azathioprine and 6-methylthiopurine

azathioprine has been researched along with 6-methylthiopurine in 60 studies

Research

Studies (60)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (5.00)	18.2507
2000's	17 (28.33)	29.6817
2010's	34 (56.67)	24.3611
2020's	6 (10.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Aarbakke, J; Bentdal, O; Bergan, S; Hartmann, A; Klemetsdal, B; Rugstad, HE; Stokke, O; Sødal, G	1
Boulieu, R; Dervieux, T	1
Chrzanowska, M; Krzymański, M	1
Belaiche, J; Desager, JP; Horsmans, Y; Louis, E	1
Cara, C; Escribano, O; Fernández-Moreno, MD; Fueyo, JA; Guijarro, LG; Menor, C; Román, ID	1
Bloomfeld, RS; Onken, JE	1
de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Engels, LG; Gilissen, LP; Hooymans, PM; Jansen, JB; Mulder, CJ	1
Larsen, NE; Reuther, LO; Sonne, J; Vainer, B	1
Lennard, L; Lobo, AJ; Sanders, DS; Wright, S	1
Bernstein, CN; Goldenberg, BA; Rawsthorne, P	1
Hindorf, U; Lyrenäs, E; Nilsson, A; Schmiegelow, K	1
Barclay, ML; Gearry, RB	1
Barham, R; Barry, M; Boulieu, R; Dervieux, T; Matsutani, M; Meyer, G; Neri, B; Seidman, E	1
Allan, ML; Bornstein, JD; Heneghan, MA; Muir, AJ; Tendler, DA	1
Banerjee, S; Bishop, WP	1
Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Gardiner, SJ; Gearry, RB; Roberts, RL; Zhang, M	1
Adler, G; Armstrong, VW; Behrens, C; Bias, P; Herfarth, H; Kruis, W; Oellerich, M; Reinshagen, M; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Stallmach, A; Stein, J; von Ahsen, N; von Tirpitz, C	1
Kornbluth, A; Swaminath, A	1
Barclay, ML; Burt, MJ; Ding, SL; Gardiner, SJ; Gearry, RB	1
Alvarez Beltran, M; Infante Pina, D; Redecillas Ferreiro, S; Segarra Cantón, O; Tormo Carnicé, R	1
Boulieu, R; Daubard, M; Lachaux, A; Larger, M; Le Gall, C; Nguyen, TM	1
Ajlouni, Y; Gearry, RB; Gibson, PR; Haines, ML; Irving, PM; Rose, R; Sparrow, MP	1
Bartoli, F; Campanozzi, A; Decorti, G; Londero, M; Malusa, N; Marino, S; Martelossi, S; Stocco, G; Ventura, A	1
Beránek, M; Chládek, J; Dědek, P; Hroch, M; Krásničanová, P; Malý, J; Pozler, O	1
Chevaux, JB; Oussalah, A; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Roblin, X; Sparrow, M	1
Armstrong, L; Bishop, J; Galloway, P; McGrogan, P; Russell, RK; Sharif, JA	1
Bouma, G; de Boer, NK; Peters, GJ; Seinen, ML; Smid, K; van Asseldonk, DP; van Bodegraven, AA	1
de Boer, NK; Mulder, CJ; Seinen, ML; van Asseldonk, DP; van Bodegraven, AA	1
Barclay, ML; Chin, P; Sies, CW; van Egmond, R; Zhang, M	1
Bradford, K; Ibanez, P; Kwan, LY; Mei, L; Nguyen, M; Shih, DQ; Targan, SR; Ting, C; Vasiliauskas, EA; Zheng, L	1
Caufield, M; Tom, WL	1
Bouma, G; de Boer, NK; de Boer, YS; Mulder, CJ; van Gerven, NM; van Nieuwkerk, CM	1
de Boer, NK; de Jong, DJ; Dijkstra, G; Hommes, DW; Jharap, B; Mulder, CJ; Oldenburg, B; Stokkers, P; van Bodegraven, AA; van der Woude, CJ; van Elburg, RM	1
Boulieu, R; Lachaux, A; Nguyen, TM; Nguyen, TV; Vu, DH	1
Curkovic, I; Frei, P; Fried, M; Jetter, A; Kullak-Ublick, GA; Rentsch, KM; Rogler, G	1
