioprine; Camptothecin; Cytidine Deaminase; Deoxycytidine; Forecasting; Gemcitabine; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Irinotecan; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prodrugs; Sulfamethoxazole | 2007 |
[Ulcerative colitis].
Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Sulfasalazine; Tacrolimus; Time Factors | 2007 |
Thiopurines in current medical practice: molecular mechanisms and contributions to therapy-related cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Cell Survival; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms; Purines; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thioguanine | 2008 |
[Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis. A survey of a Cochrane review].
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Pharmacogenomics in gastrointestinal disorders.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Liver Diseases; Liver Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Patient Selection; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Start low, go slow, but don't go this way yet.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2008 |
Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Patient Compliance; Prednisone; Treatment Failure | 2007 |
[Immunomodulator therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Leukocyte Count; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases; Remission Induction | 2008 |
Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of thiopurines.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Inosine Triphosphatase; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases; Thioguanine; White People | 2008 |
Thiopurine-induced myelotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a review.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine | 2008 |
Thiopurine hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease: the role for adding allopurinol.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2008 |
Laboratory evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Feces; Female; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pediatrics; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index | 2008 |
[Benefits and risks of immunosuppression in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Quality of Life; Remission Induction; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors | 2008 |
[Treatment of Crohn's disease].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colectomy; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate | 2009 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Prodrugs; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction | 2009 |
Meta-analysis: the efficacy of azathioprine and mercaptopurine in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Reproductive issues in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infertility, Female; Infertility, Male; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Reproductive Behavior; Stress, Psychological; Sulfasalazine | 2009 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence | 2009 |
Emerging treatments for complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Mercaptopurine; Rectal Fistula; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2009 |
Inflammatory bowel diseases and management considerations: fertility and pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Fertility; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infertility, Female; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Factors | 2009 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction | 2009 |
The future of inflammatory bowel disease care.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Certolizumab Pegol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Natalizumab; Polyethylene Glycols; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2009 |
Pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Pancreatitis; Sulfasalazine | 2010 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy update 2010 for ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and intractable nephrotic syndrome].
Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Schedule; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisolone; Remission Induction; Rituximab; Tacrolimus | 2010 |
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in a young man with Crohn's disease: case report and literature review.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Infliximab; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral; Male; Mercaptopurine; Splenic Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2010 |
Novel strategies in the thiopurine treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Thionucleosides | 2010 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction | 2010 |
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase polymorphisms and thiopurine toxicity in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Databases, Factual; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2010 |
Thiopurines in Crohn's disease, is there something new?
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2010 |
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease: a possible thiopurine-induced chromosomal abnormality.
Topics: Chromosome Disorders; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Mercaptopurine; Splenic Neoplasms | 2010 |
Thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Optimizing thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2011 |
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral; Mercaptopurine; Splenic Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2010 |
Assessment of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension associated with thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 2011 |
Pre-analytic and analytic sources of variations in thiopurine methyltransferase activity measurement in patients prescribed thiopurine-based drugs: A systematic review.
Topics: Aging; Azathioprine; Enzyme Stability; Health Care Surveys; Hematocrit; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prescription Drugs; Purines; Sex Characteristics; Thioguanine | 2011 |
Efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Intramuscular; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Failure | 2011 |
Thiopurine immunomodulators in ulcerative colitis: moving forward with current evidence.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2011 |
Inflammatory bowel disease therapy: current state-of-the-art.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Natalizumab | 2011 |
Assessment of thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed thiopurines: a systematic review.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Humans; Inflammation; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Purines; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2011 |
UVA photosensitization of thiopurines and skin cancer in organ transplant recipients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Photosensitizing Agents; Skin Neoplasms; Thioguanine; Ultraviolet Rays | 2012 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in children.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Nitriles; Sirolimus; Tacrolimus | 2011 |
Current treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Endoscopy; Gastroenterology; Humans; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Remission Induction; Steroids; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2011 |
Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Disease Management; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Purines | 2011 |
Prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Interleukin-10; Intestine, Small; Laparoscopy; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Nitroimidazoles; Probiotics; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of thiopurines on birth outcomes from female and male patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Prognosis | 2013 |
Current relevance of pharmacogenetics in immunomodulation treatment for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Crohn Disease; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Interactions; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Patient Selection; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Precision Medicine; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2012 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Secondary Prevention; Sulfasalazine | 2012 |
Lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: a review.
Topics: Age Factors; Azathioprine; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Lymphoma; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed azathioprine or other thiopurine-based drugs.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Reproducibility of Results | 2010 |
Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Steroids | 2012 |
The fetal safety of thiopurines for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Azathioprine; Birth Weight; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth | 2013 |
Recent advances using immunomodulators for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 2013 |
Update on pregnancy and breastfeeding in the era of biologics.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Certolizumab Pegol; Colitis, Ulcerative; Contraindications; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Female; Fertility; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Natalizumab; Polyethylene Glycols; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Tacrolimus | 2013 |
Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease revisited.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Patient Selection; Purines; Remission Induction; Risk Factors; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing | 2013 |
Is there still a room for azathioprine monotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease?
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
How long should we treat patients with azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine before deciding that it is refractory to immunomodulatory treatment?
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2012 |
Can azathioprine 6-mercaptopurine treatment be withdrawn in patients with response in ulcerative colitis: what is the most appropriate time for this?
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 2012 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2013 |
Strategies for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colon; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Humans; Ileum; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Intestinal Perforation; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Nitroimidazoles; Odds Ratio; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Smoking; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
Review article: the association between nodular regenerative hyperplasia, inflammatory bowel disease and thiopurine therapy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Male; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors; Thioguanine; Time Factors | 2013 |
A trial of mercaptopurine is a safe strategy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease intolerant to azathioprine: an observational study, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies | 2013 |
American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-α biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Gastroenterology; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction; Societies, Medical; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States | 2013 |
Treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Use of thiopurines and risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Risk | 2013 |
The role of thiopurines in reducing the need for surgical resection in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Confidence Intervals; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Disease Management; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Observational Studies as Topic; Organ Sparing Treatments; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Proportional Hazards Models; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment | 2014 |
Allopurinol enhanced thiopurine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: safety considerations and guidelines for use.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidelines as Topic | 2014 |
Adverse events in IBD: to stop or continue immune suppressant and biologic treatment.
Topics: Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Integrins; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Risk Assessment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Withholding Treatment | 2014 |
Steroid use in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Positioning therapy for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
The role of thiopurine metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2014 |
From conception to delivery: managing the pregnant inflammatory bowel disease patient.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminosalicylic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Breast Feeding; Cyclosporine; Female; Fertility; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Maternal Exposure; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sulfasalazine | 2014 |
Pharmacogenetics of azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: a role for glutathione-S-transferase?
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Azathioprine; Glutathione; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Oxidative Stress; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2014 |
Systematic review: The use of thiopurines or anti-TNF in post-operative Crohn's disease maintenance--progress and prospects.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Secondary Prevention; Smoking; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Toward a personalized medicine approach to the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Algorithms; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Precision Medicine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Risk; Risk Assessment; Young Adult | 2015 |
Can we get more from our current treatments?
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 2014 |
Treatment algorithms in Crohn's - up, down or something else?
Topics: Adalimumab; Algorithms; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Certolizumab Pegol; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Polyethylene Glycols; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Systematic review: Monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor α agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Disease Management; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
The potential for medical therapy to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and optimize surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ursodeoxycholic Acid | 2014 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction; Secondary Prevention | 2014 |
Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Steroids | 2014 |
The role and advances of immunomodulator therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunomodulation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
The liver in pediatric gastrointestinal disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Celiac Disease; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ursodeoxycholic Acid | 2014 |
Update 2014: advances to optimize 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy in the management of IBD.
Topics: Azathioprine; Disease Management; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Prognosis; Time Factors | 2015 |
[Optimized thiopurine treatment in chronic inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Algorithms; Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2014 |
[Role of thiopurine agents in ulcerative colitis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Disease Susceptibility; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Mercaptopurine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Neoplasms; Prodrugs; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Risk Factors | 2015 |
A practical guide to the use of thiopurines in oral medicine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mouth Diseases; Risk Factors; Thioguanine | 2015 |
Toxicity and response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Nausea; Neoplasms; Neutropenia; Opportunistic Infections; Pancreatitis | 2015 |
Update on thiopurine pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Genotype; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Pyrophosphatases | 2015 |
TPMT Polymorphism: When Shield Becomes Weakness.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Drug Design; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thioguanine | 2016 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Prodrugs; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2015 |
Patients' Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Drug Induced Adverse Events: A Role in Predicting Thiopurine Induced Pancreatitis?
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors | 2015 |
[Optimized thiopurine treatment in chronic inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Algorithms; Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2015 |
Drug resistance in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
6-Mercaptopurine for Azathioprine Intolerant Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Literature Search and Reappraisal of Own Data.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Substitution; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Italy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nausea; Remission Induction; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
Review article: recent advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides | 2016 |
Autoimmune Pancreatitis: An Update on Diagnosis and Management.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Disease Management; Endosonography; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Rituximab; Tomography, X-Ray Computed | 2016 |
Anti-TNF-A Therapy about Infliximab and Adalimamab for the Effectiveness in Ulcerative Colitis Compared with Conventional Therapy: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
Thiopurine Biotransformation and Pharmacological Effects: Contribution of Oxidative Stress.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Glutathione; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; Oxidative Stress; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pyrophosphatases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Risk Factors; Xanthine Oxidase | 2016 |
Preoperative Use of Methotrexate and the Risk of Early Postoperative Complications in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Period; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2016 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Secondary Prevention; Sulfasalazine | 2016 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Prednisone; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sulfasalazine; Withholding Treatment | 2016 |
Thiopurines and inflammatory bowel disease: Current evidence and a historical perspective.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase as a Pharmacogenetic Biomarker: Significance of Testing and Review of Major Methods.
Topics: Animals; Drug Hypersensitivity; Gene Frequency; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors | 2017 |
Optimising use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Allopurinol; Drug Dosage Calculations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidelines as Topic | 2017 |
Analytical Pitfalls of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Thiopurines in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2017 |
[Effect of Immunomodulators and Biologic Agents on Malignancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease].
Topics: Adalimumab; Azathioprine; Biological Factors; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms | 2017 |
Pharmacogenetics of thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease in East Asia: prospects for clinical application of NUDT15 genotyping.
Topics: Asian People; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pyrophosphatases | 2018 |
Thiopurine Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis: A Critical Review of the Evidence for Current Clinical Practice.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidelines as Topic | 2017 |
Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Findings and Perspectives.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Thioguanine | 2018 |
Therapeutic role of methotrexate in pediatric Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Patient Safety; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2018 |
Recommendations of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2018 |
Reduced Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Colorectal Neoplasia with Use of Thiopurines: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Protective Factors; Risk Factors | 2018 |
Diagnostic accuracy of NUDT15 gene variants for thiopurine-induced leukopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Humans; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases; Thioguanine | 2018 |
Evolving Considerations for Thiopurine Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-A Clinical Practice Update: Commentary.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Clinical Decision-Making; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Purines; Risk Factors; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2019 |
Update on the Use of Thiopurines and Methotrexate in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Biological Factors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Purines; Sulfur Compounds; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2018 |
Risk of skin cancers in thiopurines-treated and thiopurines-untreated patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Databases, Bibliographic; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Melanoma; Mercaptopurine; Risk; Skin Neoplasms | 2019 |
Optimizing thiopurine dosing based on TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes: It takes two to tango.
Topics: Female; Genotype; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pyrophosphatases; Thioguanine | 2019 |
Aminosalicylates, thiopurines and methotrexate in inflammatory bowel disease: Is it possible to discontinue the treatment?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction; Withholding Treatment | 2019 |
Thiopurine Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Focus on Metabolism and Pharmacogenetics.
Topics: Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenomic Testing; Pyrophosphatases; Thioguanine | 2019 |
Gastrointestinal: An unusual rectal finding in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Aged; Colitis, Ulcerative; Endoscopy; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mercaptopurine; Rectum; Time Factors | 2020 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction; Secondary Prevention | 2019 |
Glucocorticoids and steroid sparing medications monotherapies or in combination for IgG4-RD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Immunosuppressive Agents; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Network Meta-Analysis; Odds Ratio; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Rituximab; Tacrolimus | 2020 |
Reducing risk in thiopurine therapy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Erythrocytes; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Purines | 2020 |
Clinical management of autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Disease Progression; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Mycophenolic Acid; Prednisolone | 2019 |
Drug Interaction Between Febuxostat and Thiopurine Antimetabolites: A Review of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and Medical Literature.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Febuxostat; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Mercaptopurine; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration | 2020 |
Review article: opportunities to improve and expand thiopurine therapy for autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Guanine Nucleotides; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Purines; Quality Improvement; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2020 |
Adalimumab for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Patient Dropouts; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2020 |
Reversal of anti-drug antibodies against tumor necrosis factor inhibitors with addition of immunomodulators: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Nonbiologic Immune Suppression in Ulcerative Colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Contraindications, Drug; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Methotrexate; Piperidines; Pyrimidines; Remission Induction | 2020 |
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Thiopurine Metabolite Levels and Biochemical Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2021 |
Prevalence of polymorphisms in thiopurine metabolism and association with adverse outcomes: a South Asian region-specific systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Alleles; Asian People; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases | 2021 |
Association of ITPA gene polymorphisms with adverse effects of AZA/6-MP administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases | 2022 |
Low-Dose Azathioprine in Combination with Allopurinol: The Past, Present and Future of This Useful Duo.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2022 |
Drug rediscovery in gastroenterology: from off-label to on-label use of thioguanine in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Gastroenterology; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Netherlands; Off-Label Use; Thioguanine | 2023 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine-induced intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Case report and review of the literature.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications | 2023 |
74 trial(s) available for azathioprine and mercaptopurine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Menaquinone (vitamin K2) therapy for bronchial asthma. II. Clinical effect of menaquinone on bronchial asthma.
Topics: Asthma; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Combinations; gamma-Globulins; Gold; Histamine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Placebos; Vitamin K | 1975 |
Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Alkylating Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cromolyn Sodium; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole | 1978 |
[Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and inflammatory diseases of the intestine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 1990 |
Azathioprine and the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole | 1990 |
Influence of total lymphoid irradiation plus cyclosporine on kidney graft outcome in high-risk patients.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclosporins; Female; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphoid Tissue; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors; Transplantation, Homologous; Whole-Body Irradiation | 1987 |
Long-term immunosuppressive treatment in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Quality of Life; Time Factors | 1985 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminopterin; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Penicillamine | 1971 |
[Immuno-suppressive treatment in 15 patients with autoimmune affections or diseases of immunological pathogenesis].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Purpura | 1966 |
Immunosuppressive therapy. 1.
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Factor VIII; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisolone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Scleroderma, Systemic | 1972 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of the rheumatoid arthritis. mutual evaluation of establishments within the frame of the AFG rheumatology in jena].
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Germany, East; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Procarbazine; Triaziquone | 1974 |
Clinical studies on the effects of imuran and vincristine in the treatment of leukaemia.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lung Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Radiography, Thoracic; Vincristine | 1968 |
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cytotoxic and antimetabolic drugs.
Topics: Alopecia; Aminopterin; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chlorambucil; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclophosphamide; Cystitis; Female; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Jaundice; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1970 |
How should we treat Crohn's disease?
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Placebos; Prednisone; Random Allocation; Remission, Spontaneous; Sulfasalazine; Time Factors | 1980 |
[Current status of drug therapy of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases].
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cromolyn Sodium; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Recurrence; Research; Sulfasalazine | 1983 |
Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Part 3. 6-Mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1983 |
Immunosuppression for organ grafting.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclosporins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Peptides, Cyclic; Transplantation Immunology | 1980 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine have a role in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1981 |
Optimization of azathioprine therapy by measuring 6-thioguanine nucleotides and methylated mercaptopurine in renal allograft recipients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Graft Rejection; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Thionucleotides | 1995 |
Combined use of cyclosporine and azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome | 1996 |
HPLC analysis of azathioprine metabolites in red blood cells, plasma and urine in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia; Antihypertensive Agents; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Enalapril; Erythrocytes; Hemoglobins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Uric Acid | 1995 |
Clinical outcome following treatment of refractory inflammatory and fistulizing Crohn's disease with intravenous cyclosporine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fistula; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome | 1998 |
Combination therapy with oral tacrolimus (FK506) and azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for treatment-refractory Crohn's disease perianal fistulae.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Rectal Fistula; Recurrence; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome | 1999 |
Sequential group trial to determine gastrointestinal site of absorption and systemic exposure of azathioprine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; Cecum; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 2000 |
Oral tacrolimus treatment of severe colitis in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Tacrolimus | 2000 |
An open-label pilot study using thioguanine as a therapeutic alternative in Crohn's disease patients resistant to 6-mercaptopurine therapy.
Topics: Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
6-MP metabolite profiles provide a biochemical explanation for 6-MP resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Patient Selection; Treatment Failure | 2002 |
Differences between children and adults in thiopurine methyltransferase activity and metabolite formation during thiopurine therapy: possible role of concomitant methotrexate.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides | 2002 |
6-Thioguanine seems promising in azathioprine- or 6-mercaptopurine-intolerant inflammatory bowel disease patients: a short-term safety assessment.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine | 2003 |
Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume as a surrogate marker for 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentration monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Endpoint Determination; Erythrocyte Indices; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype does not predict adverse drug reactions to thiopurine drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged | 2003 |
Indicators of clinical response to treatment with six-mercaptopurine or azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endpoint Determination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
A prospective, open-label trial of 6-thioguanine in patients with ulcerative or indeterminate colitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Orosomucoid; Patient Compliance; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Leukocytapheresis in patients with moderate-severe steroid-dependant ulcerative colitis: clinical response without endoscopic response.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Leukapheresis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Monitoring of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in postsurgical patients with Crohn's disease during 1 year of treatment with azathioprine or mesalazine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides; Time Factors | 2007 |
6-thioguanine nucleotide-adapted azathioprine therapy does not lead to higher remission rates than standard therapy in chronic active crohn disease: results from a randomized, controlled, open trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Thionucleotides; Thrombocytopenia | 2007 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase activity combined with 6-thioguanine metabolite levels predicts clinical response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Female; Forecasting; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Withdrawal of immunosuppression in Crohn's disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Belgium; C-Reactive Protein; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; France; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Infusions, Intravenous; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Thiopurine dose in intermediate and normal metabolizers of thiopurine methyltransferase may differ three-fold.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Monitoring 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocyte Count; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Japan; Leukocyte Count; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Remission Induction; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
6-Thioguanine therapy in Crohn's disease--observational data in Swedish patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Sweden; Thioguanine; Young Adult | 2009 |
Immunosuppressive effects via human intestinal dendritic cells of probiotic bacteria and steroids in the treatment of acute ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; B7-2 Antigen; CD40 Antigens; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Dendritic Cells; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-6; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Receptors, Pattern Recognition; Young Adult | 2010 |
Influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on 6-thioguanosine phosphate metabolite levels: a prospective study in patients under steady thiopurine therapy.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies | 2010 |
Tacrolimus therapy as an alternative to thiopurines for maintaining remission in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Secondary Prevention; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2011 |
Normal response to vaccines in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with thiopurines.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Vaccines; Young Adult | 2012 |
Individually tailored treatment of medication nonadherence.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Patient Education as Topic; Pilot Projects; Precision Medicine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Evaluation of a group-based behavioral intervention to promote adherence in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Behavior Therapy; Caregivers; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Epidemiologic Methods; Family Therapy; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Self Administration; United States | 2012 |
Allopurinol enhances the activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in inflammatory bowel disease patients during low-dose thiopurine therapy: preliminary data of an ongoing series.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2011 |
Therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in adult thiopurine tolerant IBD patients on maintenance therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Female; Genetic Markers; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Young Adult | 2012 |
Safety and effectiveness of long-term allopurinol-thiopurine maintenance treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2013 |
Telehealth behavioral treatment for medication nonadherence: a pilot and feasibility study.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Behavior Therapy; Child; Cost of Illness; Delivery of Health Care; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Ohio; Pilot Projects; Severity of Illness Index; Telemedicine; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
Intrauterine exposure and pharmacology of conventional thiopurine therapy in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Neonatal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Female; Fetal Blood; Follow-Up Studies; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2014 |
Low allopurinol doses are sufficient to optimize azathioprine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients with inadequate thiopurine metabolite concentrations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thionucleotides | 2013 |
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Long-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab in Japanese patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Japan; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2014 |
Crohn's disease management after intestinal resection: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Identification of Patients With Variants in TPMT and Dose Reduction Reduces Hematologic Events During Thiopurine Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Dosage Calculations; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Testing; Genetic Variation; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Thrombocytopenia; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
Efficacy of thiopurines and adalimumab in preventing Crohn's disease recurrence in high-risk patients - a POCER study analysis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
Early combined immunosuppression for the management of Crohn's disease (REACT): a cluster randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
Early Mucosal Healing with Exclusive Enteral Nutrition is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Children with Luminal Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestinal Mucosa; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing | 2016 |
Rac1 as a Potential Pharmacodynamic Biomarker for Thiopurine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorylation; Prospective Studies; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Young Adult | 2016 |
Genes implicated in thiopurine-induced toxicity: Comparing TPMT enzyme activity with clinical phenotype and exome data in a paediatric IBD cohort.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Exome; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Sulfurtransferases | 2016 |
Early prediction of thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cohort Studies; Early Diagnosis; Female; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2017 |
More Dose-dependent Side Effects with Mercaptopurine over Azathioprine in IBD Treatment Due to Relatively Higher Dosing.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Significance of measurement of serum trough level and anti-drug antibody of adalimumab as personalised pharmacokinetics in patients with Crohn's disease: a subanalysis of the DIAMOND trial.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Risk factors for thiopurine-induced myelosuppression and infections in inflammatory bowel disease patients with a normal TPMT genotype.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Risk Factors | 2017 |
Patients' beliefs about medicine are associated with early thiopurine discontinuation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Adult; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2018 |
Long-term Outcome of Early Combined Immunosuppression Versus Conventional Management in Newly Diagnosed Crohn's Disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Intestinal Fistula; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Retrospective Studies; Symptom Flare Up; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Wound Healing; Young Adult | 2018 |
Randomised clinical trial: efficacy, safety and dosage of adjunctive allopurinol in azathioprine/mercaptopurine nonresponders (AAA Study).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2018 |
Genotype-Guided Thiopurine Dosing Does not Lead to Additional Costs in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Azathioprine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Netherlands; Quality of Life | 2019 |
Genotype-based Treatment With Thiopurine Reduces Incidence of Myelosuppression in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Topics: Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies | 2020 |
PACSIN2 rs2413739 influence on thiopurine pharmacokinetics: validation studies in pediatric patients.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Italy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | 2020 |
Location but Not Severity of Endoscopic Lesions Influences Endoscopic Remission Rates in Crohn's Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of TAILORIX.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colon; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Ileum; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Intestinal Mucosa; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Rectum; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2021 |
Randomised clinical trial: dose optimising strategy by NUDT15 genotyping reduces leucopenia during thiopurine treatment of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Anemia; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Genotype; Humans; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Pyrophosphatases | 2021 |
Impact of Chronotherapy on 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Crossover Trial.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronotherapy; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine | 2023 |
991 other study(ies) available for azathioprine and mercaptopurine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Nucleosides of azathioprine and thiamiprine as antiarthritics.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Azathioprine; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Nucleosides; Rats | 1989 |
Novel immunosuppressive agents. Potent immunological activity of some bensothiopyrano [4,3-c]pyrazol-3-ones.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Immunity; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mice; Pyrazoles | 1981 |
Azathioprine pharmacokinetics after intravenous, oral, delayed release oral and rectal foam administration.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1996 |
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Artificial Intelligence; Computers; Databases, Factual; Drug Prescriptions; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Endpoint Determination; Models, Molecular; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Software; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration | 2004 |
Thiopurine drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine inhibit Mycobacterium paratuberculosis growth in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bacteriological Techniques; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Colony Count, Microbial; Crohn Disease; Culture Media; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Paratuberculosis; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic | 2008 |
Novel derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine: synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activities of S-allylthio-mercaptopurines.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Prodrugs; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2009 |
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
Topics: Computational Biology; Drug Design; Humans; Isoenzymes; Molecular Structure; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2008 |
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Humans; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetracyclines; Thiophenes | 2010 |
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Ligands | 2010 |
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Topics: Animals; Benchmarking; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Design; Drug Labeling; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Reproducibility of Results; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration | 2011 |
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Decision Trees; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Glutathione; Humans; Liver; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Binding | 2012 |
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Liver; Male; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Pharmacokinetics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Toxicity Tests | 2013 |
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Benzbromarone; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chromans; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Thiazolidinediones; Troglitazone | 2016 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment in autoimmune vasculities].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteritis; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Remission, Spontaneous; Time Factors; Vascular Diseases | 1975 |
Enzymatic thiolysis of azathioprine in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Enzyme Induction; Glutathione; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Phenobarbital; Rats | 1976 |
Demonstration of enzymatic activity converting azathioprine to 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Rats | 1978 |
Crohn's disease of the colon.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Ileostomy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Radiography; Recurrence; Sulfapyridine; Sulfasalazine | 1979 |
Assay of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and a novel thiopurine metabolite in human plasma.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Purines; Transplantation, Homologous; Uremia | 1979 |
Immunosuppressive and corticosteroid therapy of polyarteritis nodosa.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cortisone; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Prednisone; Prognosis | 1979 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of polymyositis].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Dactinomycin; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Myositis; Prednisolone; Time Factors | 1975 |
Cytotoxic drug-induced lung disease.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Bleomycin; Busulfan; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Radiography | 1977 |
[Possibilities and limitations of immunosuppressive therapy for glomerulonephritis].
Topics: Acute Disease; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Glomerulus; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1977 |
Determination of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Haplorhini; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Mercaptopurine | 1979 |
[Acute mature myelocytic leukemia as a form of the myeloproliferative syndrome].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Examination; Fetal Hemoglobin; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Mercaptopurine; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Primary Myelofibrosis | 1979 |
The effects on polymorphonuclear leucocyte function of prednisolone and azathioprine in vivo and prednisolone, azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in vitro.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Candida albicans; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Prednisolone; Staphylococcus aureus; Transplantation, Homologous | 1978 |
Idiopathic portal hypertension (perisinusoidal fibrosis) after renal transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Kidney Transplantation; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Microscopy, Electron; Postoperative Complications; Transplantation, Homologous | 1979 |
[Hemolysis after combined azathioprine and allopurinol therapy].
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Anemia, Hemolytic; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Transplantation, Homologous | 1979 |
Results of three years' experience with the deoxyuridine suppression test.
Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anticonvulsants; Azathioprine; Deoxyuridine; Epilepsy; Erythrocytes; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Erythropoiesis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Antagonists; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Sulfamethoxazole; Thioguanine; Trimethoprim; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 1977 |
Idiopathic membranoproliferative (mesangiocapillary) glomerulonephritis: a clinicopathologic study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Complement C3; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Retrospective Studies | 1979 |
Homotransplantation of limbs in rats. A preliminary report on an experimental study with nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Hindlimb; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leg; Mercaptopurine; Muscles; Prednisolone; Rats; Skin; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous | 1979 |
[Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia in childhood. Review and report of one case (author's transl)].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Splenectomy; Virus Diseases | 1977 |
[Chronic hepatitis. Treatment].
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hepatitis; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone | 1979 |
[Identification and determination of azathioprine in presence of 6-mercaptopurine and 1-methyl-4-nitro-5-chloroimidazole].
Topics: Azathioprine; Mercaptopurine; Nitroimidazoles; Tablets | 1977 |
Effect of various immunosuppressive drugs on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in chickens.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chickens; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Demecolcine; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1977 |
Inhibition of hepatic metabolism of azathioprine in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Glutathione; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Probenecid; Rats | 1978 |
Separation of thiols as phenyl mercury derivatives by thin-layer chromatography. I. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine metabolites.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Mercaptopurine; Phenylmercury Compounds; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Temperature | 1978 |
[Drug induced megaloblastic anemia].
Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; DNA; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Purines; Pyrimethamine; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Tetrahydrofolates | 1978 |
Induction of point mutations by different chemical mechanisms in the liver microsomal assay.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Captan; Cyclophosphamide; Diethylnitrosamine; Dimethylnitrosamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Genetic Code; Hydrazines; Isoniazid; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Mice; Microsomes, Liver; Mutagens; Protein Biosynthesis; Salmonella typhimurium | 1976 |
[The effect of two teratogens, azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, on the embryo of the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens-rufescens)].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Azathioprine; Bone and Bones; Female; Fetal Death; Lagomorpha; Mammals; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats | 1975 |
[Chronic hepatitis: diagnostic and therapeutic problems].
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies; Azathioprine; Blood Proteins; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone | 1975 |
Oxypurine and 6-thiopurine nucleoside triphosphate formation in human erythrocytes.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inosine Nucleotides; Mercaptopurine; Methionine; Methylation; Purine Nucleotides; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Xanthines | 1977 |
[Influence of phenobarbital on the immunodepressive action of antitumor substances].
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Interactions; Immune Adherence Reaction; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Phenobarbital; Spleen | 1976 |
Comparison of the immunosuppressive efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and 036.5122 (Asta) on the primary and secondary immune response of mice to sheep erythrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Erythrocytes; Female; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Time Factors; Viral Plaque Assay | 1976 |
Comparative study of cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, azathiopurine and methotrexate. Relative effects on the humoral and the cellular immune response in the mouse.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigens, Neoplasm; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Time Factors | 1976 |
[Immunosuppressive agents in complex treatment of disseminated sclerosis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Multiple Sclerosis; Physical Therapy Modalities; Prednisolone | 1976 |
[Immunostimulating action of thiamine when using purine base analogs].
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Immunization; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Rats; Spleen; Thiamine | 1976 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of Crohn's disease].
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Remission, Spontaneous | 1976 |
[Comparison of the immunosuppressive effects of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and 036.5122 (Asta) on primary and secondary immune reactions in the mouse].
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mice | 1976 |
The mode of action of immunosuppressive agents.
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cell Survival; Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Mercaptopurine; Metabolism; Thioguanine | 1975 |
Factor VIII antibodies: immunosuppressive therapy.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Anticoagulants; Azathioprine; Blood Transfusion; Cattle; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Elbow; Factor VIII; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemarthrosis; Hematoma; Hemophilia A; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Knee; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Penicillin G Benzathine; Prednisone; Serum Sickness; Swine; Thigh | 1975 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy in pure red cell aplasia].
Topics: Adult; Anabolic Agents; Anemia, Aplastic; Antibody Formation; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous; T-Lymphocytes; Testosterone; Vitamin B 12 | 1975 |
[Immunologic tissue damage and immunosuppression].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Infertility; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes | 1976 |
The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the cell cycle of promonocytes and the production of monocytes in the bone marrow.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Count; Cell Division; Cell Nucleus; DNA; Inflammation; Kinetics; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mitosis; Monocytes; Spectrophotometry; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 1975 |
Infections in the immunosuppressed patient.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mycoses; Neoplasms; Phagocytosis; Protozoan Infections; Virus Diseases | 1975 |
Crystal structures of azathioprine dihydrate and 6-methylmercaptopurine trihydrate.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crystallography; Mercaptopurine; Methane; Models, Structural; Molecular Conformation; X-Ray Diffraction | 1975 |
[Letter: Treatment of psoriasic polyarthritis by azathioprine].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Sedimentation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Scleroderma, Localized | 1975 |
Treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis of lung.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Evaluation; Granuloma; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous | 1975 |
The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of monocytes and macrophages during the normal steady state and an acute inflammatory reaction.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Germ-Free Life; Inflammation; Kinetics; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Monocytes; Peritoneum; Thymidine; Tritium | 1975 |
A spectrophotometric method for the estimation of urinary azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thiouric acid.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Chemical Precipitation; Chlorides; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Dogs; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mercury; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Uric Acid | 1975 |
[Erythroblastophthisis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Androgens; Anemia, Aplastic; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Iron; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Vitamins | 1975 |
[Experiences in a nephrological dispensatory care].
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Indomethacin; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mercaptopurine; Renal Dialysis | 1975 |
[Role of immunodepressants in the treatment of chronic active (lupoid) hepatitis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1975 |
Separation and detection of picomole quantities of azathioprine metabolites.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Luminescent Measurements; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Thioguanine | 1975 |
Immunosuppressive treatment of Behcet's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1976 |
Cyclosporin A, FK506, rapamycin: the use of a quantitative analytic tool to discriminate immunosuppressive drug interactions.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Dexamethasone; DNA Replication; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Survival; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interleukin-2; Lymphocyte Activation; Mercaptopurine; Polyenes; Rats; Rats, Inbred BUF; Rats, Inbred WF; Sirolimus; Tacrolimus | 1992 |
Biochemical approach to new medications.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Biochemistry; Folic Acid Antagonists; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Organ Transplantation | 1992 |
Potentiation by thiopurines and sulfhydryl-reactive agents of the inhibition by 3-deazaadenosine of mononuclear phagocytes.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Cells, Cultured; Cyclohexanones; Drug Synergism; Ethacrynic Acid; Glutathione; Mercaptopurine; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Tubercidin | 1992 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine therapy and colon carcinoma in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1992 |
Comparison of the effects of mizoribine with those of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and mycophenolic acid on T lymphocyte proliferation and purine ribonucleotide metabolism.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cell Division; Guanosine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ionomycin; Lymphocyte Activation; Mercaptopurine; Mycophenolic Acid; Purine Nucleotides; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Ribonucleosides; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate | 1992 |
[Internistic therapy possibilities in therapy-resistant Crohn disease].
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporins; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Parenteral Nutrition | 1992 |
Correlation of enhanced 6-mercaptopurine cytotoxicity with increased phosphoribosylpyrophosphate levels in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with 3-aminobenzamide.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Benzamides; Cell Cycle; Cell Line; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Synergism; Flow Cytometry; In Vitro Techniques; Mercaptopurine; NAD; Pentosephosphates; Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors | 1990 |
Careful observations and flawed conclusions.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1992 |
Effect of new purine analog 6-purinyl-N-[2-chloroethyl] thiocarbamate (Cloturin) on immune system of mice.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Female; Graft vs Host Reaction; Immune System; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mustard Compounds; Organ Size | 1991 |
Plasma concentrations and organ distribution of thiopurines after oral application of azathioprine in mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Erythrocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Purines; Thioguanine; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Uric Acid | 1991 |
Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1991 |
Determination of 6-mercaptopurine and its metabolites in plasma or serum by high performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sulfhydryl Reagents | 1990 |
Azathioprine metabolism: pharmacokinetics of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thiouric acid and 6-thioguanine nucleotides in renal transplant patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Data Collection; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Time Factors; Uric Acid | 1990 |
Determination of plasma azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with oral azathioprine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Caffeine; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1990 |
[Treatment of Crohn's disease with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Retrospective study of 126 cases].
Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies | 1990 |
Polarographic studies of drugs of purine derivatives--II.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Polarography; Purines; Tablets | 1989 |
Pharmacokinetics of 6-thiouric acid and 6-mercaptopurine in renal allograft recipients after oral administration of azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous; Uric Acid | 1989 |
[Therapy of Crohn disease].
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Diet; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole; Psychotherapy; Sulfasalazine | 1989 |
The pharmacokinetic advantage of local 6-mercaptopurine infusion in a canine renal transplant model.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Dogs; Female; Infusion Pumps; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Renal Circulation; Transplantation, Autologous | 1989 |
Assessment of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha under the influence of immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Monocytes; Reference Values; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1989 |
Inhibition of phytohemagglutinine-induced T lymphocyte proliferation by 6-(octadecyldithio)purine, a novel liposomal prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cell Division; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Liposomes; Mercaptopurine; Phytohemagglutinins; Prodrugs; Purines; T-Lymphocytes | 1989 |
Pregnancy, fertility, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infertility, Female; Infertility, Male; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk; Sulfasalazine | 1985 |
Azathioprine suppresses the mixed lymphocyte reaction of patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1985 |
Strength of the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and its suppression by azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Graft Survival; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Mercaptopurine | 1985 |
Influence of hepatic oxidative metabolism on the immunosuppressive activities of 6-thiopurines.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microsomes, Liver; Oxidation-Reduction | 1985 |
Azathioprine lymphocytotoxicity. Potentially lethal damage by its imidazole derivatives.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Imidazoles; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine | 1988 |
In vitro inhibition of prostaglandin production by azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Female; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Peritoneal Cavity; Prostaglandins; Radioimmunoassay; Spleen; Thromboxane B2 | 1988 |
Glucocorticoid levels and lymphocyte functions in kidney transplanted patients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Phytohemagglutinins; Prednisolone; Prednisone | 1987 |
The oncogenicity of chlorambucil in rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Chlorambucil; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mercaptopurine; Pancytopenia; Time Factors | 1988 |
[Substantiation and effectiveness of the use of purine antagonists in gouty nephropathy].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gout; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Uric Acid | 1987 |
The impact of high lymphocyte sensitivity to glucocorticoids on kidney graft survival in patients treated with azathioprine and cyclosporine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Cyclosporine; Cyclosporins; Drug Resistance; Drug Synergism; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Prednisolone | 1987 |
Sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for 6-thiouric acid.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Thioguanine; Thiouracil; Uric Acid | 1987 |
[Determination of 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma with HPLC].
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1987 |
Photochemical sensitization by azathioprine and its metabolites--I. 6-Mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Glutathione; Mercaptopurine; Photolysis; Pyrogallol; Ultraviolet Rays | 1986 |
A longitudinal study of the influence of azathioprine on natural killer cell activity.
Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; In Vitro Techniques; Interferon Type I; Killer Cells, Natural; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Time Factors | 1986 |
Comparison of methotrexate with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a life-table analysis.
Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged | 1986 |
Drug influences on rat hepatic macrophage enzyme production and release in vitro.
Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Animals; Azathioprine; Female; Hexosaminidases; Levamisole; Liver; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Mercaptopurine; Plasminogen Activators; Prednisolone; Propionibacterium acnes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Serum azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine levels and immunosuppressive activity after azathioprine in uremic patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Injections, Intravenous; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Uremia | 1986 |
Treatment of lupus nephritis with cyclophosphamide.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Proteinuria; Racial Groups; Serum Albumin; Sex Factors; Thioguanine | 1970 |
Acceleration of casein induced amyloidosis in mice by immunosuppressive agents.
Topics: Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Animals; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Caseins; Chloramphenicol; Cortisone; Dactinomycin; Daunorubicin; DNA; Female; Fluorouracil; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; RNA; Spleen; Vinblastine | 1971 |
Human renal allografts. Analysis of lesions in long-term survivors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arteries; Azaserine; Azathioprine; Basement Membrane; Creatine; Cryptococcosis; Dactinomycin; Epithelial Cells; Female; Fibrin; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection; Hematuria; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Papillary Necrosis; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Proteinuria; Thrombosis; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1971 |
[Therapy of anemias].
Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Fluorouracil; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1970 |
Recent research in kidney transplantation. The Lilly lecture, 1969.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Epitopes; Haplorhini; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Transplantation; Leukocytes; Liver; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Tissue Donors; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1970 |
[Recommendations for immunosuppressive therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Arthritis, Juvenile; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Child; Complement Fixation Tests; Cyclophosphamide; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Neutrophils; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Serologic Tests; Vascular Diseases | 1972 |
[Experimental thyroid gland homotransplantation with suppression of the defence reactions of the recipient by immunosuppression].
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Dogs; Drug Combinations; gamma-Globulins; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Rabbits; Thyroid Gland; Time Factors; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1973 |
[Immunosuppression of severe dermatomyositis with cytostatic drugs and thymectomy (author's transl)].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Dactinomycin; Dermatomyositis; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Recurrence; Thymectomy | 1974 |
[The treatment of dermatomyositis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Alpha-Globulins; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Calcinosis; Child; Creatine; Dermatomyositis; Electromyography; Exercise Therapy; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Growth Disorders; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Muscles; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous; Staphylococcal Infections; Transaminases | 1974 |
Metabolic side-effects of allopurinol.
Topics: Allopurinol; Antipyrine; Azathioprine; Azauridine; Benzothiadiazines; Dicumarol; Diuretics; Drug Synergism; Erythrocytes; Humans; Leukocytes; Mercaptopurine; Orotic Acid; Pentosyltransferases; Pyrimidines; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Thymidine; Xanthine Oxidase | 1974 |
[Complications of immunosuppressive therapy using cytostatics in autoaggression diseases with special reference to cholestatic hepatosis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Dermatomyositis; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Scleroderma, Systemic; Time Factors | 1973 |
The drug therapy of ulcerative colitis and of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Atropine; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Diet; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Nutrition Disorders; Pain; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Sulfasalazine | 1974 |
Treatment of collagen diseases with cytostatics.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Azathioprine; Collagen Diseases; Female; Humans; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Thyroiditis | 1965 |
Modification of the homograft reaction in corneal transplantation. Further studies.