Arenas-Hernandez, M; Blaker, PA; Fairbanks, L; Irving, PM; Marinaki, AM; Sanderson, JD; Shobowale-Bakre, EA; Smith, MA	1
Boulieu, R; Lachaux, A; Nguyen, TM; Nguyen, TV	1
Bégin, J; Doré, M; Frenette, AJ; Mansour, AM; Troyanov, Y	1
Amre, D; Deslandres, C; Kopylov, U; Seidman, EG; Theoret, Y	1
Battat, R; Benmassaoud, A; Kopylov, U; Paradis-Surprenant, L; Seidman, EG	1
Aitchison, A; Barclay, ML; Chua, EW; Cree, S; Doudney, K; Kennedy, MA; Lehnert, K	1
Loftus, EV; Moon, W	1
Borowiec, A; Dadlez, M; Hryniewiecka, E; Jazwiec, R; Paczek, L; Samborowska, E; Tszyrsznic, W; Zegarska, J; Zochowska, D	1
Coenen, MJ; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Engels, LG; Franke, B; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Klungel, OH; Scheffer, H; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, AL; Vermeulen, SH; Wong, DR	1
Aloi, M; Arrigo, S; Barabino, A; Cuzzoni, E; Decorti, G; Favretto, D; Franca, R; Knafelz, D; Martelossi, S; Martinelli, M; Miele, E; Naviglio, S; Romano, C; Stocco, G; Ventura, A	1
Balis, U; Higgins, PDR; Liu, B; Patel, A; Sauder, K; Segar, S; Stidham, RW; Waljee, AK; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J	1
Bruijnzeel-Koomen, CAF; de Bruin-Weller, MS; de Graaf, M; Garritsen, FM; van den Broek, MPH; van der Schaft, J; van Schaik, RH	1
Bruijnzeel-Koomen, CAF; De Bruin-Weller, MS; de Graaf, M; Garritsen, FM; Hijnen, DJ; van den Broek, MPH; van der Schaft, J	1
Ainsworth, MA; Brynskov, J; Mogensen, DV; Nersting, J; Schmiegelow, K; Steenholdt, C	1
Barclay, ML; Mulder, CJ; Munnig-Schmidt, E; Zhang, M	1
Boyle, B; Bricker, J; Crandall, W; Dotson, JL; Kim, SC; Maltz, R; Serpico, MR	1
Andrews, JM; Baird, A; Bampton, P; Barclay, ML; Bell, SJ; Gearry, RB; Grafton, R; Halliwell, J; Jones, GT; Kennedy, MA; Krishnaprasad, K; Lawrance, IC; McHugh, PC; Prosser, R; Radford-Smith, G; Roberts, RL; Seinen, ML; Simms, LA; Studd, C; van Bodegraven, AA; van Rij, AM; Wallace, MC	1
Albillos, A; Lopez-Sanroman, A; Mesonero Gismero, F; Ríos León, R; Sánchez Rodríguez, E	1
Bolia, R; Hardikar, W; Rajanayagam, J	1
Arenas-Hernandez, M; Marinaki, AM	1
Allin, KH; Burisch, J; Gluud, LL; Hansen, S; Jensen, CB; Jess, T; Kiszka-Kanowitz, M; Nielsen, AM; Theede, K; Thomsen, SB	1
Beukers, R; Bodelier, A; de Boer, N; de Lima, A; Depla, ACTM; Dijkstra, G; Erler, N; Escher, JC; Gilissen, L; Hoentjen, F; Jansen, JM; Kanis, SL; Kuyvenhoven, J; Mahmmod, N; Mallant-Hent, RC; Modderman, S; Noruzi, A; Oldenburg, B; Oostenbrug, LE; Pierik, M; Romberg-Camps, M; Ter Borg, PCJ; Thijs, W; van der Meulen-de Jong, AE; van der Woude, CJ; van Dijk, ARM; West, R	1
Benninga, MA; Buiter, HJC; de Boer, NKH; de Meij, TGJ; Jagt, JZ; Pothof, CD; van Limbergen, JE; van Wijk, MP	1
Bronsky, J; Copova, I; Francova, I; Geryk, M; Gonsorcikova, L; Hradsky, O; Karaskova, E; Lerchova, T; Mihal, V; Pospisilova, K; Siroka, J; Urbanek, L; Velganova-Veghova, M; Zarubova, K	1
Biglin, M; Bishehsari, F; Chouhan, V; Francey, L; Hogenesch, J; Jochum, S; Keshavarzian, A; Raff, H; Shaikh, M; Swanson, GR	1