Topics: Animals; Azaserine; Azathioprine; Cornea; Corneal Transplantation; Dactinomycin; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Rabbits; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1966 |
Prevention of tuberculous cavity formation by immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Fluorouracil; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Rabbits; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary | 1968 |
Platelet thrombi in rejection episodes.
Topics: Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Chromium Isotopes; Dactinomycin; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Respiratory Tract Infections; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1969 |
The treatment of severe myasthenia gravis with immunosuppressive agents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Agranulocytosis; Aminopterin; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dactinomycin; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Myasthenia Gravis; Time Factors | 1969 |
Immunosuppressive treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amyloidosis; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Blood Proteins; Chlorambucil; Dactinomycin; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone; Prognosis | 1969 |
[Immunosuppressive treatment of dysglobulinemis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Protein Disorders; Cryoglobulins; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia | 1969 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of hemolytic anemia. Experiences with an antilymphocytic globulin].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Fludrocortisone; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methods | 1970 |
[Immunosuppressive long term therapy of visceral lupus erythematosus].
Topics: Adult; Amides; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Hydrazines; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Prednisone; Toluene | 1970 |
[Effect of an inhibitor of the immunogenic response on the development of tolerance to delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol].
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Blood Pressure; Cannabis; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance; Immunologic Memory; Mercaptopurine; Rats; Time Factors | 1973 |
When to use cytotoxic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Antigen-Antibody Complex; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Informed Consent; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Rheumatoid Factor; Synovial Membrane; Thiotepa | 1973 |
Purines and purine nucleoside antagonists.
Topics: Animals; Arabinose; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; DNA Viruses; Dogs; Furans; Guanosine; Haplorhini; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Inosine Nucleotides; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Nucleosides; Peptide Chain Termination, Translational; Purines; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Virus Replication | 1973 |
Microbiological assay for purine analogues with Lactobacillus casei.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biological Assay; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Spectrophotometry | 1973 |
[The treatment of chronic hepatitis (author's transl)].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Chloroquine; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis; Humans; Immobilization; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Function Tests; Medication Errors; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence; Rest | 1974 |
Disseminated toxoplasmosis in the compromised host. A report of five cases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autopsy; Azathioprine; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Infection Control; Infections; Kidney Transplantation; Lung; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prednisone; Toxoplasmosis; Transplantation, Homologous | 1974 |
[Immunsuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis. 2. Critical review of general results (author's transl)].
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Long-Term Care; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Multiple Sclerosis; Myelin Sheath; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Prednisolone; Prognosis; Tissue Extracts | 1974 |
[Production in rabbits of malformations of the extremities by administration of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Female; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Rabbits | 1966 |
Immunosuppression by pyrimidine nucleoside analogs.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Bromodeoxyuridine; Chloramphenicol; Cytarabine; Cytosine Nucleotides; Erythrocytes; Floxuridine; Hemagglutination Tests; Idoxuridine; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Mercaptoethanol; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Nucleosides; Sheep | 1966 |
[An unusual indication for treatment with immunosuppressive agents: erythrodermic eczema].
Topics: Azathioprine; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Eczema; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1970 |
The influence of cinanserin and selected pharmacologic agents on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Amphetamine; Anilides; Animals; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Chlorpheniramine; Cinnamates; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Female; Fenclonine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methylamines; Methysergide; Paralysis; Rats; Reserpine; Serotonin Antagonists; Tetrabenazine; Time Factors; Tranylcypromine | 1971 |
[Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia during a remission by irradiation of the central nervous system and subsequent administration of 8 chemotherapeutic agents].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaloids; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Azirines; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Vincristine | 1966 |
[Therapy of the nephrotic syndrome].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chlorthalidone; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Diuretics; Furosemide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methandrostenolone; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisolone; Prednisone | 1968 |
[Immunosuppressive agents in hematology].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Splenectomy; Thrombocytopenia | 1970 |
[Immunosuppressive agents in hematology].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Agranulocytosis; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Splenectomy; Thrombocytopenia | 1970 |
[Treatment of periodic disease with immuno-depressive agents].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Jews; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1970 |
Long-term steroid-immunosuppressive treatment of the childhood nephrotic syndrome.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Long-Term Care; Mercaptopurine; Nephrosis, Lipoid; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous; Retrospective Studies | 1971 |
The treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Diet Therapy; Dietary Fats; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Multiple Sclerosis; Physical Therapy Modalities | 1972 |
[Current results of the treatment of pseudoparalytic myasthenia gravis with immunosuppressive agents].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Antibodies; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Resistance; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Muscle Proteins; Myasthenia Gravis; Myosins; Remission, Spontaneous; Thymoma; Thymus Hyperplasia; Thymus Neoplasms | 1972 |
[Influence of cytostatic therapy on the immunologic reactivity of patients with chronic polyarthritis].
Topics: Antibody Formation; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Ethylamines; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Oxazines; Phosphorus Acids; Skin Tests | 1971 |
Immunosuppression during pregnancy: transmission of azathioprine and its metabolites from the mother to the fetus.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Azathioprine; Chromatography; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mercaptopurine; Perchlorates; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sulfur Isotopes; Time Factors | 1973 |
An experimental system for the simultaneous estimation of mitostatic and lymphotoxic effects of immunosuppressants and cytostatics.
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Clone Cells; Cyclophosphamide; Depression, Chemical; Graft vs Host Reaction; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoid Tissue; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mitosis; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Spleen | 1971 |
[Theoretical basis of immunosuppression in autoimmune diseases].
Topics: Antigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Drug Synergism; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pemphigus; Polyarteritis Nodosa | 1972 |
[Experience in using immunosuppressive-cytostatics in the treatment of psoriasis].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Psoriasis | 1974 |
[Combined immunosuppressive treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone | 1974 |
[Therapy of chronic hepatitis].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Chronic Disease; Cortisone; Diuretics; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Function Tests; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Prednisone | 1974 |
[Treatment of chronic nephritis with cytostatics].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephritis; Remission, Spontaneous; Time Factors | 1974 |
A rapid separation of azathioprine (Immuran) from 6-mercaptopurine and methylated 6-mercaptopurine derivatives by high-pressure liquid cation-exchange chromatography.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cation Exchange Resins; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Humans; Ion Exchange Resins; Mercaptopurine; Pressure | 1974 |
Separation of purine analogues from nucleic acid derivatives on a thin layer of ecteola-cellulose.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Mercaptopurine; Methylation; Nucleic Acids; Purines; Pyrimidines; Solvents | 1974 |
[Antimetabolites in complex treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in children].
Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1974 |
Some aspects of anti-inflammatory action of immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Carrageenan; Connective Tissue; Connective Tissue Cells; Cyclophosphamide; Edema; Female; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycobacterium; Rats; Time Factors | 1974 |
Teratogenicity from drugs--an increasing problem.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aminopterin; Amniocentesis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Azauridine; Busulfan; Chlorambucil; Colchicine; Contraceptives, Oral; Cyclophosphamide; Diethylstilbestrol; Ethanol; Female; Fetus; Genotype; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prenatal Diagnosis; Radiation Genetics; Rats; Species Specificity; Thalidomide; Tranquilizing Agents | 1974 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus].
Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Child; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hydrazines; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Procarbazine | 1972 |
Impaired drug metabolism in rats associated with acute inflammation: a possible assay for anti-injury agents.
Topics: Aminopyrine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Biological Assay; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Freund's Adjuvant; Hexobarbital; Humans; Hydroxylation; Inflammation; Irritants; Male; Mercaptopurine; Microsomes, Liver; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Sleep; Time Factors | 1974 |
[Introduction to the clinical use of immunosuppressive agents].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Cyclophosphamide; DNA; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; RNA; T-Lymphocytes | 1974 |
Anemias with renal transplantation.
Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Azathioprine; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Leucovorin; Mercaptopurine; Transplantation, Homologous | 1972 |
Results of outpatient treatment of 100 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous; Serologic Tests; Sex Factors | 1972 |
Serum immunosuppressive activity of azathioprine in normal subjects and patients with liver diseases.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Graft Rejection; Hepatitis A; Humans; Immune Adherence Reaction; Kinetics; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Sheep; Sulfur Isotopes | 1972 |
Immunosuppressive effects of specific classes of agents with special reference to organ transplantation. Immunosuppression by thiopurines.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Complement System Proteins; Dogs; Graft Rejection; Guinea Pigs; Hemocyanins; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Mercaptopurine; Multiple Sclerosis; Purines; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1973 |
Immunodepressant activity and 6-mercaptopurine levels after administration of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antibody-Producing Cells; Azathioprine; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Nitroimidazoles; Rats; Sheep; Spleen; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 1973 |
Effects of anti-cancer agents on immunological status.
Topics: Animals; Antibody-Producing Cells; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Dysgerminoma; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunity; Immunoglobulins; Lectins; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Sheep | 1973 |
[Immunosuppressive long-term therapy of autoimmune diseases in hematology].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Long-Term Care; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic | 1972 |
Reticuloendothelial function in immune-suppressed animals.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Carbon; Colloids; Cyclopentanes; Emulsions; Half-Life; Hemolysis; Horses; Immune Sera; Immunosuppressive Agents; Iodine Isotopes; Liver; Lung; Macrophages; Mercaptopurine; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Phagocytosis; Rats; Sheep; Spleen; Triolein | 1972 |
[Treatment of chronic glomerulopathy].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Proteinuria | 1972 |
[Indications for cytostatic treatment of patients with osteomyelosclerosis of osteomyelofibrosis].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Female; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Osteosclerosis; Primary Myelofibrosis | 1972 |
Immunosuppression by 9-alkyl-6-thiopurines.
Topics: Alkylation; Animals; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Purines; Sheep; Sulfides; Thioguanine | 1972 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy in immuno-hematologic diseases].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Thrombocytopenia | 1972 |
[Clinical aspects of Wegener's granulomatosis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Oral Manifestations; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Skin Ulcer | 1972 |
[Experience with immunosuppressive therapy in chronic aggressive hepatitis].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Tolbutamide | 1972 |
Separation of 6-thiopurine derivatives on DEAE-sephadex columns and in the high-pressure liquid chromatograph.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Pressure; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sulfur Isotopes; Thioguanine | 1973 |
[Purine analogues in autoimmune diseases--results of studies lasting several years].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Time Factors | 1973 |
Effects of humoral transplantation antibody on the arterial intima of rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Azathioprine; Carotid Arteries; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Rabbits; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Heterologous | 1973 |
Imuran-induced regression of plasma cell tumor MOPC-315.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Blood Proteins; Cyclophosphamide; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Myeloma Proteins; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Plasmacytoma; Transplantation, Homologous | 1973 |
The effect of various immunosuppressive agents on the vascular and cellular response to carvageenan in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Carrageenan; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Edema; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Rats; Time Factors | 1973 |
[Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with immunosuppressive agents].
Topics: Azathioprine; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1973 |
Treatment of polymyositis with immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Child; Creatine Kinase; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Synergism; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Myositis; Prednisolone; Prednisone | 1973 |
Immunosuppressive therapy.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nephrotic Syndrome; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic | 1973 |
[Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with immunosuppressive agents].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1973 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of chronic aggressive hepatitis].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Time Factors | 1973 |
[Childhood nephrotic syndrome with minimun glomerular lesions (clinical development and therapeutic response in 40 cases)].
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone | 1973 |
[Differential approach to prescribing of immunodepressive agents to children with nephritis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1973 |
[Pure erythroblastic aplasia associated with thymoma in an adult. Complete remission after immunodepressive therapy].
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms; Thymoma; Thymus Gland; Thymus Neoplasms | 1973 |
[Immunosuppressive cytostatic therapy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic | 1973 |
Immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Topics: Antibodies; Azathioprine; Blood Platelets; Busulfan; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic | 1973 |
The course of lupus nephritis: a clinical-pathological correlation of fifty patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Chloroquine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperplasia; Kidney Glomerulus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephritis; Prednisolone | 1973 |
[Treatment of chronic hepatitis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Diet Therapy; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Proteins; Female; Hepatitis; Hot Temperature; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Penicillamine; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rest; Splenectomy | 1974 |
Immunosuppressive therapy of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Sex Factors; Splenectomy; Thioguanine | 1974 |
[Immunosuppressive non-steroid therapy in thirteen cases of peripheral thrombocytopenic purpura (author's transl)].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic | 1974 |
Conversion of azathioprine into mercaptopurine and mercaptoimidazole derivatives in vitro and during immunosuppressive therapy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, Gel; Glutathione; Humans; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Spectrophotometry; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Uric Acid | 1967 |
Preliminary experience with rubidomycin in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia resistant to other antimetabolites.
Topics: Adult; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Vincristine | 1967 |
[Effect of tavromycetin of the formation of antibodies in laboratory animals].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Azathioprine; Drug Synergism; Hemolysin Proteins; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Rabbits; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology | 1968 |
Islet cell transplantation.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Blood Glucose; Dogs; Female; Hyperglycemia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pancreas; Pancreas Transplantation; Pancreatectomy; Rats; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 1968 |
Paraquat poisoning--lung transplantation.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Diuresis; Herbicides; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Care; Prednisone; Pyridines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Renal Dialysis | 1968 |
Regional infusion chemotherapy for prolongation of kidney allografts.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Dogs; Histocompatibility; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Transplantation; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mortality; Prednisone; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1969 |
Lymphocyte transformation tests in patients under treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lectins; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Streptolysins | 1969 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Corneal Transplantation; Dactinomycin; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Plasmacytoma; Psoriasis; Transplantation Immunology | 1970 |
[Homotransplantations of the lung. Experimental studies].
Topics: Aminocaproates; Animals; Azathioprine; Dogs; Histocompatibility Testing; Lung Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Postoperative Care; Prednisolone; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1968 |
[The teratogenic risk].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Carbutamide; Congenital Abnormalities; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Maternal Age; Measles; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Morphogenesis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Radiation Injuries; Rats; Thalidomide; Tolbutamide | 1968 |
Immunosuppressive drugs. I.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antilymphocyte Serum; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Neoplasms; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology | 1970 |
Is azathioprine a better immunosuppressive than 6-mercaptopurine?
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antibody-Producing Cells; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Sheep; Spleen | 1971 |
Cardiac transplantation in mice. II. Effect of continuous immunosuppressive therapy on the survival of H-2-incompatible allografts.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Azathioprine; Cytarabine; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Ear, External; Graft Rejection; Heart; Heart Transplantation; Hemagglutination Tests; Histocompatibility; Immune Sera; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Prednisolone; Thymus Gland; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1971 |
[The experimental studies of anticorporeal administration of azathioprine].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Escherichia coli Infections; Hemagglutination Tests; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Pyelonephritis; Rabbits | 1971 |
The effect of 9-butyl azathioprine on canine renal homograft survival.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Diseases; Dogs; Graft Rejection; Histocompatibility; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Nucleotides; Time Factors; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1971 |
[Contribution on the therapy of progressive chronic polyarthritis with antimetabolites and cytostatics].
Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Betamethasone; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Synovitis; Thiotepa | 1967 |
[Long term treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis, clinical course and results of renal biopsies].
Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Blood Pressure; Chloroquine; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Hematuria; Humans; Inulin; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Glomerulus; Long-Term Care; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Potassium; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Proteinuria; Testosterone; Urea | 1969 |
[Treatment of chronic connective tissue diseases with cytostatics].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Podophyllum; Prednisolone; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thiotepa; Triaziquone | 1970 |
Immunosuppressive methods and antilymphocytic serum.
Topics: Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Colchicine; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; DNA; Drainage; Fluorouracil; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymph; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; RNA; Splenectomy; Thymectomy; Transplantation Immunology; Triethylenemelamine | 1970 |
[Cytostatic antiphlogistics. II. Antimicrobial activity range and comparison in the Oedipus test].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Aspirin; Azaguanine; Azathioprine; Bacteria; Benzimidazoles; Depression, Chemical; Edema; Enterococcus faecalis; Flufenamic Acid; Fungi; Indomethacin; Lactobacillus; Mefenamic Acid; Mercaptopurine; Oxyphenbutazone; Phenylbutazone; Purines; Pyrimethamine; Rats; Riboflavin; Salicylates; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Thioguanine | 1970 |
Rosette formation by peripheral lymphocytes. II. Inhibition of the phenomenon.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cell Adhesion; Complement System Proteins; Cyanides; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Erythrocytes; Graft Rejection; Haplorhini; Horses; Hot Temperature; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Lectins; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mercury; Organometallic Compounds; Papio; Pepsin A; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation, Homologous | 1971 |
The effects of some immunosuppressive agents in experimental chronic Chagas's disease.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Azathioprine; Chagas Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Immunity; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Radiation Effects; Time Factors | 1971 |
Management of chronic active hepatitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Diet Therapy; Hepatitis; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Rest | 1972 |
[Experimental model for simultaneous determination of mitostatic and lymphotoxic action of cytostatics and immunodepressants].
Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mitosis; Radiation Chimera | 1972 |
Immunosuppressants and Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1972 |
[Position of immunosuppressive agents in the therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenia].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Splenectomy; Thrombocytopenia | 1972 |
[Treatment of chronic active hepatitis by 6-mercaptopurine and immuran (azathioprine)].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1972 |
Immunosuppressive therapy for ulcerative colitis, ileitis, and granulomatous colitis.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1972 |
[Experiences in administration of antimetabolites in treatment of dermatomyosis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Dermatomyositis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hematuria; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Retrospective Studies; Transaminases | 1972 |
[Outlines for the use of immunosuppressive therapy in chronic aggressive hepatitis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cortisone; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B virus; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Recurrence | 1972 |
[Experiences in the treatment of dermatomyositis with immunosuppressiva].
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Dermatomyositis; Drug Resistance; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence; Steroids | 1972 |
[Effect of therapy using combination of immunosuppressive agents in active chronic hepatitis--report of 2 cases and a review of the literature].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone | 1972 |
Significance of azathioprine metabolites.
Topics: Azathioprine; Binding Sites, Antibody; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Humans; Imidazoles; Immune Adherence Reaction; Intestinal Absorption; Liver Diseases; Lymphocytes; Mass Spectrometry; Mercaptopurine; Sulfates; Sulfur Isotopes; Uric Acid | 1972 |
[Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of chronic hepatitis in hospital and general practice].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Female; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Penicillamine; Prognosis | 1972 |
The influence of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs on Nystatin induced oedema.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Arthritis; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Chloramphenicol; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Drug Antagonism; Edema; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Male; Mefenamic Acid; Mercaptopurine; Nystatin; Phenylacetates; Phenylbutazone; Prednisolone; Rats; Rifampin; Triamcinolone | 1971 |
[Effects of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine on human bone marrow in vitro].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Mitosis | 1971 |
[Effects of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine on human chromosomes in vitro].
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatids; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mitosis | 1971 |
[Immunodepressive therapy in bronchial asthma].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Asthma; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1971 |
Therapy of autoimmune nephropathy with steroids and cytostatics. A follow-up study of 80 patients and of 16 years.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimalarials; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Sex Factors | 1971 |
[Hair changes in immunosuppressive therapy].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Hair; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Melphalan; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Neoplasms; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin Diseases; Vinblastine | 1971 |
[Comparison of various immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis. 41 personal cases].
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Sedimentation; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphocyte Activation; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Rheumatoid Factor; Skin Manifestations; Statistics as Topic | 1971 |
[Chromosome mutation caused by azathioprine in human leukocytes in vitro].
Topics: Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mitosis; Mutation; Pharmaceutic Aids | 1971 |
Inhibition of protein synthesis in human lymphocytes by thiopurines.
Topics: Azathioprine; Blood Proteins; Carbon Isotopes; Culture Media; Guanine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lectins; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Plasma; RNA; Thioguanine; Tritium; Uridine | 1970 |
[Experiences with antimetabolite therapy of malignant forms of progressive chronic polyarthritis].
Topics: Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nausea; Time Factors | 1966 |
Immunosuppressive drugs in treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Busulfan; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Melphalan; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Myasthenia Gravis | 1971 |
Comparison of the results of combined treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemias with corticosteroids and either imuran or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Infections; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous | 1971 |
Comparison of the results of combined treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemias with corticosteroids and either imuran or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Infections; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous | 1971 |
[Positive and negative effects of cytostatic therapy in rheumatic patients].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Podophyllum; Rheumatic Diseases; Triaziquone | 1970 |
Successful immunosuppressive treatment of erythroid aplasia appearing after thymectomy.
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Cyclophosphamide; Erythropoiesis; Heme; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Muscular Diseases; Prednisone; Splenectomy; Thymectomy; Thymoma | 1970 |
Acquired renovascular hypertension in a patient with renal allotransplantation.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Iliac Artery; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Radiography; Renal Artery Obstruction; Transplantation, Homologous | 1967 |
[Immunodepressive therapy in nephropathies].