Reviews

4 review(s) available for azathioprine and 6-methylthiopurine

Article	Year
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics and metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Erythrocytes; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inosine Triphosphatase; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Pyrophosphatases; Thionucleotides	2005
Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Current gastroenterology reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Azathioprine; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Cyclosporine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Mesalamine; Patient Compliance; Prednisone; Treatment Failure	2007
Review article: recent advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 43, Issue:8 Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Pharmacogenetics; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides	2016
Reducing risk in thiopurine therapy. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 2020, Volume: 50, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Erythrocytes; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Purines	2020

Trials

8 trial(s) available for azathioprine and 6-methylthiopurine

Article	Year
Optimization of azathioprine therapy by measuring 6-thioguanine nucleotides and methylated mercaptopurine in renal allograft recipients. Transplantation proceedings, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Graft Rejection; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Thionucleotides	1995
6-Thioguanine seems promising in azathioprine- or 6-mercaptopurine-intolerant inflammatory bowel disease patients: a short-term safety assessment. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2003, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine	2003
6-thioguanine nucleotide-adapted azathioprine therapy does not lead to higher remission rates than standard therapy in chronic active crohn disease: results from a randomized, controlled, open trial. Clinical chemistry, 2007, Volume: 53, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Thionucleotides; Thrombocytopenia	2007
Allopurinol enhances the activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in inflammatory bowel disease patients during low-dose thiopurine therapy: preliminary data of an ongoing series. Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids, 2011, Volume: 30, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Young Adult	2011
Intrauterine exposure and pharmacology of conventional thiopurine therapy in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut, 2014, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Neonatal; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Female; Fetal Blood; Follow-Up Studies; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2014
Low allopurinol doses are sufficient to optimize azathioprine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients with inadequate thiopurine metabolite concentrations. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013, Volume: 69, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thionucleotides	2013
Early prediction of thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cohort Studies; Early Diagnosis; Female; Genotype; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Thioinosine; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2017
Impact of Chronotherapy on 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Crossover Trial. Clinical and translational gastroenterology, 2023, 02-01, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Azathioprine; Chronotherapy; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine	2023