Topics: Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Collagen Diseases; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome | 1969 |
[Results of immunosuppressive treatment of visceral lupus erythematosus].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Thrombocytopenia | 1969 |
Chemotherapy of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Topics: Allopurinol; Aminocaproates; Analgesics; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Chloroquine; Colchicine; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Cyproheptadine; Diazoxide; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Methyldopa; Nialamide; Oils; Organ Size; Rats; Strychnine; Talc; Thalidomide; Thioguanine; Thiomalates | 1969 |
[New information on the occurrence, etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis in childhood. (1st experience with immunosuppressive treatment)].
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Germany, West; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Radiography; Time Factors | 1969 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy of autoimmune hemolytic anemias. (Preliminary report)].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Cushing Syndrome; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone | 1969 |
[Lymphocyte transformation during immunosuppressive therapy of lupus erythematosus visceralis].
Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1969 |
[On the use of antimitotic and immunosuppressive agents in nephrology].
Topics: Azathioprine; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine | 1969 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy in pemphigus vulgaris].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Desoxycorticosterone; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Pemphigus; Prednisone; Triamcinolone | 1970 |
[Practical use of immunosuppressive and cytostatic drugs in dermatological diseases].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Condylomata Acuminata; Fluorouracil; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Papilloma; Pemphigus; Precancerous Conditions; Psoriasis; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Virus Diseases | 1970 |
Results of immunodepressive treatment in the nephrotic syndrome.
Topics: Alopecia; Azathioprine; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Nephrosis, Lipoid; Nephrotic Syndrome | 1970 |
[Current knowledge on periodic disease].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amyloidosis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Ethnicity; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Norsteroids; Steroids | 1970 |
[Immunosuppressive agents in granulomatous ileo-colitis. 2 cases with favorable outcome].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1970 |
[Lupoid hepatitis in elderly women treated with imuran and 6-mercaptopurine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Menopause; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1970 |
[Collagen diseases].
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Collagen Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Thioguanine | 1970 |
[Primary glomerulopathies--therapy using corticosteroids and cytostatics (immunosuppressive agents)].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Glomerulus; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone | 1970 |
[Effect of long-term immunosuppressive treatment on the hematopoietic system].
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Azathioprine; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukopenia; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Time Factors | 1970 |
[Cytostatics in the treatment of nephritides].
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Dyspepsia; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephritis; Nephrotic Syndrome | 1970 |
[So-called immunosuppressive cytotoxic medication in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus and scleroderma].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Scleroderma, Systemic | 1970 |
[The treatment of ulcerative colitis in childhood].
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Child; Cholestasis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Psychophysiologic Disorders | 1970 |
[The immunocytoadherence phenomenon as a method for quantitative determination of Imurel pharmacodynamics].
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Rats; Spleen | 1970 |
The effect of 9-butyl-6-thiopurines on enzymes which metabolize purines.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Nucleosides; Nucleotidyltransferases; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphoric Acids; Purines; Rabbits | 1971 |
Immune response to insulin in guinea pigs.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Cattle; Chromatography; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Hypersensitivity; Guinea Pigs; Immunization; Immunoassay; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Insulin; Insulin Antibodies; Insulin, Long-Acting; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Oils; Prednisolone; Protein Binding; Swine | 1971 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune diseases].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antineoplastic Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Collagen Diseases; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Sjogren's Syndrome; Thrombocytopenia | 1971 |
Wegener's granulomatosis of lung: diagnosis and treatment. Experience with 12 cases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Female; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Radiography | 1971 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy with antimetabolites].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antimetabolites; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Blood Sedimentation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1967 |
Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on secondary antibody response in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Carbon Isotopes; Chloramphenicol; Culture Techniques; Glycine; Immunization; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymph Nodes; Mercaptopurine; Proteins; Rabbits; Serum Albumin, Bovine | 1968 |
Azathioprine in myeloproliferative and autoimmune disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Lectins; Leukemia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic | 1968 |
Natural history of active chronic hepatitis. II. Pathology, pathogenesis and clinico-pathological correlation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Necrosis | 1968 |
Immunopharmacologic activity of 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid.
Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Azathioprine; Cortisone; Cyclopentanes; Cyclophosphamide; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Rats; Thioguanine | 1968 |
[Cytostatic treatment of the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. (Long term study on 24 patients)].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephrosis, Lipoid; Nephrotic Syndrome; Serum Albumin | 1968 |
[Therapeutic fetopathy: experimental production of deformities of the extremities].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Extremities; Female; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats | 1968 |
[On therapy of granuloma gangraenescence with antimetabolites].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Granuloma, Lethal Midline; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone | 1969 |
[Use of immunosuppressive cytostatic agents in children's diseases in our experience].
Topics: Adolescent; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome | 1969 |
[Immunosuppression in liver cirrhosis].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Cirrhosis; Mercaptopurine | 1969 |
Circulating anticoagulant (antifactor 8 treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
Topics: Adult; Anticoagulants; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Factor VIII; Female; Hematocrit; Hematoma; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nitrofurazone; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Transfusion Reaction | 1969 |
[Results of immunosuppressive treatment of diseases of renal glomerulus in children].
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Nephrosis, Lipoid | 1969 |
[Attempts of the use of cytostatic agents in some forms of glomerulonephritis in children].
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome | 1969 |
6-thiopurines as substrates and inhibitors of purine oxidases: a pathway for conversion of azathioprine into 6-thiouric acid without release of 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Alkanes; Animals; Azathioprine; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glutathione; Humans; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Milk; Oxidoreductases; Rabbits; Uric Acid; Xanthine Oxidase | 1969 |
[Results of therapy of active chronic hepatopathies with 6-mercaptopurine].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antimetabolites; Azaguanine; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Thioguanine | 1969 |
[Transformation of lymphocytes during immunosuppressive therapy in lupus erythematosus visceralis].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Culture Techniques; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lectins; Leukocyte Count; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Stimulation, Chemical; Streptolysins | 1969 |
[Therapeutic possibilities in chronic glomerulonephritis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Kidney; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Potassium; Prednisone; Prognosis; Proteinuria; Seizures; Time Factors | 1969 |
Clinicopathologic conference.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Inulin; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1969 |
Effect of antilymphocytic and antithymocytic sera on the development of mouse lymphoma.
Topics: AKR murine leukemia virus; Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Hemagglutination; Immune Sera; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rabbits; Thymus Gland | 1969 |
[Treatment of connective tissue diseases with cytostatics. 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine].
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Collagen Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1965 |
Dangers of immunosuppressive drugs in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1966 |
Response to azathioprine in ulcerative colitis. Report of 7 cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Body Temperature; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Rectal Diseases | 1966 |
Experience with the use of 6-mercaptopurine and "Imuran" in the treatment of progressive hepatitis (active chronic hepatitis).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1966 |
Experience with the use of 6-mercaptopurine and "Imuran" in the treatment of progressive hepatitis (active chronic hepatitis).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1966 |
[Selection of new inhibitors of immunogenesis of natural origin].
Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Olivomycins | 1966 |
[Reactions induced in the embryo by 2 chemically similar antimetabolites].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Cysteine; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Glutathione; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Species Specificity | 1966 |
Effect of imuran (azathioprine) on susceptibility of guinea pigs to allergic encephalomyelitis.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mercaptopurine | 1967 |
Use of human lymphocytes in studies of drug action.
Topics: Azathioprine; Benzoates; Chlorambucil; Chloramphenicol; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Hydrocortisone; Indomethacin; Lectins; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Protein Biosynthesis; Puromycin; Salicylates | 1967 |
[The immunosuppressive agents. 3. The immunosuppressive agents in hematology].
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Thioguanine | 1967 |
Azathioprine treatment of immunological renal disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cortisone; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephritis, Interstitial; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone | 1967 |
The treatment of active chronic hepatitis with 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Prognosis | 1967 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Risk | 1980 |
Shortcomings of the National Crohn's Disease Study: the exclusion of azathioprine without adequate trial.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Placebos; Prednisone; Random Allocation; Research Design; Sulfasalazine; United States | 1981 |
Assay of 6-thioguanine nucleotide, a major metabolite of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine, in human red blood cells.
Topics: Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 1983 |
Current status of medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Metronidazole; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Sulfasalazine | 1983 |
Differential interference by azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine with antibody-mediated immunoregulation: synergism of azathioprine and antibody in the control of an immune response.
Topics: Animals; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Antibody-Producing Cells; Antigens; Azathioprine; Chickens; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Epitopes; Horses; Immune Sera; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Phagocytosis; Sheep | 1982 |
[Therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases].
Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Metronidazole; Parenteral Nutrition; Sulfasalazine | 1983 |
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate stimulates the conversion of purine antimetabolites to their nucleotide forms by a redox-dependent mechanism.
Topics: Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Inosine Nucleotides; Mercaptopurine; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphates; Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate; Pyrroles; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 1983 |
Effects of azathioprine on the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).
Topics: Azathioprine; Dithiothreitol; DNA; Erythrocytes; Glutathione; Humans; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Mercaptopurine; Nitroimidazoles; Thymidine | 1983 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) suppress the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) by different mechanisms.
Topics: Adenine; Adenosine; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; Azathioprine; DNA; Guanine; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; In Vitro Techniques; Inosine; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Xanthine; Xanthines | 1984 |
Effects of perineurally applied cytostatic, cytotoxic and chelating agents upon peripheral and central processes of primary nociceptive neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Atrophy; Azathioprine; Chelating Agents; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Male; Mannomustine; Mercaptopurine; Mesylates; Neural Conduction; Neurons; Penicillamine; Peripheral Nerves; Rats; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Substantia Gelatinosa; Wallerian Degeneration | 1980 |
A critical analysis of the use of azathioprine in clinical medicine.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Dogs; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunocompetence; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Rabbits | 1983 |
Differential inhibition by azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine of specific suppressor T cell generation in mice.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Depression, Chemical; Leukemia, Experimental; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Sheep; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory | 1981 |
Monitoring of organ formation in rat embryos after in vitro exposure to azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate or cyclosporin A.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Azathioprine; Brain; Cyclosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Organ Culture Techniques; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Hypersensitivity to azathioprine in myasthenia gravis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Myasthenia Gravis | 1984 |
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-independent toxicity of azathioprine in human lymphoblasts.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cell Line; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Purines | 1984 |
The use of azathiaprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as immunosuppressive therapy in inflammatory bowel disease and its role in the etiology of lymphocytic lymphoma.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis; Female; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 1983 |
[A gas chromatographic determination of 6-mercaptopurine in the serum of immunosuppressed transplantation patients].
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Gas; Half-Life; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine | 1982 |
The initial study of the immunosuppressive effects of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine in organ transplantation and a few words on cyclosporin A.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclosporins; Dogs; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Transplantation Immunology | 1982 |
Pharmacokinetics of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine: methodological aspects and preliminary results in uremic patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Azathioprine; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Freezing; Half-Life; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Kinetics; Mercaptopurine; Uremia | 1981 |
Simultaneous determination of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Solubility | 1982 |
Analysis of 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma with a high-performance liquid chromatographic method including post-column derivatization and fluorimetric detection.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fluorometry; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Time Factors | 1982 |
Interaction of allopurinol with 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Topics: Aged; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Time Factors | 1982 |
[Causes of the preferential action of imuran on the viability and proliferative activity of a Chinese hamster cell culture in the stationary growth phase].
Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Enzyme Activation; Mercaptopurine; Purines; Xanthine Oxidase | 1980 |
Quantitation of plasma azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine levels in renal transplant patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Transplantation, Homologous | 1980 |
Comparative activity of CP-17,193 and five established immunosuppressives toward the antigens SRBC and EL4.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination Tests; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazoles; Pyridines | 1981 |
Assay of thioinosinic acid, an active metabolite of azathioprine, in human lymphocytes.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemical Precipitation; Chemistry; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Inosine Nucleotides; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry; Thionucleotides | 1980 |
Azathioprine teratogenicity: review of the literature and case report.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Animals; Azathioprine; Female; Fingers; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rats | 1981 |
The effects of cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and 6-mercaptopurine on oocyte and follicle number in C57BL/6N mice.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Oocytes; Ovary; Ovum | 1981 |
The prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes by the immunosuppressive agent azathioprine.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Azathioprine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glutathione; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice | 1981 |
[Changes in cells in the terminal portions of the pancreas following resection and administration of immunosuppressants].
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Azathioprine; DNA; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methionine; Microscopy, Electron; Mitotic Index; Pancreas; Pancreatectomy; Rats; Thymidine | 1981 |
The treatment of ulcerative colitis with "immunosuppressive" drugs.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1981 |
[Homozygote deficiency of thiopurine methyltransferase. A contraindication to the use of azathioprine in kidney transplantation].
Topics: Azathioprine; Contraindications; Female; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative; Graft Rejection; Homozygote; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Transplantation, Homologous | 1995 |
Monitoring of azathioprine-induced immunosuppression with thiopurine methyltransferase activity in kidney transplant recipients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Erythrocytes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Genotype; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies | 1995 |
Azathioprine toxicity, 6-mercaptopurine accumulation and the "poor" 6-thiopurine methylator phenotype.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Phenotype; Time Factors | 1995 |
Methotrexate for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Remission Induction | 1995 |
Sulphasalazine inhibition of thiopurine methyltransferase: possible mechanism for interaction with 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Binding, Competitive; Drug Interactions; Gallic Acid; Humans; Kinetics; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Pyridines; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Sulfapyridine; Sulfasalazine | 1995 |
Hypersensitivity to azathioprine mimicking gastroenteritis. Absence of recurrence with 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Ear Diseases; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Syndrome; Vestibular Diseases | 1995 |
Azathioprine-induced pancytopenia in homozygous thiopurine methyltransferase-deficient renal transplant recipients: a family study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Female; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Homozygote; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pancytopenia; Pedigree; Thioguanine | 1995 |
Photochemical sensitization by azathioprine and its metabolites. Part 3. A direct EPR and spin-trapping study of light-induced free radicals from 6-mercaptopurine and its oxidation products.
Topics: Azathioprine; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Free Radicals; Humans; Light; Mercaptopurine; Oxidation-Reduction; Photochemistry; Spin Labels | 1994 |
Safety of low-dose purine analogues in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms; Risk Factors | 1994 |
[Comparative study of the interaction of purine antagonists with adenosine receptors of bone marrow lymphocytes and lymphoblasts].
Topics: Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Stem Cells | 1993 |
Day-to-day variability in azathioprine pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Time Factors | 1994 |
Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a five-month-old girl: successful treatment with immunosuppressants.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Interferon-alpha; Lymph Nodes; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Recurrence; Remission Induction | 1994 |
New developments: gastroenterology.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Digestive System; Female; Gastroenterology; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Sulfasalazine | 1993 |
IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors as immunomodulators.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cell Cycle; Cells, Cultured; Guanosine Triphosphate; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; IMP Dehydrogenase; Lymphocyte Activation; Mercaptopurine; Ribonucleosides; T-Lymphocytes | 1993 |
Kinetics of mercaptopurine and thioguanine nucleotides in renal transplant recipients during azathioprine treatment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Drug Interactions; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine | 1994 |
Hepatotoxicity of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Liver; Mercaptopurine | 1994 |
Growth failure in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anthropometry; Azathioprine; Body Height; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Forecasting; Growth Disorders; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Parenteral Nutrition; Retrospective Studies | 1993 |
The George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion Lecture. The pharmacology of azathioprine.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cell Division; History, 20th Century; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine | 1993 |
Assessment of exposure to chloramphenicol and azathioprine among workers in a South African pharmaceutical plant.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Azathioprine; Blood Cell Count; Case-Control Studies; Chloramphenicol; Drug Industry; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Occupational Exposure; South Africa; Uric Acid | 1993 |
Immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: results of a survey of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Subcommittee on Immunosuppressive Use of the Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Forum.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Female; Gastroenterology; Health Surveys; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pediatrics; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Societies, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires | 1993 |
Cyclosporine and other immunosuppressive agents: current and future role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 1993 |
The successful treatment of autoimmune hepatitis with 6-mercaptopurine after failure with azathioprine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction | 1996 |
Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Probability; Proportional Hazards Models; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 1996 |
Treatment of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1996 |
Rational design of novel immunosuppressive drugs: analogues of azathioprine lacking the 6-mercaptopurine substituent retain or have enhanced immunosuppressive effects.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Drug Design; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Skin Transplantation; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1996 |
6-mercaptopurine for the management of ulcerative colitis: a concept whose time has come.
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Steroids; Time Factors | 1996 |
Individualizing therapy with 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine related to the thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Humans; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Patient Compliance; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thioguanine | 1996 |
Purine analogues and Crohn's disease: learning more about the long-term.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome | 1996 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine and autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Hepatitis; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1996 |
Simultaneous determination of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Reproducibility of Results; Temperature | 1996 |
Intracellular thiopurine nucleotides and azathioprine myelotoxicity in organ transplant patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Female; Heart-Lung Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Xanthines | 1997 |
Molecular diagnosis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency: genetic basis for azathioprine and mercaptopurine intolerance.
Topics: Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Genotype; Heterozygote; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic | 1997 |
Therapeutic lessons from pharmacogenetics.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Pharmacogenetics | 1997 |
Thiopurine biology and pharmacology.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Cloning, Molecular; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mice; Polymorphism, Genetic; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Purines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioguanine | 1997 |
[Prevention of Crohn disease recurrence with azathioprine--for whom, how long?].
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Long-Term Care; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 1997 |
6-MP metabolite levels: a potential guide to Crohn's disease therapy.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Thioguanine | 1997 |
Analysis of methylated 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in human red blood cells: comparison of two methods.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hydrolysis; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methylation; Methylthioinosine | 1997 |
Immunomodulator therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Blood Component Removal; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Cytokines; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 1997 |
[Thiopurine treatment. Significance of pharmacogenetic polymorphism].
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Polymorphism, Genetic | 1998 |
Simultaneous determination of 6-thioguanine and methyl 6-mercaptopurine nucleotides of azathioprine in red blood cells by HPLC.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Erythrocytes; Heart-Lung Transplantation; Humans; Hydrolysis; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indicators and Reagents; Lung Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Nucleotides; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thioguanine | 1998 |
Azathioprine treatment and thiopurine metabolism in rheumatic diseases. Introduction and first results of investigation.
Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Immunoglobulin M; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Reference Values; Rheumatoid Factor | 1998 |
A HPLC method for the monitoring of human red cell 6-thioguanine and methyl 6-mercaptopurine in a single run.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Heart-Lung Transplantation; Humans; Hydrolysis; Mercaptopurine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thioguanine | 1998 |
Toxicity of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Child; Colorectal Neoplasms; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 1998 |
Summary of the workshop on 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine pharmacology.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis | 1998 |
Safety of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Databases as Topic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Medical Records; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone | 1998 |
[6-mercaptopurine levels and study of blood lymphocyte subsets during azathioprine treatment of Crohn's disease].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kinetics; Lymphocyte Count; Lymphocyte Subsets; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Receptors, Interleukin-2 | 1998 |
Identification of 6-methylmercaptopurine derivative formed during acid hydrolysis of thiopurine nucleotides in erythrocytes, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance assay.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hydrolysis; Imidazoles; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Mercaptopurine; Perchlorates; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Thionucleotides | 1998 |
6-Mercaptopurine pharmacokinetics after use of azathioprine in renal transplant recipients with intermediate or high thiopurine methyl transferase activity phenotype.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; Calibration; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Interactions; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Reproducibility of Results | 1998 |
Experiences with 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in pediatric patients with severe ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 1999 |
Determination of 6-thioguanine and 6-methylmercaptopurine metabolites in renal transplantation recipients and patients with glomerulonephritis treated with azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine | 1999 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine alter the nucleotide balance in endothelial cells.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Endothelium, Vascular; Glutathione; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Purines; Umbilicus | 1999 |
Intravenous cyclosporin in ulcerative colitis: a five-year experience.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retreatment; Steroids; Treatment Outcome | 1999 |
Allergic reactions to 6-mercaptopurine during treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Desensitization, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies | 1999 |
Balsalazide and azathiprine or 6-mercaptopurine: evidence for a potentially serious drug interaction.
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Phenylhydrazines | 1999 |
Optimum duration of treatment with 6-mercaptopurine for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Confidence Intervals; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Probability; Proportional Hazards Models; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Sex Factors; Time Factors | 1999 |
Azathioprine in dermatological practice. An overview with special emphasis on its use in non-bullous inflammatory dermatoses.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Eczema; Eczema, Dyshidrotic; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Skin Diseases | 1999 |
Balsalazide and azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methyltransferases; Phenylhydrazines; Prodrugs | 1999 |
IOIBD questionnaire on the clinical use of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporin A and methotrexate in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Europe; Female; Gastroenterology; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Internal Medicine; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; North America; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2000 |
Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in patients failing 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine therapy for Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; IMP Dehydrogenase; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Mycophenolic Acid; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Failure | 2000 |
[Bone marrow depression after azathioprine. New discoveries on an old drug].
Topics: Aged; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Genotype; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Neutropenia; Pancytopenia; Risk Factors | 2000 |
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the treatment of perianal Crohn's disease in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2000 |
[Better therapeutic potential for azathioprine and mercaptopurine].
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Genotype; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | 2000 |
Normal thiopurine methyltransferase levels do not eliminate 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine toxicity in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2000 |
Interaction of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine with 5-aminosalicylic acid agents.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine | 2000 |
Enhanced bioavailability of azathioprine compared to 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with treatment efficacy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Azathioprine; Biological Availability; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Therapeutic Equivalency; Treatment Outcome | 2000 |
Medical management of major internal fistulae in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Fistula; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Urinary Fistula; Wound Healing | 2000 |
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Azathioprine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor V; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 1999 |
A comparison of molecular and enzyme-based assays for the detection of thiopurine methyltransferase mutations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Blood Donors; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thioguanine | 2000 |
Use of 6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease previously intolerant of azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 2000 |
The use of 6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after failure of azathioprine therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 2000 |
Infliximab in Crohn's disease: first anniversary clinical experience.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Prospective Studies; Time Factors | 2000 |
Clinical experience with infliximab therapy in 100 patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors | 2000 |
Therapeutic drug monitoring of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in Crohn disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine; Time Factors | 2001 |
Severe life-threatening diarrhea caused by azathioprine but not by 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 2001 |
Rational dosing of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Alleles; Azathioprine; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prodrugs; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2001 |
Preponderance of thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency and heterozygosity among patients intolerant to mercaptopurine or azathioprine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Genotype; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Neoplasms; Phenotype; Platelet Transfusion; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Risk Factors; Thrombocytopenia | 2001 |
Treatment of refractory microscopic colitis with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Colitis; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 2001 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase activity in the Jewish population of Israel.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Israel; Jews; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2001 |
Mechanism of activation of an immunosuppressive drug: azathioprine. Quantum chemical study on the reaction of azathioprine with cysteine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cysteine; Imidazoles; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure | 2001 |
If at first you don't succeed...Try again?
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2001 |
Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for treatment of steroid-dependent lymphocytic and collagenous colitis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis; Collagen; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Steroids | 2001 |
Determination of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in human erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography: comparison with the radiochemical method.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Humans; Linear Models; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Radiochemistry; S-Adenosylmethionine; Thioguanine | 2001 |
Leucopenia resulting from a drug interaction between azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine and mesalamine, sulphasalazine, or balsalazide.
Topics: Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Binomial Distribution; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Confidence Intervals; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methyltransferases; Phenylhydrazines; Sulfasalazine; Thioguanine | 2001 |
Measurement of thiopurine methyltransferase activity and azathioprine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2001 |
6-mercaptopurine metabolite levels in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
Why measure thiopurine methyltransferase activity? Direct administration of 6-thioguanine might be the alternative for 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine | 2001 |
Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Female; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Risk Factors | 2002 |
Methylated and non methylated thiopurine nucleotide ratio (Me6-MPN/6-TGN): usefulness in the monitoring of azathioprine therapy?
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; DNA Methylation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Heart-Lung Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Thionucleotides | 2000 |
[Determination of azathiopurine and 6-mercaptopurine in serum by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography].
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1998 |
Teratogen update: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Cricetinae; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Patient Education as Topic; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Teratogens; Zinc | 2002 |
Do immunosuppressants really work as maintenance therapy after the achievement of remission of severe ulcerative colitis?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Secondary Prevention; Sulfasalazine | 2002 |
[When is drug therapy with azathioprine indicated in Crohn's disease?].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Steroids; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Forecast for using metabolite measurements in the dosing of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for IBD patients: "partly cloudy".
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2002 |
TPMT in the treatment of Crohn's disease with azathioprine.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Crohn Disease; Drug Interactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Risk Factors; Sulfasalazine; Time Factors | 2002 |
Protagonist: Crohn's disease recurrence can be prevented after ileal resection.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azathioprine; Colon; Crohn Disease; Humans; Ileum; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Nitroimidazoles; Reoperation; Secondary Prevention | 2002 |
Combining infliximab with 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine for fistula therapy in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Intestinal Fistula; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Severe pancytopenia from thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency: a preventable complication of 6-mercaptopurine therapy in children with Crohn disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Female; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pancytopenia | 2002 |
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine before colectomy for ulcerative colitis is not associated with increased postoperative complications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anal Canal; Anastomosis, Surgical; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Pouches; Female; Humans; Ileum; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2002 |
Mercaptopurine metabolite results in clinical gastroenterology practice.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Patient Compliance; Risk Factors; Thioguanine | 2003 |
Cyclosporin for refractory ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infusions, Intravenous; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
[Invasive cancer of the cervix in a patient undergoing chronic treatment with 6-mercaptopurine for Crohns disease].
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Crohn Disease; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms | 2003 |
[Acute episode].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Child; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Prednisolone; Time Factors | 2003 |
[Chronically active Crohn's disease].
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Contraindications; Crohn Disease; Endoscopy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Folic Acid Antagonists; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Placebos; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Ultrasonography | 2003 |
[Maintaining a remission].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Child; Crohn Disease; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Folic Acid Antagonists; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Methotrexate; Placebos; Postoperative Care; Prednisolone; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Risk Factors; Time Factors | 2003 |
Azathioprine, mercaptopurine and birth outcome: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Registries; Risk Factors | 2003 |
[Pharmacogenetic study of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) and thiopurine toxicity].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics | 2002 |
Immunomodulators and "on demand" therapy with infliximab in Crohn's disease: clinical experience with 400 infusions.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Infusions, Intravenous; Intestinal Fistula; Male; Medical Records; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Rectal Fistula; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Clinical use and practical application of TPMT enzyme and 6-mercaptopurine metabolite monitoring in IBD.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Evidence-Based Medicine; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Remission Induction | 2003 |
Comparison of suppressive potency between azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine against mitogen-induced blastogenesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in-vitro.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cell Separation; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mitogens; Monocytes; T-Lymphocytes; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles | 2003 |
Position statement: immunomodulator therapy for inflammatory Bowel disease.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraindications; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Safety; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2003 |
A national survey on the patterns of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in Canada.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Canada; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Gastroenterology; Health Services; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Population Surveillance | 2003 |
Thioguanine: a potential alternate thiopurine for IBD patients allergic to 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Safety; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
[Thiopurine methyltransferase activity and myelosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Linear Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2003 |
Corticosteroids and immunomodulators: postoperative infectious complication risk in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infections; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Length of Stay; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk | 2003 |
6-mercaptopurine beats a bum rap.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Azathioprine; Humans; Infections; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Complications | 2003 |
Tioguanine in patients with Crohn's disease intolerant or resistant to azathioprine/mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
TREATMENT OF ACTIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LUPOID HEPATITIS WITH 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND AZOTHIOPRINE.
Topics: Adolescent; Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Antineoplastic Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Drug Therapy; gamma-Globulins; Gastritis; Glossitis; Hepatitis; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Promazine; Thyroiditis; Toxicology; Transaminases; Transplantation Immunology | 1964 |
THYROPARATHYROID HOMOTRANSPLANTATION BY VASCULAR ANASTOMOSIS. EFFECT OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Blood; Calcium; Dactinomycin; Dogs; Hypoparathyroidism; Mercaptopurine; Morbidity; Mortality; Parathyroid Glands; Pathology; Phosphorus; Prednisolone; Research; Suture Techniques; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroidectomy; Toxicology; Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Triiodothyronine | 1964 |
[PRESENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION].
Topics: Azaserine; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology | 1964 |
REJECTION OF KIDNEY HOMOTRANSPLANTS.
Topics: Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Dogs; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Lymph Nodes; Mercaptopurine; Pathology; Pharmacology; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1964 |
KIDNEY HOMOGRAFTS: INDUCTION OF SPECIFIC TOLERANCE THROUGH THE LYMPHOID TISSUES.
Topics: Allografts; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Dogs; Immune Tolerance; Kidney Transplantation; Liver; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoid Tissue; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacology; Radiation Effects; Research; Spleen; Splenectomy; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1964 |
STUDIES OF ENDOCRINE FUNCTION FOLLOWING TRANSPLANTATION OF THE CANINE PANCREAS.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Blood Glucose; Dogs; Immunosuppressive Agents; Islets of Langerhans; Mercaptopurine; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Pathology; Pharmacology; Physiology; Research; Transplantation, Homologous | 1964 |
THE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE OF THE COLON.
Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Animals, Laboratory; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antineoplastic Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestines; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacology; Research | 1965 |
CANINE RENAL HOMOGRAFTS: PROLONGATION OF HOMOGRAFTS BY DELAYED ANTIMETABOLITE ADMINISTRATION.
Topics: Allografts; Animals; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Dogs; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacology; Research; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1965 |
INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE TO MOUSE TAIL SKIN HOMOGRAFTS BY COMBINING PAIRED IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS AND CELLULAR ANTIGENS.
Topics: Adenine; Allografts; Animals; Antigens; Azathioprine; Bromodeoxyuridine; Dactinomycin; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymph Nodes; Mercaptopurine; Metabolism; Mice; Nucleosides; Pharmacology; Research; Skin Transplantation; Spleen; Thioguanine; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1965 |
PROLONGED ACCEPTANCE OF A CANINE RENAL ALLOGRAFT ACHIEVED WITH PREDNISOLONE.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Dogs; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacology; Prednisolone; Research; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1965 |
EXPERIENCE WITH 45 RENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATIONS IN MAN.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Azathioprine; Cobalt Isotopes; Drug Therapy; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Pathology; Postoperative Complications; Radiation Effects; Renal Insufficiency; Statistics as Topic; Toxicology; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1965 |
IMMUNOLOGIC COMPETENCE OF PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS RECEIVING CYTOTOXIC DRUG THERAPY.
Topics: Allergens; Allergy and Immunology; Aniline Compounds; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Benzene; Catechols; Geriatrics; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunocompetence; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pharmacology; Plague Vaccine; Psoriasis; Thioguanine; Triethylenemelamine; Vinblastine | 1965 |
A CASE OF DERMATOMYOSITIS TREATED WITH 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND AZATHIOPRINE.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Dermatomyositis; Drug Therapy; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 1965 |
LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF CARDIAC HOMOGRAFTS.
Topics: Allografts; Azathioprine; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Myocardium; Pathology; Research; Thoracic Surgery; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous | 1965 |
Role and side-effects of TPMT polymorphisms of 6-MP and azathioprine in the treatment of steroid-resistant and -dependent ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | 2003 |
Preventing toxicity with a gene test.
Topics: Advisory Committees; Azathioprine; Child; Drug Labeling; Drug Utilization; Genetic Testing; Humans; Inflammation; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration | 2003 |
Spectroscopy behavior of 6-Mercaptopurine, Azathiopurine, and 8-Azaguanine.
Topics: Azaguanine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Luminescence; Mercaptopurine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry | 2003 |
Predictive factors of response of perianal Crohn's disease to azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Confidence Intervals; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Rectal Fistula; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype distribution in azathioprine-tolerant and -intolerant patients with various disorders. The impact of TPMT genotyping in predicting toxicity.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Thionucleotides | 2004 |
Monitoring of AZA/6-MP treatment in children with IBD is necessary.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Drug Monitoring; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thionucleotides | 2003 |
Monitoring of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine treatment in children with IBD is not necessary.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Drug Monitoring; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thionucleotides | 2003 |
6TG: when less is more than you bargained for.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2003 |
Antagonist: Early surgical intervention in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Patient Selection; Time Factors | 2004 |
A multiplexed allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of common thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) mutations.
Topics: Alleles; Azathioprine; DNA; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Oligonucleotide Probes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Reproducibility of Results | 2004 |
The risk of congenital abnormalities in children fathered by men treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine before conception.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mercaptopurine; Paternal Exposure; Risk Factors | 2004 |
Azathioprine transport through rat skin and its immunosuppressive effect.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Azathioprine; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Mercaptopurine; Permeability; Rats; Skin; Skin Absorption | 2004 |
Effect of antimetabolite immunosuppressants on Flaviviridae, including hepatitis C virus.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Antiviral Agents; Azathioprine; Cattle; Cell Line; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hepacivirus; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mycophenolic Acid; Replicon; Ribavirin; Thioguanine; Virus Replication | 2004 |
Discordant erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in children with inflammatory bowel disease taking azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Predictive Value of Tests | 2004 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase activity influences clinical response to azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Remission Induction; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Toxicity of low dose azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in rat hepatocytes. Roles of xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial injury.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Allopurinol; Animals; Antioxidants; Azathioprine; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Hepatocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria, Liver; Necrosis; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Xanthine Oxidase | 2004 |
Some cases demonstrating the clinical usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring in thiopurine-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Treatment Refusal | 2004 |
Efficacy and safety of thiopurinic immunomodulators (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Clinical significance of azathioprine active metabolite concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Thiopurine drug adverse effects in a population of New Zealand patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Pharmacoepidemiology; Sex Distribution | 2004 |
The utility of 6-thioguanine metabolite levels in managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Azathioprine formulation optimizes metabolite profile in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Regression Analysis | 2004 |
The efficacy of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease remains uncertain.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Period; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Selective inhibition of inflammatory gene expression in activated T lymphocytes: a mechanism of immune suppression by thiopurines.
Topics: Annexin A5; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Coloring Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Immunity; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Interleukin-2; Lymphocyte Activation; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mercaptopurine; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Propidium; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; T-Lymphocytes; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
[Ulcerative colitis. Chronic active course].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Ciprofloxacin; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Risk Factors; Time Factors | 2004 |
[Ulcerative colitis. Maintenance therapy].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colorectal Neoplasms; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Patient Selection; Placebos; Proctitis; Remission Induction; Suppositories; Time Factors | 2004 |
[Immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: consensus by the Austrian working group on IBD].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Placebos; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Safety; Time Factors | 2004 |
Could immunosuppressive drugs reduce recurrence rate after second resection for Crohn disease?
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colon; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Ileum; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Postoperative Care; Recurrence; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Sperm, sex, and 6-MP: the perception on conception.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Paternal Exposure; Spermatozoa | 2004 |
Monitoring of long-term thiopurine therapy among adults with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Sulfasalazine; Thionucleotides | 2004 |
Allele frequency of inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase gene polymorphisms in a Japanese population.
Topics: Alleles; Antimetabolites; Asian People; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Gene Frequency; Genes, Recessive; Genetic Variation; Humans; Hydrolysis; Inosine Triphosphatase; Japan; Mercaptopurine; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pyrophosphatases; White People | 2004 |
Azathioprine and 6 Mercaptopurine in postoperative maintenance of Crohn's disease remission: is no evidence of effect an evidence of no effect?
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction | 2005 |
Use of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine as the immunomodulator of choice for moderately active Crohn's disease: pro.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child Welfare; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Decision Making; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index | 2005 |
Use of 6-mercapturine/azathioprine as the immunomodulator of choice for moderately active Crohn's disease: con.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Patient Care Planning; Phenotype; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Severity of Illness Index | 2005 |
Use of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine as the immunomodulator of choice for moderately active Crohn's disease: balance.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Patient Care Planning; Patient Selection; Phenotype; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Severity of Illness Index | 2005 |
ITPA genotyping test does not improve detection of Crohn's disease patients at risk of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine induced myelosuppression.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inosine Triphosphatase; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Pyrophosphatases | 2005 |
Measurement of thiopurine methyl transferase activity guides dose-initiation and prevents toxicity from azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Reference Values; Thioguanine | 2005 |
6-tioguanine monitoring in steroid-dependent patients with inflammatory bowel diseases receiving azathioprine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Immunosuppressive efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil when compared with azathioprine and mizoribine against peripheral lymphocytes from renal transplant recipients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Mycophenolic Acid; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Ribonucleosides | 2005 |
6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and previous digestive intolerance of azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Spain; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and thiopurine S-methyltransferase.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Gene Frequency; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase as a target for drug interactions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Erythrocytes; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged | 2005 |
Modeling of purine derivatives transport across cell membranes based on their partition coefficient determination and quantum chemical calculations.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Purines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioguanine | 2005 |
[Immunosuppressive agents: Imurel and Purinethol].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2005 |
Azathioprine pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease and successful subsequent treatment with mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis | 2005 |
[Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphomas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Risk Factors | 2005 |
Allopurinol safely and effectively optimizes tioguanine metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease patients not responding to azathioprine and mercaptopurine.
Topics: Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2005 |
[Thiopurine methyltransferase activity in inflammatory bowel disease. A study on 7046 Spanish patients].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged | 2005 |
[Erythrocyte activity of thiopurine methyltransferase and treatment with thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2005 |
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of erythrocyte thiopurine nucleotides and effect of thiopurine methyltransferase gene variants on these metabolites in patients receiving azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine therapy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Genetic Variation; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Hydrolysis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Purine Nucleotides; Thionucleotides | 2005 |
A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative disease management strategies in patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Community Health Services; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Genetic Testing; Health Care Costs; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
TPMT genotype and the use of thiopurines in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pancreatitis; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2005 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase and 6-thioguanine nucleotide measurement: early experience of use in clinical practice.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Erythrocytes; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thionucleotides | 2005 |
On tolerability and safety of a maintenance treatment with 6-thioguanine in azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine intolerant IBD patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Safety; Thioguanine | 2005 |
Incidence, risk factors and clinical course of thiopurine-induced liver injury in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2005 |
Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: the effect of 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Proportional Hazards Models | 2005 |
Lymphoma after Imuran and 6-MP: a new look.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 2005 |
Observations on the use of allopurinol in combination with azathioprine or mercaptopurine.
Topics: Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2005 |
Is thiopurine therapy in ulcerative colitis as effective as in Crohn's disease?
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Evidence-Based Medicine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2006 |
Predictors of immunomodulator use as early therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2006 |
6-Thioguanine-related hepatotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: dose or level dependent?
Topics: Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2006 |
American Gastroenterological Association Institute medical position statement on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid | 2006 |
Risk of lymphoma: inflammatory bowel disease and immunomodulators.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 2006 |
Pharmacogenetics during standardised initiation of thiopurine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gene Expression; Genotype; Humans; Inosine Triphosphatase; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prospective Studies; Pyrophosphatases; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Infliximab for ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2006 |
Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: the effect of 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine | 2006 |
When is too much enough?
Topics: Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2006 |
5-aminosalicylate therapy is associated with higher 6-thioguanine levels in adults and children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission on 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Utility of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping, and measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Female; Genotype; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Prednisone; Thioguanine | 2006 |
Next steps on the thiopurine methyltransferase 6-thioguanine nucleotide pathway.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Nucleotides; Remission Induction; Thioguanine | 2006 |
Evolution of thiopurine use in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in an academic center.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Heterozygote; Humans; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prednisone; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides | 2006 |
Azathioprine as a postoperative prophylaxis reduces symptoms in aggressive Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; Recurrence; Reoperation | 2006 |
Exposure to thiopurine drugs through breast milk is low based on metabolite concentrations in mother-infant pairs.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mothers; Thioguanine | 2006 |
Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: A Danish nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | 2007 |
Steroid treatment for severe acute cryptogenic hepatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Female; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Steroids; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Nonadherence with thiopurine immunomodulator and mesalamine medications in children with Crohn disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Prevalence; Treatment Refusal | 2007 |
Azathioprine and breastfeeding: is it safe?
Topics: Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mercaptopurine; Milk, Human; Pregnancy; Risk Factors | 2007 |
A nudge in the right direction: shaping the metabolic fate of thiopurines for therapeutic gain.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2007 |
Effect of allopurinol on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease nonresponders to azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Analysis of ITPA phenotype-genotype correlation in the Bulgarian population revealed a novel gene variant in exon 6.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Base Sequence; Bulgaria; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Erythrocytes; Exons; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Inosine Triphosphatase; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Mutation; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pyrophosphatases; Sex Factors | 2007 |
Thiopurine methyltransferase activity in Spain: a study of 14,545 patients.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Linear Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Spain | 2007 |
Gastroparesis in patients with inactive Crohn's disease: a case series.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastroenterostomy; Gastroparesis; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Comment: Breast-feeding during maternal use of azathioprine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Milk, Human | 2007 |
Thiopurine metabolite monitoring in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Thrombocytopenia; Treatment Refusal | 2007 |
Human glutathione transferases catalyzing the bioactivation of anticancer thiopurine prodrugs.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Catalysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Glutathione; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Mercaptopurine; Prodrugs; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Thioguanine | 2007 |
Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity is superior to genotype in predicting myelosuppression following azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Clinical Enzyme Tests; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Techniques; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphopenia; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2007 |
[Combination therapy with low-dose cyclosporin A, azathiopurine, and prednisolone for a child with refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].
Topics: Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Salvage Therapy; Splenectomy; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Liver injury in inflammatory bowel disease: long-term follow-up study of 786 patients.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Time Factors | 2007 |
The patient with persistent perianal fistulae.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Infliximab; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mercaptopurine; Rectal Fistula; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Management of steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: immunomodulatory agents, biologics, or surgery?
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Pouches; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2007 |
Adherence to thiopurine treatment in out-patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2007 |
Should we test TPMT enzyme levels before starting azathioprine?
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow Diseases; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Homozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inactivation, Metabolic; Mercaptopurine; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Neutropenia; Prodrugs; Sepsis; United Kingdom | 2007 |
A triangulation study of the clinician and patient experiences of the use of the immunosuppressant drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Attitude to Health; Azathioprine; Clinical Protocols; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Drug Utilization Review; England; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Medical Staff, Hospital; Mercaptopurine; Nurse Clinicians; Nursing Methodology Research; Patient Education as Topic; Patient Selection; Physicians, Family; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Qualitative Research; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Long-term graft function after allogeneic islet transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Insulin; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Transplantation, Homologous | 2007 |
IMPDH activity in thiopurine-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease - relation to TPMT activity and metabolite concentrations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; IMP Dehydrogenase; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2008 |
Hepatotoxicity of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and Azathioprine (AZA) in adult IBD patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2007 |
Corticosteroid-dependent eosinophilic oesophagitis: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine can induce and maintain long-term remission.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Eosinophilia; Esophagitis; Esophagoscopy; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Recurrence | 2007 |
Effect of long-term low-dose prednisone on height velocity and disease activity in pediatric and adolescent patients with Crohn disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Growth; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Health care and cost of medication for inflammatory bowel disease in the Rhein-Main region, Germany: a multicenter, prospective, internet-based study.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cost of Illness; Female; Germany; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Inpatients; Internet; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Outpatients; Prospective Studies; Registries | 2008 |
Disparities in the use of immunomodulators and biologics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Black or African American; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Maryland; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Steroids; White People | 2008 |
[Optimization of immunomodulatory treatment with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Diseases; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Remission Induction; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies | 2007 |
Tolerability and safety of mercaptopurine in azathioprine-intolerant patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Sex Distribution; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2008 |
Methotrexate following unsuccessful thiopurine therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
The role of xanthine oxidase in thiopurine metabolism: a case report.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Xanthine Oxidase | 2007 |
How are Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine dosed by gastroenterologists? Results of a survey of clinical practice.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Data Collection; Gastroenterology; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidelines as Topic | 2008 |
Differential toxic effects of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine on human hepatocytes.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Flow Cytometry; Hepatocytes; Humans; IMP Dehydrogenase; Mercaptopurine; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Neoplasm; Thioguanine | 2008 |
Increased dosing requirements for 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease patients six years and younger.
Topics: Age Factors; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies | 2008 |
Decrease in factor V activity: a new adverse effect of purine analogs in inflammatory bowel diseases?
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Factor V; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2008 |
Effect of early immunomodulator use in moderate to severe pediatric Crohn disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies | 2008 |
Medication adherence and quality of life in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Illness Behavior; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Quality of Life; Thionucleotides | 2008 |
Histopathology of liver biopsies from a thiopurine-naïve inflammatory bowel disease cohort: prevalence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biopsy, Needle; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged | 2008 |
[The frequency and the course of the adverse effects of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors | 2008 |
[The frequency and the course of the adverse effects of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine | 2008 |
Influence of xanthine oxidase on thiopurine metabolism in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Case-Control Studies; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestine, Small; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Uric Acid; Xanthine Oxidase | 2008 |
Predictive factors associated with immunosuppressive agent use in ulcerative colitis: a case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Japanese pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis: a survey of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Algorithms; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Japan; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Retrospective Studies | 2008 |
Effects and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk; Sulfasalazine | 2008 |
Pharmacogenomic studies of the anticancer and immunosuppressive thiopurines mercaptopurine and azathioprine.
Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine treatment after azathioprine hypersensitivity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Steroids | 2008 |
Foot-drop: an unusual complaint in Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Glucocorticoids; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Prednisolone; Recovery of Function | 2009 |
What are the rules when treatment with 6-MP/AZA is started?
Topics: Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2008 |
Is it always therapeutically important to distinguish between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Co-prescribing azathiopurine or 6-mercaptopurine and 5-aminosalicylate compounds in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Azathioprine: when less is more.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocyte Count; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Japan; Leukocyte Count; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Remission Induction; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Severe hepatotoxicity with high 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotide concentrations after thiopurine dose escalation due to low 6-thioguanine nucleotides.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thionucleotides | 2008 |
6-mercaptopurine as an alternative to azathioprine in azathioprine-induced hepatoxicity.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Distribution of TPMT risk alleles for thiopurine [correction of thioupurine] toxicity in the Israeli population.
Topics: Alleles; Azathioprine; Ethnicity; Female; Gene Frequency; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Israel; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Purines; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thioguanine | 2009 |
Mercaptopurine treatment should be considered in azathioprine intolerant patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase genes in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease in whom adverse drug reactions were induced by azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inosine Triphosphatase; Japan; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2009 |
[Optimising azathioprine treatment: determination of thiopurine methyltransferase activity and thiopurine metabolites].
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine | 2009 |
[Pharmacological and pharmacogenetic study of two immunomodulators: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. Strategies for preventing complications].
Topics: Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2009 |
Complete regression of cirrhosis after immunosuppressive treatment in autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Child; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Cirrhosis; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Remission Induction; Ultrasonography | 2008 |
[Inflammatory bowel disease. If a patient with Crohn's disease remains in remission for 4 years with azathioprine (or mercaptopurine), should the drug be withdrawn?].
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Time Factors | 2008 |
Monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease-what is actually measured?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2009 |
Medical therapy of IBD in 2009.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Natalizumab; Probiotics; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2009 |
Methotrexate treatment in pediatric Crohn disease patients intolerant or resistant to purine analogues.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Resistance; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Steroids | 2009 |
Inflammatory bowel disease potpourri: a vignette-based discussion.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Clostridioides difficile; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Female; Gout; Gout Suppressants; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Psoas Abscess; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2009 |
Adverse events associated with common therapy regimens for moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prednisone; Prevalence; Proportional Hazards Models; Steroids; United States | 2009 |
Impact of concomitant immunomodulator use on long-term outcomes in patients receiving scheduled maintenance infliximab.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Infusions, Intravenous; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Regression Analysis; Remission Induction; Statistics, Nonparametric; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Efficacy of methotrexate in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients unresponsive or intolerant to azathioprine /mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2009 |
Timing of myelosuppression during thiopurine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: implications for monitoring recommendations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Cohort Studies; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thrombocytopenia; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Prospective study of the effects of concomitant medications on thiopurine metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; DNA; Drug Interactions; Female; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prospective Studies; Young Adult | 2009 |
Use of azathioprine and 6MP in postoperative Crohn's: changing natural history or just along for the ride?
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence | 2009 |
Response to medical treatment in patients with Crohn's disease: the role of NOD2/CRAD15, disease phenotype, and age of diagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Infliximab; Israel; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Mutation; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies; Steroids; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2010 |
Mutagenicity and potential carcinogenicity of thiopurine treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carcinogens; Cell Proliferation; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Mutation; Regression Analysis; T-Lymphocytes | 2009 |
Mercaptopurine rescue after azathioprine-induced liver injury in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2010 |
Correlation of genotypes for thiopurine methyltransferase and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase with long-term clinical outcomes in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel diseases during treatment with thiopurine drugs.
Topics: Asian People; Azathioprine; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pyrophosphatases; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Health-related quality of life of youth with inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison with published data using the PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methylthioinosine; Middle Aged; Parents; Quality of Life; Self Concept; Severity of Illness Index; Sickness Impact Profile; Social Adjustment; Thioguanine | 2010 |
The impact of thiopurines on the risk of surgical recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease after first intestinal surgery.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Care; Probability; Proportional Hazards Models; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2010 |
Low-dose azathioprine or mercaptopurine in combination with allopurinol can bypass many adverse drug reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; London; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Queensland; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Brief report: Barriers to treatment adherence in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Severity of Illness Index; Social Environment | 2010 |
Genetic variations in the HGPRT, ITPA, IMPDH1, IMPDH2, and GMPS genes in Japanese individuals.
Topics: Asian People; Azathioprine; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; Exons; Gene Frequency; Genes, Recessive; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Guanosine Monophosphate; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inosine Triphosphatase; Introns; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pyrophosphatases; Thionucleotides | 2009 |
[Significant changes of pharmacotherapy in gastroenterological rehabilitation of Crohn's disease].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Germany; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged | 2009 |
Clinical profile, treatment, and visual outcome of ampiginous choroiditis.
Topics: Adult; Chorioretinitis; Choroiditis; Cohort Studies; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; India; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Visual Acuity | 2010 |
Thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: analyses of two 8-year intercept cohorts.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2010 |
Prediction of 6-thioguanine nucleotides levels in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel diseases during long-term thiopurine administration.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chi-Square Distribution; Erythrocyte Volume; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Japan; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nucleotides; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Thioguanine | 2010 |
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase genotype and the use of thiopurines in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease Greek patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Alleles; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Greece; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length | 2010 |
Azathioprine-induced hypersensitivity hepatitis: tolerance to 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Acute Disease; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Azathioprine or mercaptopurine-induced acute pancreatitis is not a disease-specific phenomenon.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Retrospective Studies; Statistics as Topic; Young Adult | 2010 |
Desensitization of patients with allergic reactions to immunosuppressives in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2010 |
The multidrug-resistance protein 4 polymorphism is a new factor accounting for thiopurine sensitivity in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Exons; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Japan; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Young Adult | 2010 |
Differences among allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 in the activation of azathioprine.
Topics: Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Stability; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Variation; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Mercaptopurine; Multivariate Analysis; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity; Thermodynamics | 2010 |
Monitoring of azathioprine metabolites in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Blood Cell Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2010 |
Natural history of Crohn's disease in a population-based cohort from Cardiff (1986-2003): a study of changes in medical treatment and surgical resection rates.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Drug Administration Schedule; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Wales; Young Adult | 2010 |
IBD: Switching metabolism-can two drugs be better than one?
Topics: Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2010 |
Outcomes of pregnancies fathered by inflammatory bowel disease patients exposed to thiopurines.
Topics: Azathioprine; Fathers; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Spain; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Clinical usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurines in patients with inadequately controlled inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Treatment Failure; Young Adult | 2011 |
Monitoring 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Japan; Male; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Surgical resection in Crohn's disease: is immunosuppressive medication associated with higher postoperative infection rates?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anastomotic Leak; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Ileum; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Rectum; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Wound Infection; Young Adult | 2011 |
Allopurinol-thiopurine combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: are there genetic clues to this puzzle?
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Xanthine Oxidase | 2010 |
Combination of thiopurines and allopurinol: adverse events and clinical benefit in IBD.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Opportunistic Infections; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2010 |
Long-term efficacy of adalimumab in paediatric Crohn's disease patients naïve to other anti-TNF therapies.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2010 |
Usefulness of the measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the assessment of non-adherence.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Thionucleotides; Young Adult | 2010 |
Steady-state of azathioprine during initiation treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Infliximab and/or azathioprine in the treatment of Crohn's disease-like complications after IPAA.
Topics: Adult; Anastomosis, Surgical; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Pouches; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Complications; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Tolerability and usefulness of mercaptopurine in azathioprine-intolerant Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Japan; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Statistics, Nonparametric; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Allopurinol might improve response to azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine by correcting an unfavorable metabolite ratio.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Inhibitors; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure; Retrospective Studies; Steroids; Thionucleotides; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Xanthine Oxidase | 2011 |
Outcome following thiopurine use in children with ulcerative colitis: a prospective multicenter registry study.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Azathioprine metabolite measurements are not useful in following treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in Alaska Native and other non-Caucasian people.
Topics: Adult; Alaska; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Indians, North American; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged | 2011 |
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thioguanine | 2011 |
Use of thiopurine testing in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases in clinical practice: a worldwide survey of experts.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gastroenterology; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Global Health; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2011 |
Immunodepressants.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 1965 |
Severe muscular weakness as an isolated symptom of azathioprine hypersensitivity.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Muscle Weakness | 2011 |
"Tac"kling a difficult problem: using tacrolimus to maintain remission in ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Tacrolimus | 2011 |
Female patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases are treated less frequently with immunosuppressive medication and have a higher disease activity: a subgroup analysis of a large multi-centre, prospective, internet-based study.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclosporine; Female; Germany; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Prospective Studies; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Tacrolimus | 2011 |
The effects of azathioprine on birth outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Live Birth; Mercaptopurine; Placental Circulation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth | 2011 |
Thiopurines prevent advanced colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk | 2012 |
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine: lymphoma.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine | 2011 |
Thiopurine methyl-transferase activity and azathioprine metabolite concentrations do not predict clinical outcome in thiopurine-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; ROC Curve; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2011 |
Association of Crohn's disease, thiopurines, and primary epstein-barr virus infection with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Anemia; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Ferritins; Fever; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Lymphopenia; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Splenomegaly; Triglycerides; Wisconsin | 2011 |
Steroid dependency and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in the era of immunomodulators--a population-based study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Remission Induction; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Use of thiopurines in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in an at-risk population: a cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Pigmentation; South Africa; Sunlight; Time Factors; White People; Young Adult | 2012 |
Risk of malignant lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a Dutch nationwide study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Young Adult | 2011 |
Mesenchymal stromal cell function is not affected by drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunosuppression Therapy; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Methotrexate; Osteogenesis; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2011 |
Comparative cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent postoperative clinical recurrence of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Crohn Disease; Decision Trees; Health Care Costs; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Monte Carlo Method; Postoperative Period; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Secondary Prevention | 2012 |
Evaluating the use of metabolite measurement in children receiving treatment with a thiopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Thiopurine metabolite measurement - not for everyone.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2011 |
Common misconceptions about 5-aminosalicylates and thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine | 2011 |
Managing chronic disease in Ireland: hospital admission rates and clinical outcomes in a large ulcerative colitis population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Infliximab; Ireland; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Young Adult | 2012 |
Splenic littoral cell hemangioendothelioma in a patient with Crohn's disease previously treated with immunomodulators and anti-TNF agents: a rare tumor linked to deep immunosuppression.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colonic Diseases; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Hemangioendothelioma; Hemangioma; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Immunocompromised Host; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Splenic Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2011 |
Thiopurine metabolites and TPMT activity measurement in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2011 |
Role of thiopurine and anti-TNF therapy in lymphoma in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2011 |
Outcome predictors for thiopurine maintenance therapy in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Recurrence; Regression Analysis; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
Mucosal healing for predicting clinical outcome in patients with ulcerative colitis using thiopurines in monotherapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Young Adult | 2011 |
Incidence of and impact of medications on colectomy in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis in the era of biologics.
Topics: Adult; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Referral and Consultation; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2012 |
Birth outcome in women with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and pharmacoepidemiological aspects of anti-inflammatory drug therapy.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Confidence Intervals; Crohn Disease; Denmark; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Odds Ratio; Perinatal Care; Pharmacoepidemiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Registries; Sulfasalazine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2011 |
Simultaneous quantification of eleven thiopurine nucleotides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isotope Labeling; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thionucleotides | 2012 |
Why thiopurine metabolites are relevant.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2012 |
Long-term MRI-guided combined anti-TNF-α and thiopurine therapy for Crohn's perianal fistulas.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Crohn Disease; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infliximab; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Perineum; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Rectal Fistula; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2012 |
Has there been a change in the natural history of Crohn's disease? Surgical rates and medical management in a population-based inception cohort from Western Hungary between 1977-2009.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Hungary; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Infliximab; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Phenotype; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Steroids; Sulfasalazine; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2012 |
Prognosis of lymphoma in patients following treatment with 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Tertiary Care Centers; Young Adult | 2012 |
Risk of non-melanoma skin cancer with thiopurine use in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Skin Neoplasms | 2012 |
Hepatotoxicity associated with 6-methyl mercaptopurine formation during azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine therapy does not occur on the short-term during 6-thioguanine therapy in IBD treatment.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
Excess primary intestinal lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; France; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2012 |
[A case of primary colon amyloidosis presenting as hematochezia].
Topics: Amyloidosis; Antimetabolites; Colon; Colonoscopy; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Steroids; Tomography, X-Ray Computed | 2012 |
[Two cases of thiopurine-induced acute pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis | 2012 |
[FAQs in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. This way your patient stays in remission].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; General Practice; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Prognosis | 2011 |
Increased small intestinal permeability in ulcerative colitis: rather genetic than environmental and a risk factor for extensive disease?
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Male; Mercaptopurine; Permeability; Proctitis; Remission Induction; Risk Factors; Spouses; Sucrose; Tissue Distribution | 2012 |
Optimising outcome on thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease by co-prescription of allopurinol.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Purine Nucleotides; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2012 |
[Guidelines for the management of Crohn's disease].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Budesonide; Crohn Disease; Databases, Factual; Female; Fistula; Humans; Infliximab; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Prednisolone; Pregnancy; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sulfasalazine | 2012 |
Genotyping should be considered the primary choice for pre-treatment evaluation of thiopurine methyltransferase function.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inactivation, Metabolic; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies; Sweden | 2012 |
Thiopurine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: response predictors, safety, and withdrawal in follow-up.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Patient Safety; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2012 |
Endoscopic ultrasound for perianal Crohn's disease: disease and fistula characteristics, and impact on therapy.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Ciprofloxacin; Crohn Disease; Cutaneous Fistula; Endosonography; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidental Findings; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Rectal Fistula; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2012 |
Results of the 2nd scientific workshop of the ECCO (IV): therapeutic strategies to enhance intestinal healing in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Intestinal Mucosa; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
[The effect of early immunosuppressive therapy on the rate of resections performed in patients with Chron's disease, in Veszprém county, Hungary, a population-based cohort study].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Humans; Hungary; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Treatment Failure | 2012 |
High TPMT enzyme activity does not explain drug resistance due to preferential 6-methylmercaptopurine production in patients on thiopurine treatment.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Resistance; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Statistics as Topic; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 2012 |
Risk factors and outcome of acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Asian People; Azathioprine; Blood Transfusion; Case-Control Studies; Colonic Diseases; Crohn Disease; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemoglobins; Hemostasis, Endoscopic; Humans; Ileal Diseases; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult | 2012 |
Infliximab exerts no direct hepatotoxic effect on HepG2 cells in vitro.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatoblastoma; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Liver Neoplasms; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thioguanine | 2012 |
TPMT status determination: the simplest is the most effective?
Topics: Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype | 2012 |
Azathioprine in the treatment of autoimmune blistering diseases.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Blister; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2012 |
Older age is associated with higher rate of discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Certolizumab Pegol; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polyethylene Glycols; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Failure; Withholding Treatment | 2013 |
Pregnancy outcome after paternal exposure to azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Congenital Abnormalities; Fathers; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies; Young Adult | 2012 |
Long-term prognosis of patients with ulcerative colitis treated with cytapheresis therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cytapheresis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Patient Readmission; Prednisolone; Prognosis; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2013 |
The potential influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on the induction of myelotoxicity during thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asian People; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Young Adult | 2012 |
Identifying youth nonadherence in clinical settings: data-based recommendations for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Caregivers; Child; Databases, Factual; Drug Monitoring; Family; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Patient Compliance; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2012 |
Letter: TPMT - not all that glitters is gold.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 2012 |
[Successful primary infliximab treatment of orofacial Crohn's disease without gastrointestinal manifestation].
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Oral Ulcer | 2012 |
Role of sex in the treatment and clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Growth; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
Split-dose administration of thiopurine drugs: a novel and effective strategy for managing preferential 6-MMP metabolism.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2012 |
Immunosuppression in patients with Crohn's disease and neoplasia: an ongoing clinical dilemma.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms | 2012 |
Oral azathioprine for recalcitrant pediatric atopic dermatitis: clinical response and thiopurine monitoring.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Thionucleotides | 2013 |
Yield and cost effectiveness of mycobacterial infection detection using a simple IGRA-based protocol in UK subjects with inflammatory bowel disease suitable for anti-TNFα therapy.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Interferon-gamma Release Tests; Latent Tuberculosis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United Kingdom | 2013 |
T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas reported to the FDA AERS with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors: results of the REFURBISH study.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Certolizumab Pegol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Etanercept; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Male; MEDLINE; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Polyethylene Glycols; Psoriasis; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Risk Factors; SEER Program; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration | 2013 |
Myelosuppression monitoring after immunomodulator initiation in veterans with inflammatory bowel disease: a national practice audit.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Delivery of Health Care; Drug Monitoring; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Male; Medical Audit; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Treatment Outcome; United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans | 2012 |
Addition of an immunomodulator to infliximab therapy eliminates antidrug antibodies in serum and restores clinical response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2013 |
[Immunomodulator: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Remission Induction | 2012 |
[Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer associated with IBD].
Topics: Azathioprine; Colorectal Neoplasms; Crohn Disease; Folic Acid; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine | 2012 |
The future of thiopurine pharmacogenomics.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Thioguanine | 2012 |
Should thiopurine methyltransferase genotypes and phenotypes be measured before thiopurine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; China; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prospective Studies; Young Adult | 2012 |
NICE clinical guideline (CG152): the management of Crohn's disease in adults, children and young people.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Crohn Disease; Disease Management; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; State Medicine; United Kingdom; Young Adult | 2013 |
Decreasing colectomy rates for ulcerative colitis: a population-based time trend study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alberta; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Prescriptions; Elective Surgical Procedures; Emergency Treatment; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Linear Models; Logistic Models; Male; Medical Records; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors | 2012 |
Letter: successful mercaptopurine therapy after azathioprine-related pancreatitis in patients with IBD - authors' reply.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2013 |
Letter: successful mercaptopurine therapy after azathioprine-related pancreatitis in patients with IBD.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2013 |
Clinical experience with adalimumab in anti-TNF-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Steroids; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
The impact of introducing thioguanine nucleotide monitoring into an inflammatory bowel disease clinic.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Child; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2013 |
Monitoring of thiopurine metabolites - a high-performance liquid chromatography method for clinical use.
Topics: Adult; Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Pilot Projects; Potassium Permanganate; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Purines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 2013 |
[Myelotoxicity due to interaction between azathioprine and allopurinol in a patient with Crohn's disease].
Topics: Aged; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Bone Marrow Diseases; Crohn Disease; Drug Interactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Xanthine Oxidase | 2013 |
The effect of allopurinol and low-dose thiopurine combination therapy on the activity of three pivotal thiopurine metabolizing enzymes: results from a prospective pharmacological study.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fatigue; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Nausea; Prospective Studies; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Xanthine Oxidase | 2013 |
Safety of thiopurines and anti-TNF-α drugs during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
Allopurinol safely and effectively optimises thiopurine metabolites in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Salvage Therapy; Thioguanine | 2013 |
The utility of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme testing in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukopenia; Male; Manitoba; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2013 |
Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Crohn's disease and HLA-B27 in black South African women.
Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Azathioprine; Back Pain; Black People; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; HLA-B27 Antigen; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Severity of Illness Index; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Ursodeoxycholic Acid | 2012 |
Nomenclature for alleles of the thiopurine methyltransferase gene.
Topics: Alleles; Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Thioguanine | 2013 |
Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing: 2013 update.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2013 |
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine in the management of patients with chronic, active microscopic colitis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Colitis, Microscopic; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
Thiopurine treatment in patients with Crohn's disease leads to a selective reduction of an effector cytotoxic gene expression signature revealed by whole-genome expression profiling.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Azathioprine; Cells, Cultured; Chemokines; Crohn Disease; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Interferons; Killer Cells, Natural; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mercaptopurine; Ribosomes; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transcription Factors; Transcriptome; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Editorial: Are thiopurines and anti-TNFα agents safe to use in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
Relationship between azathioprine dosage and thiopurine metabolites in pediatric IBD patients: identification of covariables using multilevel analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Multilevel Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides | 2013 |
Addition of thiopurines can recapture response in patients with Crohn's disease who have lost response to anti-tumor necrosis factor monotherapy.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Crohn Disease; Drug Substitution; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2013 |
Thiopurine effectiveness in patients with Crohn's disease: a study of genetic and clinical predictive factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2013 |
Mechanism of allopurinol induced TPMT inhibition.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Oxypurinol; Prospective Studies; Xanthines | 2013 |
Are thiopurines always contraindicated after thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease?
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Contraindications; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medical Records; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Retrospective Studies; Secondary Prevention | 2013 |
Poor response to thiopurine in inflammatory bowel disease: how to overcome therapeutic resistance?
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence; Treatment Failure; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2013 |
Commentary.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2013 |
Commentary.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2013 |
Risk factors for serious adverse effects of thiopurines in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Female; Genotype; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Multivariate Analysis; Pancreatitis; Polymorphism, Genetic; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Young Adult | 2013 |
Usefulness of thiopurine metabolites in predicting azathioprine resistance in pediatric IBD patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2013 |
Factors for hepatitis B vaccination and abnormal liver function in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a single center experience.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Vaccination | 2013 |
[The association between the therapeutic agent and the compliance of the patients with inflammatory bowel diseases].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Demography; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors | 2013 |
Risk of lymphoma in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with thiopurines: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Infliximab; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs | 2013 |
Thiopurines related malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: local experience in Granada, Spain.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Hospitals, University; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasms; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Spain; Young Adult | 2013 |
Immunosuppressive drug azathioprine reduces aneurysm progression through inhibition of Rac1 and c-Jun-terminal-N-kinase in endothelial cells.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Rupture; Apolipoproteins E; Azathioprine; Cell Line, Tumor; Coculture Techniques; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Endothelial Cells; Enzyme Activation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation Mediators; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Monocytes; Neuropeptides; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; Signal Transduction | 2013 |
Implementation of TPMT testing.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Labeling; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Thioguanine | 2014 |
Phenotypic features of Crohn's disease associated with failure of medical treatment.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Alberta; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Treatment Failure; Young Adult | 2014 |
Prevalence of TPMT polymorphism in Indian patients requiring immunomodulator therapy and its clinical significance.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Heterozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; India; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies | 2014 |
Infliximab and/or immunomodulators inhibit immune responses to trivalent influenza vaccination in adults with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Viral; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunity, Active; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza B virus; Influenza Vaccines; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Tacrolimus | 2014 |
[Crohn's disease: no advantage by azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine | 2013 |
Lymphoma: the bête noire of the long-term use of thiopurines in adult and elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2013 |
Limited risks of major congenital anomalies in children of mothers with IBD and effects of medications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Logistic Models; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; United Kingdom; Young Adult | 2014 |
Thiopurines during pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: is there a risk for the (unborn) child?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Fetus; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Purines; Remission Induction; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
Increased effectiveness of early therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α vs an immunomodulator in children with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Child; Child Development; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Infliximab; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Propensity Score; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome | 2014 |
Thiopurines are associated with a reduction in surgical re-resections in patients with Crohn's disease: a long-term follow-up study in a regional and academic cohort.
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Secondary Prevention; Survival Rate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2013 |
Differences in the management of pediatric and adult onset ulcerative colitis--lessons from the joint ECCO and ESPGHAN consensus guidelines for the management of pediatric ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Algorithms; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Child; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Infliximab; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Practice Guidelines as Topic | 2014 |
American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-α biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Gastroenterology; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction; Societies, Medical; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States | 2013 |
The debated role for thiopurines in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction | 2014 |
Long-term prognosis of crohn's disease and its temporal change between 1981 and 2012: a hospital-based cohort study from Korea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2014 |
6-Mercaptopurine/Azathioprine remains an important contributor in managing Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome | 2014 |
The impact of timing and duration of thiopurine treatment on first intestinal resection in Crohn's disease: national UK population-based study 1989-2010.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Propensity Score; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom | 2014 |
Acute thiopurine overdose: analysis of reports to a National Poison Centre 1995-2013.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Charcoal; Child, Preschool; Drug Overdose; Female; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Poison Control Centers; Retrospective Studies; Switzerland | 2014 |
Febuxostat as a novel option to optimize thiopurines' metabolism in patients with inadequate metabolite levels.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Febuxostat; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Muscular Diseases; Thiazoles; Thionucleotides; Xanthine Oxidase | 2014 |
Reply: To PMID 23891975.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2014 |
Have we overestimated the risk of lymphoma associated with thiopurine treatment for ulcerative colitis?
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2014 |
Identification of a novel thiopurine S-methyltransferase allele (TPMT*37).
Topics: Aged; Alleles; Amino Acid Sequence; Azathioprine; Exome; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; White People | 2014 |
Determination of inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase in red blood cells using HPLC: an improved method.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Pyrophosphatases | 2014 |
Risk of colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis under thiopurine treatment.
Topics: Adult; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Probability; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Spain; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2014 |
Efficacy of early immunomodulator therapy on the outcomes of Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Early Medical Intervention; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2014 |
Infliximab as a bridge to remission maintained by antimetabolite therapy in Crohn's disease: A retrospective study.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infliximab; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Retreatment; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Treatment Failure; Withholding Treatment; Young Adult | 2014 |
Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Algorithms; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Remission Induction; Thalidomide; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Thiopurine metabolite ratios for monitoring therapy in pediatric Crohn disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Crohn Disease; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Odds Ratio; Thionucleotides; Treatment Failure | 2014 |
Decrease in factor V activity in patients treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Factor V; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2014 |
Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors on drug-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Pancreatitis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Young Adult | 2014 |
In-vitro immunosuppression of canine T-lymphocyte-specific proliferation with dexamethasone, cyclosporine, and the active metabolites of azathioprine and leflunomide in a flow-cytometric assay.
Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Azathioprine; Cell Proliferation; Crotonates; Cyclosporine; Dexamethasone; Dogs; Flow Cytometry; Hydroxybutyrates; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoxazoles; Leflunomide; Mercaptopurine; Nitriles; T-Lymphocytes; Toluidines | 2014 |
Early use of thiopurines or methotrexate reduces major abdominal and perianal surgery in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anal Canal; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Secondary Prevention; Young Adult | 2014 |
Ustekinumab for Resistant Pediatric Crohn Disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Gastrointestinal Agents; Growth Disorders; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Injections, Subcutaneous; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Ustekinumab | 2016 |
Harmful effects of the azathioprine metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in vascular cells: induction of mineralization.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Azathioprine; Calcium; Disease Progression; Mercaptopurine; Minerals; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phenotype; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2014 |
Routine use of thiopurines in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Registries; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Steroids; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United States | 2014 |
Hospitalisation, surgical and medical recurrence rates in inflammatory bowel disease 2003-2011—a Danish population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Constriction, Pathologic; Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2014 |
Response to Fujita.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 2014 |
Level of evidence supporting the use of thiopurine in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 2014 |
HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to pancreatitis induced by thiopurine immunosuppressants.
Topics: Azathioprine; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Haplotypes; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Pancreatitis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Risk Factors | 2014 |
Hematologic indices as surrogate markers for monitoring thiopurine therapy in IBD.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Hematologic Tests; Hemoglobins; Humans; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Platelet Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Leukopenia predicts remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and Behcet's disease on thiopurine maintenance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Colitis, Ulcerative; Comorbidity; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prognosis; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2015 |
Novel assay to improve therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Young Adult | 2014 |
Thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease: relapse and recapture rates, with predictive factors in 237 patients.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2014 |
[No best treatment for severe outbreaks: Maintenance, the key in colitis].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Management; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Patient Preference; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Salicylates; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2011 |
How thiopurines are used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: an Italian survey.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastroenterology; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Italy; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians' | 2015 |
Is less more: does leukopenia predict remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving thiopurine treatment?
Topics: Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2015 |
Editorial: thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2015 |
Risk factors for initial surgery in patients with Crohn's disease in Central China.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Appendectomy; Child; China; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Young Adult | 2015 |
Impact of timing and duration of thiopurine treatment on first perianal surgery in Crohn's disease: UK population-based study (1995-2009).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anus Diseases; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Perineum; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom; Young Adult | 2015 |
Reactivity against microsatellite instability-induced frameshift mutations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoantigens; Case-Control Studies; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Microsatellite Instability; Middle Aged; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
Letter: Thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine | 2015 |
The risk of tuberculosis in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving tumor necrosis factor-α blockers.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Infliximab; Latent Tuberculosis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
Exome sequencing and array-based comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of preferential 6-methylmercaptopurine producers.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Crohn Disease; DNA Copy Number Variations; Drug Resistance; Exome; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Mutation | 2015 |
Concomitant use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine decreases the risk of anti-TNF-induced skin lesions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Body Mass Index; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Eruptions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Smoking; Th1 Cells; Th17 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2015 |
Thiopurine metabolites variations during co-treatment with aminosalicylates for inflammatory bowel disease: effect of N-acetyl transferase polymorphisms.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Genotype; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Pilot Projects; Polymorphism, Genetic; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Routinely Established Skewed Thiopurine Metabolism Leads to a Strikingly High Rate of Early Therapeutic Failure in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Treatment Failure; Young Adult | 2015 |
Rac1 Polymorphisms and Thiopurine Efficacy in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Resistance; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Israel; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; Remission Induction | 2015 |
Allopurinol and 5-aminosalicylic acid influence thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro.
Topics: Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Cell Line, Tumor; Hepatocytes; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine | 2015 |
Liver steatosis is a risk factor for hepatotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease under immunosuppressive treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Body Mass Index; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Ultrasonography; Young Adult | 2015 |
Successful Pregnancies with Thiopurine-Allopurinol Co-Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Successful Mercaptopurine Usage despite Azathioprine-Induced Pancreatitis in Paediatric Crohn's Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis | 2015 |
Body Mass Index and Smoking Affect Thioguanine Nucleotide Levels in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Linear Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Obesity; Retrospective Studies; Smoking; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Prognosis of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Sustained Remission After Thiopurines Withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Withholding Treatment | 2015 |
NUDT15 R139C causes thiopurine-induced early severe hair loss and leukopenia in Japanese patients with IBD.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asian People; Azathioprine; Chi-Square Distribution; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Japan; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Leukopenia; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Phenotype; Pyrophosphatases; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2016 |
Effects of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine on canine primary hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hepatocytes; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2015 |
Clinical predictors of thiopurine-related adverse events in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Alberta; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
Should thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity be determined before prescribing azathioprine, mercaptopurine, or thioguanine?
Topics: Azathioprine; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Thioguanine | 2015 |
Postoperative Effects of Thiopurines in Patients with Intestinal Behçet's Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aminosalicylic Acids; Azathioprine; Behcet Syndrome; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2015 |
Infliximab in ulcerative colitis: real-life analysis of factors predicting treatment discontinuation due to lack of response or colectomy: ECIA (ACAD Colitis and Infliximab Study).
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Progression; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Infliximab; Leukapheresis; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Protective Factors; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Treatment Failure | 2016 |
Effect of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Related Characteristics and Treatment Interventions on Cardiovascular Disease Incidence.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
Early Thiopurines Versus Conventional Step-Care Therapy for Modifying the Disease Course of Early Crohn's Disease: A Tertiary Referral Center Cohort Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
TPMT Testing Before Starting Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine: Surely Just Do It?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Variation; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thrombocytopenia | 2015 |
Does lymphopenia or macrocytosis reflect 6-thioguanine levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine?
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2016 |
Long-term follow-up of patients with difficult to treat type 1 autoimmune hepatitis on Tacrolimus therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Azathioprine; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Cyclosporine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Mycophenolic Acid; Prednisolone; Retreatment; Tacrolimus; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2016 |
Safety Profile of Thiopurines in Crohn Disease: Analysis of 893 Patient-Years Follow-Up in a Southern China Cohort.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Body Mass Index; China; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Socioeconomic Factors | 2015 |
Thiopurine metabolite testing in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2016 |
Predictors of Thiopurine Treatment Failure in Biologic-Naïve Ulcerative Colitis Patients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Chi-Square Distribution; Colitis, Ulcerative; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Drug Substitution; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Hypoalbuminemia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Nutritional Status; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Human; Severity of Illness Index; Steroids; Time Factors; Treatment Failure; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2016 |
Timing of Thiopurine or Anti-TNF Initiation Is Associated with the Risk of Major Abdominal Surgery in Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Databases, Factual; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Laparotomy; Logistic Models; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2016 |
New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology Guidelines for the Management of Refractory Ulcerative Colitis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Appendectomy; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclosporine; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Leukapheresis; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; New Zealand; Pediatrics; Piperidines; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrimidines; Pyrroles; Recurrence; Severity of Illness Index; Tacrolimus; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
A retrospective study of anaemia in neonates exposed to thiopurines in utero.
Topics: Anemia; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies | 2016 |
Budesonide as first-line therapy for non-cirrhotic autoimmune hepatitis in children: a decision analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Budesonide; Child; Child, Preschool; Decision Support Techniques; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Health Care Costs; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Illinois; Markov Chains; Mercaptopurine; Monte Carlo Method; Prednisone; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Treatment Outcome | 2016 |
Idiopathic portal hypertension regarding thiopurine treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pancytopenia; Splenomegaly; Treatment Outcome | 2016 |
Optimize Thiopurine Therapy in Autoimmune Hepatitis.
Topics: Azathioprine; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2016 |
Thiopurines best practice.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemoglobins; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
NUDT15 variant and thiopurine-induced leukopenia in Hong Kong.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Hong Kong; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pyrophosphatases; Young Adult | 2016 |
Clinical Value of Mercaptopurine After Failing Azathioprine Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2016 |
Association Between Breast Cancer Recurrence and Immunosuppression in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cohort Study.
Topics: Adalimumab; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Etanercept; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Medicare; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States | 2016 |
Combination of infliximab with thiopurines significantly reduces white cell and neutrophil counts in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2017 |
Impact on Life Expectancy of Withdrawing Thiopurines in Patients with Crohn's Disease in Sustained Clinical Remission: A Lifetime Risk-Benefit Analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; France; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Life Expectancy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Withholding Treatment | 2016 |
A Simple Method for TPMT and ITPA Genotyping Using Multiplex HRMA for Patients Treated with Thiopurine Drugs.
Topics: Alleles; Azathioprine; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inosine Triphosphatase; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Pharmacogenomic Testing; Pyrophosphatases | 2016 |
NUDT15: a novel player in thiopurine metabolism.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Phenotype; Pyrophosphatases | 2016 |
Prevention of Antidrug Antibody Formation to Infliximab in Crohn's Patients With Prior Failure of Thiopurines.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibody Formation; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15 C415T variant as a predictor for thiopurine-induced toxicity in Indian patients.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Azathioprine; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; India; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Pyrophosphatases; Risk | 2017 |
Thiopurines in the Management of Crohn's Disease: Safety and Efficacy Profile in Patients with Normal TPMT Activity-A Retrospective Study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2016 |
Reassuring results on birth outcomes in children fathered by men treated with azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine within 3 months before conception: a nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Congenital Abnormalities; Denmark; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Paternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Young Adult | 2017 |
Determination of Concentrations of Azathioprine Metabolites 6-Thioguanine and 6-Methylmercaptopurine in Whole Blood With the Use of Liquid Chromatography Combined With Mass Spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Organ Transplantation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 2016 |
A coding variant in
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; Animals; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Female; Genetic Markers; Genome-Wide Association Study; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Young Adult | 2017 |
Microbiota: relevant player in thiopurine metabolisation?
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Microbiota | 2017 |
Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine-induced Liver Injury: Clinical Features and Outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Azathioprine; Bilirubin; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Cholestasis; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2017 |
Frequency of thiopurine methyltransferase mutation in patients of Mediterranean area with inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune disorders.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Italy; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Mutation; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2016 |
Experts Opinion on the Practical Use of Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy | 2016 |
A Case of Thiopurine-Induced Acute Myocarditis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Atrial Fibrillation; Azathioprine; Cardiac Imaging Techniques; Colitis, Ulcerative; Fever; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypotension; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Myocarditis | 2016 |
Mercaptopurine and inflammatory bowel disease: the other thiopurine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Failure | 2017 |
A Data-Based Hypothesis Explicating Thiopurine Therapeutic Failure in Biologic-Naive UC.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biological Products; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2017 |
Rate and Predictors of Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Thiopurines: Results of a Multicentric Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonoscopy; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Addition of an immunomodulator can reverse antibody formation and loss of response in patients treated with adalimumab.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Improvements in the Long-Term Outcome of Crohn's Disease Over the Past Two Decades and the Relation to Changes in Medical Management: Results from the Population-Based IBDSL Cohort.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Netherlands; Prednisone; Propensity Score; Proportional Hazards Models; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult | 2017 |
Five-year Safety Data From ENCORE, a European Observational Safety Registry for Adults With Crohn's Disease Treated With Infliximab [Remicade®] or Conventional Therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Demyelinating Diseases; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Infliximab; Infusions, Intravenous; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Mortality; Narcotics; Prednisone; Prospective Studies; Registries; Risk Factors; Sulfasalazine; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2017 |
Enduring Value of Thiopurines for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2017 |
Methotrexate for Refractory Crohn's Disease Compared with Thiopurines: A Retrospective Non-head-to-head Controlled Study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Quality of Life; Research Design; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Do Thiopurines Reduce the Risk of Surgery in Elderly Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A 20-Year National Population-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Survival Analysis; United Kingdom; Young Adult | 2017 |
Association of Therapy for Autoimmune Disease With Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Mitoxantrone; Mycophenolic Acid; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Odds Ratio; Psoriasis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States | 2017 |
Editorial: can we get more clinical benefit from thiopurine metabolite testing?
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2017 |
Influence of age at diagnosis on the clinical characteristics of Crohn's disease in Korea: Results from the CONNECT study.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infliximab; Intestines; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Prognosis; Republic of Korea; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2017 |
Multicentric Case-Control Study on Azathioprine Dose and Pharmacokinetics in Early-onset Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thioguanine | 2017 |
Machine Learning Algorithms for Objective Remission and Clinical Outcomes with Thiopurines.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Machine Learning; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Early Thiopurine Treatment Is Probably Beneficial but Time From Diagnosis Must Be Evaluated.
Topics: Azathioprine; Mercaptopurine | 2017 |
Safety of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease naïve to thiopurine treatment
.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Collagenous colitis: Requirement for high-dose budesonide as maintenance treatment.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Colitis, Collagenous; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Spain | 2017 |
Pharmacology of Thiopurine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Complete Blood Cell Count Outcomes: A 5-Year Database Study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Cell Count; Databases, Factual; Drug Monitoring; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thionucleotides; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Tolerability profile of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective experience.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Italy; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nausea; Prospective Studies | 2017 |
Thiopurine use associated with reduced B and natural killer cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Antigens, CD19; Apoptosis; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocytes; Case-Control Studies; CD3 Complex; Colon; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Killer Cells, Natural; Mercaptopurine; Mucous Membrane; Natural Killer T-Cells; Risk; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory | 2017 |
Combined Detection of NUDT15 Variants Could Highly Predict Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia in Chinese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Cohort Studies; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Pyrophosphatases; Risk Factors; Young Adult | 2017 |
Optimizing Thiopurine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among 2 Real-life Intercept Cohorts: Effect of Allopurinol Comedication?
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Bone density in pediatric Crohn's disease: A cross-sectional observation from South India.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; India; Male; Mercaptopurine; Vitamin D Deficiency | 2017 |
Higher Thioguanine Nucleotide Metabolite Levels are Associated With Better Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Drug Monitoring; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Up-Regulation; Young Adult | 2018 |
Thiopurines prevented surgical recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease after intestinal resection: Strategy based on risk stratification.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestine, Small; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Observational Studies as Topic; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Young Adult | 2018 |
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopurines in an in vitro model of human hepatocytes: Insights from an innovative mass spectrometry assay.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hepatocytes; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Purines; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2017 |
Paternal use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine or methotrexate within 3 months before conception and long-term health outcomes in the offspring-A nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child Health; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Fathers; Female; Fertilization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 2017 |
Thiopurine metabolite levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and/or chronic hand/foot eczema treated with azathioprine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
Cost-utility Analysis: Thiopurines Plus Endoscopy-guided Biological Step-up Therapy is the Optimal Management of Postoperative Crohn's Disease.
Topics: Adult; Biological Therapy; Canada; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Crohn Disease; Decision Support Techniques; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Markov Chains; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Period; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Recurrence; Thioguanine | 2017 |
All Thiopurines Are Equal But Some Thiopurines Are More Equal Than Others-Reply.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mercaptopurine; Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 2018 |
All Thiopurines Are Equal but Some Thiopurines Are More Equal Than Others.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mercaptopurine; Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 2018 |
Paternal use of thiopurines and methotrexate: Are we reassured enough?
Topics: Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate | 2018 |
Allopurinol Co-prescription Improves the Outcome of Azathioprine Treatment in Chronic Eczema.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Dermatitis, Atopic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eczema; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Guanine Nucleotides; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
A Role for Thiopurine Metabolites in the Synergism Between Thiopurines and Infliximab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides | 2018 |
Azathioprine-induce acute submandibular sialadenitis in a patient with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Budesonide; Crohn Disease; Drug Substitution; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Sialadenitis; Submandibular Gland; Ultrasonography | 2018 |
Efficacy of infliximab biosimilars in patients with Crohn's disease - Authors' reply.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Letter: thiopurines - is less really more?
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2018 |
Editorial: thiopurine-induced myelosuppression and infections in inflammatory bowel disease patients with a normal TPMT genotype-the perils of ageing.
Topics: Aging; Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2018 |
Editorial: thiopurine-induced myelosuppression and infections in inflammatory bowel disease patients with a normal TPMT genotype-the perils of ageing. Authors' reply.
Topics: Aging; Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases | 2018 |
Spontaneous retrobulbar haemorrhage in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Mercaptopurine; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Thiopurine Drugs Repositioned as Tyrosinase Inhibitors.
Topics: Acute Disease; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Catalytic Domain; Drug Repositioning; Enzyme Assays; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Leukemia; Melanins; Melanoma, Experimental; Mercaptopurine; Molecular Docking Simulation; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioguanine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2017 |
Role of thiopurines as disease-modifying agents in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2018 |
Disease Course and Treatment Responses in Children With Relapsing Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Cohort Studies; Disability Evaluation; Europe; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; International Cooperation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mycophenolic Acid; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; Neuromyelitis Optica; Recurrence; Rituximab; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
Cutaneous side effects caused by treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methotrexate; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
Late-onset Rise of 6-MMP Metabolites in IBD Patients on Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Thioguanine; Young Adult | 2018 |
Thiopurine Optimization Through Combination With Allopurinol in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2018 |
Impact of thiopurines on the natural history and surgical outcome of ulcerative colitis: a cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Progression; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2019 |
Clinical Course of Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia in Thiopurine Treated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Liver Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Young Adult | 2019 |
Nonsynonymous Polymorphism in Guanine Monophosphate Synthetase Is a Risk Factor for Unfavorable Thiopurine Metabolite Ratios in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor; Cohort Studies; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Thionucleotides; Young Adult | 2018 |
Editorial: an argument for low-dose thiopurine allopurinol combination use as first-line therapy in inflammatory bowel disease-authors' reply.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2018 |
Editorial: an argument for low-dose thiopurine allopurinol combination use as first-line therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2018 |
Sperm DNA Integrity is Unaffected by Thiopurine Treatment in Men With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; DNA; DNA Fragmentation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nucleotides; Prospective Studies; Semen; Semen Analysis; Spermatozoa; Thioguanine; Young Adult | 2019 |
The Impact of Thiopurine Metabolite Monitoring on the Durability of Thiopurine Monotherapy in Pediatric IBD.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Drug Monitoring; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine | 2019 |
NUDT15 codon 139 is the best pharmacogenetic marker for predicting thiopurine-induced severe adverse events in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study.
Topics: Alopecia; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomic Structural Variation; Haplotypes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Japan; Leukopenia; Logistic Models; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Pharmacogenetics; Pyrophosphatases; Retrospective Studies; Risk; ROC Curve; Sulfasalazine | 2018 |
Thiopurine-induced toxicity is associated with dysfunction variant of the human molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene (xanthinuria type II).
Topics: Adult; Aldehyde Oxidase; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Sulfurtransferases; Uric Acid; Xanthine; Xanthine Dehydrogenase; Xanthine Oxidase | 2018 |
Optimized thiopurine therapy before withdrawal of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Crohn Disease; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Male; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence; Thioguanine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Withholding Treatment; Young Adult | 2018 |
Analytical and Sample Preparation Protocol for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of 12 Thiopurine Metabolites Related to Clinical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine | 2018 |
Clinical experience of optimising thiopurine use through metabolite measurement in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Young Adult | 2018 |
Biochemical efficacy of tioguanine in autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective review of practice in the Netherlands.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2018 |
Longitudinal Barriers to Thiopurine Adherence in Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Self Report | 2019 |
Pharmacokinetics and Immune Reconstitution Following Discontinuation of Thiopurine Analogues: Implications for Drug Withdrawal Strategies.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bacterial Toxins; Cell Proliferation; Enterotoxins; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immune Reconstitution; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Muromonab-CD3; Superantigens; T-Lymphocytes; Thionucleotides; Withholding Treatment | 2018 |
Positioning biological agents: Session two summary.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Crohn Disease; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Jejunum; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Recurrence; Risk Assessment; Young Adult | 2018 |
Lower 6-MMP/6-TG Ratio May Be a Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis.
Topics: Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of long-term thiopurine maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis in Turkey: A single-center experience.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Induction Chemotherapy; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Time; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for Thiopurine Dosing Based on TPMT and NUDT15 Genotypes: 2018 Update.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Dosage Calculations; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomic Testing; Pyrophosphatases; Thioguanine | 2019 |
Do clinical and laboratory parameters predict thiopurine metabolism and clinical outcome in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases?
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Models, Statistical; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2019 |
Mean Corpuscular Volume to White Blood Cell Ratio for Thiopurine Monitoring in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Erythrocyte Indices; Feces; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukocyte Count; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Male; Mercaptopurine; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Thionucleotides; Young Adult | 2019 |
Effects of azathioprine and its metabolites on inflammatory cytokines in human nasal polyp organ cultures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Polyps; Organ Culture Techniques; Young Adult | 2019 |
Predictors of anti-TNF treatment failure in anti-TNF-naive patients with active luminal Crohn's disease: a prospective, multicentre, cohort study.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Age Factors; Antibodies; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Serum Albumin; Smoking; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Young Adult | 2019 |
Long-term effect of NUDT15 R139C on hematologic indices in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with thiopurine.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Heterozygote; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Mutation, Missense; Pyrophosphatases; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Tokyo; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2019 |
Acute pulmonary embolism in a child with ANCA-negative Idiopathic Pulmonary Capillaritis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Capillaries; Chest Pain; Child; Female; Hemorrhage; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Hypoxia; Lung; Lung Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Embolism; Treatment Outcome; Vasculitis | 2019 |
Increased risk of thiopurine-related adverse events in elderly patients with IBD.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2019 |
Prediction of Thiopurine Metabolite Levels Based on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters.
Topics: Adolescent; Area Under Curve; Child; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Models, Biological; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thioguanine | 2019 |
Determination of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine metabolites in dried blood spots: Correlation with RBC concentrations.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Chromatography, Liquid; Dried Blood Spot Testing; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2020 |
An intronic FTO variant rs16952570 confers protection against thiopurine-induced myelotoxicities in multiethnic Asian IBD patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; Asian People; Azathioprine; Female; Genetic Variation; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Introns; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2020 |
Long-term prognosis of ulcerative colitis and its temporal changes between 1986 and 2015 in a population-based cohort in the Songpa-Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prognosis; Republic of Korea; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2020 |
Lack of Increased Risk of Lymphoma by Thiopurines or Biologics in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large-Scale Administrative Database Analysis.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Databases, Factual; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Infliximab; Japan; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Perspectives From Patients and Gastroenterologists on De-escalating Therapy for Crohn's Disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Gastroenterologists; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors | 2021 |
Increased Discontinuation Rates of Anti-TNF Therapy in Elderly Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Deprescriptions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Registries; Remission Induction; Treatment Failure; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Young Adult | 2020 |
Association between thiopurine exposure and depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Depression; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; Retrospective Studies; Veterans | 2020 |
Adherence to Azathioprine/6-Mercaptopurine in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Multimethod Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2020 |
Switching to a Second Thiopurine in Adult and Elderly Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Study From the ENEIDA Registry.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Drug Substitution; Drug Tolerance; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Risk Adjustment; Spain | 2020 |
Outcome of concomitant treatment with thiopurines and allopurinol in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide Danish cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Denmark; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Signal Transduction; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome | 2020 |
Understanding the state of pharmacogenomic testing for thiopurine methyltransferase within a large health system.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Delivery of Health Care; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; North Carolina; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomic Testing; Retrospective Studies | 2020 |
Limited added value of laboratory monitoring in thiopurine maintenance monotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Drug Monitoring; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Purines; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult | 2020 |
Treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and factors related with disease recurrence
Topics: Adult; Breast; Female; Granulomatous Mastitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies | 2020 |
Role of Thiopurines in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Real-Life Prospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies | 2020 |
Impact of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor and Thiopurine Medications on the Development of COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Veterans Administration Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs | 2020 |
[Isolated Crohn's disease of the vulva with rapid clinical response to infliximab and azathioprine].
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Treatment Outcome; Vulva; Young Adult | 2020 |
Safety of Thiopurine Use in Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Recurrence | 2020 |
Poor Drug Sustainability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in Clinical Remission on Thiopurine Monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Quebec; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2021 |
Mycophenolic acid and 6-mercaptopurine both inhibit B-cell proliferation in granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients, whereas only mycophenolic acid inhibits B-cell IL-6 production.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; B-Lymphocyte Subsets; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; Female; Flow Cytometry; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Interleukin-6; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Mycophenolic Acid | 2020 |
Editorial: balancing safety and efficacy-6-TGN thresholds in NUDT15 intermediate metabolisers treated with thiopurines.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine | 2020 |
Thiopurines and their optimization during infliximab induction and maintenance: A retrospective study in Crohn's disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infliximab; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome | 2021 |
Efficacy, safety and drug survival of thioguanine as maintenance treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective multi-centre study in the United Kingdom.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom | 2020 |
Adding Thiopurine After Loss of Response to Infliximab Versus Early Combination in Treating Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Study.
Topics: Adult; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Infliximab; Japan; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome | 2021 |
Infliximab, Immunomodulators and Treatment Failures in Paediatric and Adolescent Patients with Crohn's Disease: a Nationwide Cohort Study.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Crohn Disease; Denmark; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Treatment Failure; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult | 2021 |
Are changes in the blood count clinically useful marker of azathioprine dose?
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies | 2020 |
Thiopurine monotherapy is effective in ulcerative colitis but significantly less so in Crohn's disease: long-term outcomes for 11 928 patients in the UK inflammatory bowel disease bioresource.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Retrospective Studies; United Kingdom | 2021 |
Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Cesarean Section; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Congenital Abnormalities; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Infections; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms; Netherlands; Patient Admission; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Vaccines | 2021 |
Effect of IBD medications on COVID-19 outcomes: results from an international registry.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; COVID-19; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; International Cooperation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Registries; Risk Adjustment; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors | 2021 |
Editorial: thiopurine/anti-TNF use during pregnancy-more encouraging safety data.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Denmark; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Pregnancy; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Influence of allopurinol on thiopurine associated toxicity: A retrospective population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2021 |
Better Late than Never: Adding Thiopurines After Loss of Response to Infliximab Monotherapy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine | 2021 |
The prevalence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in long-term thiopurine-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypertension, Portal; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Prevalence | 2021 |
Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes After Fetal Exposure to Biologics and Thiopurines Among Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biological Products; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Mucosa; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; United States | 2021 |
There is still a place for optimised thiopurine therapy in IBD.
Topics: Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 2021 |
Treatment-based risk stratification of infections in inflammatory bowel disease: A comparison between anti-tumor necrosis factor-α and nonbiological exposure in real-world setting.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Risk Assessment; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2021 |
Differential effects of mesalazine formulations on thiopurine metabolism through thiopurine S-methyltransferase inhibition.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies | 2021 |
Adverse Events of Thiopurine Therapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlations with Metabolites: A Cohort Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Child; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Substitution; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Netherlands; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Withholding Treatment | 2022 |
Adverse Drug Reactions from Real-World Data in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the IBDREAM Registry.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Azathioprine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacovigilance; Registries; Retrospective Studies | 2021 |
Is It Useful to Monitor Thiopurine Metabolites in Pediatric Patients with Crohn's Disease on Combination Therapy? A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies | 2021 |
Thiopurine adherence: a high prevalence with low impact on UC outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prevalence; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies | 2022 |
Xanthine oxidase activity in thiopurine curative Chinese inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Xanthine Oxidase; Young Adult | 2021 |
Editorial: thiopurines but not anti-TNF monotherapy are linked to worse pregnancy outcomes in a large population-based study.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome | 2021 |
Personalised therapy during preconception and gestation in SLE: usefulness of 6-mercaptopurine metabolite levelswith azathioprine.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy | 2021 |
Intramolecular Charge Transfer in the Azathioprine Prodrug Quenches Intersystem Crossing to the Reactive Triplet State in 6-Mercaptopurine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Prodrugs; Singlet Oxygen; Ultraviolet Rays | 2022 |
Azathioprine-induced alopecia: a rare adverse event, early marker of myelotoxicity.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Young Adult | 2022 |
Relationship Between Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase Genotype/Phenotype and 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide Levels in 316 Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on 6-Thioguanine.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 2021 |
Rac1/pSTAT3 expression: A pharmacodynamic marker panel as a first step toward optimization of thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; T-Lymphocytes | 2022 |
Biomarkers for gastrointestinal adverse events related to thiopurine therapy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pyrophosphatases | 2021 |
Azathioprine with Allopurinol Is a Promising First-Line Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2022 |
A novel NUDT15 variant identified in Caucasian TPMT wild type patients with inflammatory bowel disease and azathioprine-related myelotoxicity.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pyrophosphatases; White People | 2022 |
Lack of Increased Risk of Lymphoma with Thiopurine Therapy Regardless of Dose and Duration of Treatment in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Topics: Azathioprine; Duration of Therapy; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Japan; Lymphoma; Mercaptopurine; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Current status and future perspectives on the use of therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2021 |
The Thiopurine Tale: An Unexpected Journey.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2022 |
Low Dose Azathioprine with Allopurinol in IBD: Early Days to Call It a Recipe for Success.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2022 |
Letter: is blindly stopping thiopurines without confirming adequate anti-TNF concentrations shortsighted?
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors | 2022 |
Minimal risk of lymphoma and non-melanoma skin cancer despite long-term use of thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A longitudinal cohort analysis from northern India.
Topics: Azathioprine; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; India; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphoma; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms | 2022 |
Impact of a pharmacist-led thiopurine monitoring service in outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Outpatients; Pharmacists; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Proactive Metabolite Testing in Patients on Thiopurine May Yield Long-Term Clinical Benefits in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methylthioinosine; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Editorial: thiopurines in the multidrug era-time to rescue our memories over half a century of experience.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Mercaptopurine | 2022 |
Predictive Algorithm for Thiopurine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.
Topics: Algorithms; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine | 2022 |
Safety of Thioguanine in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multi-Center Case Series.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pancreatitis; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine | 2022 |
A report on the potential of Rac1/pSTAT3 protein levels in T lymphocytes to assess the pharmacodynamic effect of thiopurine therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; STAT3 Transcription Factor; T-Lymphocytes; Thioguanine | 2022 |
Improved HPLC Quantification of 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolites in Red Blood Cells: Monitoring Data and Literature Analysis.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dithiothreitol; Erythrocytes; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Nucleotides; Thioguanine | 2022 |
Influence of the Photodegradation of Azathioprine on DNA and Cells.
Topics: Azathioprine; DNA; DNA Adducts; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Photolysis | 2022 |
Thioguanine is Effective as Maintenance Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Multicentre Registry Study.
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Thioguanine | 2023 |
Safety and Efficacy of Split-Dose Thiopurine vs Low-Dose Thiopurine-Allopurinol Cotherapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Topics: Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2023 |
Thiopurines are an independent risk factor for active tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Purine Nucleosides; Risk Factors; Tuberculosis | 2023 |
Feasibility of Reduced Clinical Monitoring in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Thiopurine Therapy.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies | 2023 |
Thiopurines for Ulcerative Colitis: Old Favourite or Old Hat?
Topics: Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine | 2023 |
Azathioprine-induced vanishing bile duct syndrome: The value of early thiopurine metabolism assessment.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bile Ducts; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides | 2023 |
Reply to: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for IBD Children on Thioguanine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2023 |
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for IBD Children on Thioguanine.
Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine | 2023 |
Analysis of the NUDT15 gene and metabolites of azathioprine in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Azathioprine; East Asian People; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Pyrophosphatases | 2023 |
The c.415C>T polymorphism in NUDT15 is more frequent than the polymorphisms in TPMT in Chilean patients who use thiopurine drugs.
Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chile; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pyrophosphatases; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Commensal bacteria promote azathioprine therapy failure in inflammatory bowel disease via decreasing 6-mercaptopurine bioavailability.
Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Bacteria; Biological Availability; Colitis; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Mice | 2023 |
Quantification of Thiopurine Metabolites in Human Erythrocytes by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Erythrocytes; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thioguanine | 2024 |