Other Studies

48 other study(ies) available for azathioprine and 6-methylthiopurine

Article	Year
Identification of 6-methylmercaptopurine derivative formed during acid hydrolysis of thiopurine nucleotides in erythrocytes, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance assay. Clinical chemistry, 1998, Volume: 44, Issue:12 Topics: Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hydrolysis; Imidazoles; Immunosuppressive Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Mercaptopurine; Perchlorates; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Thionucleotides	1998
Determination of 6-thioguanine and 6-methylmercaptopurine metabolites in renal transplantation recipients and patients with glomerulonephritis treated with azathioprine. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1999, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine	1999
Therapeutic drug monitoring of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in Crohn disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2001, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Crohn Disease; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies; Thioguanine; Time Factors	2001
Determination of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in human erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography: comparison with the radiochemical method. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2001, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Humans; Linear Models; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Radiochemistry; S-Adenosylmethionine; Thioguanine	2001
Mercaptopurine metabolite results in clinical gastroenterology practice. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Patient Compliance; Risk Factors; Thioguanine	2003
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype distribution in azathioprine-tolerant and -intolerant patients with various disorders. The impact of TPMT genotyping in predicting toxicity. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 59, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Thionucleotides	2004
Clinical significance of azathioprine active metabolite concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut, 2004, Volume: 53, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome	2004
The utility of 6-thioguanine metabolite levels in managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2004, Volume: 99, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome	2004
Monitoring of long-term thiopurine therapy among adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2004, Volume: 39, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Sulfasalazine; Thionucleotides	2004
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of erythrocyte thiopurine nucleotides and effect of thiopurine methyltransferase gene variants on these metabolites in patients receiving azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine therapy. Clinical chemistry, 2005, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Genetic Variation; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Hydrolysis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Purine Nucleotides; Thionucleotides	2005
Utility of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping, and measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Journal of hepatology, 2006, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Drug Monitoring; Female; Genotype; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Prednisone; Thioguanine	2006
Evolution of thiopurine use in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in an academic center. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2006, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Heterozygote; Humans; Infant; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prednisone; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides	2006
Exposure to thiopurine drugs through breast milk is low based on metabolite concentrations in mother-infant pairs. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 62, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Mothers; Thioguanine	2006
Severe hepatotoxicity with high 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotide concentrations after thiopurine dose escalation due to low 6-thioguanine nucleotides. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thionucleotides	2008
[Optimising azathioprine treatment: determination of thiopurine methyltransferase activity and thiopurine metabolites]. Anales de pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003), 2009, Volume: 70, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine	2009
Monitoring of azathioprine metabolites in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2010, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Blood Cell Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine	2010
Clinical usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurines in patients with inadequately controlled inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2011, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine; Treatment Failure; Young Adult	2011
Usefulness of the measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the assessment of non-adherence. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2010, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Thionucleotides; Young Adult	2010
Steady-state of azathioprine during initiation treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2010, Volume: 4, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome	2010
Use of thiopurine testing in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases in clinical practice: a worldwide survey of experts. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2011, Volume: 17, Issue:12 Topics: Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gastroenterology; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Global Health; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Phenotype; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Surveys and Questionnaires	2011
Evaluating the use of metabolite measurement in children receiving treatment with a thiopurine. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2011, Volume: 34, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome	2011
Hepatotoxicity associated with 6-methyl mercaptopurine formation during azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine therapy does not occur on the short-term during 6-thioguanine therapy in IBD treatment. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2012, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome	2012
High TPMT enzyme activity does not explain drug resistance due to preferential 6-methylmercaptopurine production in patients on thiopurine treatment. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:10 Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Resistance; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Genotype; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Statistics as Topic; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides	2012
Split-dose administration of thiopurine drugs: a novel and effective strategy for managing preferential 6-MMP metabolism. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2012
Oral azathioprine for recalcitrant pediatric atopic dermatitis: clinical response and thiopurine monitoring. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Thionucleotides	2013
Allopurinol safely and effectively optimises thiopurine metabolites in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Salvage Therapy; Thioguanine	2013
Relationship between azathioprine dosage and thiopurine metabolites in pediatric IBD patients: identification of covariables using multilevel analysis. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2013, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Multilevel Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides	2013
Mechanism of allopurinol induced TPMT inhibition. Biochemical pharmacology, 2013, Aug-15, Volume: 86, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Oxypurinol; Prospective Studies; Xanthines	2013
Usefulness of thiopurine metabolites in predicting azathioprine resistance in pediatric IBD patients. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013, Volume: 53, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leukopenia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Thioguanine	2013
Febuxostat as a novel option to optimize thiopurines' metabolism in patients with inadequate metabolite levels. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2014, Volume: 48, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Febuxostat; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Muscular Diseases; Thiazoles; Thionucleotides; Xanthine Oxidase	2014
Thiopurine metabolite ratios for monitoring therapy in pediatric Crohn disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2014, Volume: 59, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Crohn Disease; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Odds Ratio; Thionucleotides; Treatment Failure	2014
Hematologic indices as surrogate markers for monitoring thiopurine therapy in IBD. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2015, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Monitoring; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Hematologic Tests; Hemoglobins; Humans; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Platelet Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome	2015
Exome sequencing and array-based comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of preferential 6-methylmercaptopurine producers. The pharmacogenomics journal, 2015, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Crohn Disease; DNA Copy Number Variations; Drug Resistance; Exome; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Mutation	2015
Determination of Concentrations of Azathioprine Metabolites 6-Thioguanine and 6-Methylmercaptopurine in Whole Blood With the Use of Liquid Chromatography Combined With Mass Spectrometry. Transplantation proceedings, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, Liquid; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Organ Transplantation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides	2016
Multicentric Case-Control Study on Azathioprine Dose and Pharmacokinetics in Early-onset Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thioguanine	2017
Machine Learning Algorithms for Objective Remission and Clinical Outcomes with Thiopurines. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2017, Jul-01, Volume: 11, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Area Under Curve; Azathioprine; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Machine Learning; Male; Medication Adherence; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2017
Thiopurine metabolite levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and/or chronic hand/foot eczema treated with azathioprine. The Journal of dermatological treatment, 2018, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome	2018
Allopurinol Co-prescription Improves the Outcome of Azathioprine Treatment in Chronic Eczema. Acta dermato-venereologica, 2018, Mar-13, Volume: 98, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Dermatitis, Atopic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eczema; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Guanine Nucleotides; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome	2018
A Role for Thiopurine Metabolites in the Synergism Between Thiopurines and Infliximab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2018, Feb-28, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides	2018
Late-onset Rise of 6-MMP Metabolites in IBD Patients on Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2018, 03-19, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Thioguanine; Young Adult	2018
Thiopurine Optimization Through Combination With Allopurinol in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2018, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2018
Nonsynonymous Polymorphism in Guanine Monophosphate Synthetase Is a Risk Factor for Unfavorable Thiopurine Metabolite Ratios in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2018, 11-29, Volume: 24, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor; Cohort Studies; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Thionucleotides; Young Adult	2018
Clinical experience of optimising thiopurine use through metabolite measurement in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Biotransformation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thioguanine; Young Adult	2018
Lower 6-MMP/6-TG Ratio May Be a Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2018, Volume: 67, Issue:6 Topics: Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Male; Mercaptopurine; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Treatment Outcome	2018
Outcome of concomitant treatment with thiopurines and allopurinol in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide Danish cohort study. United European gastroenterology journal, 2020, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Denmark; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Severity of Illness Index; Signal Transduction; Thioguanine; Treatment Outcome	2020
Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life. Gut, 2021, Volume: 70, Issue:7 Topics: Adalimumab; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Cesarean Section; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Congenital Abnormalities; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Infections; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms; Netherlands; Patient Admission; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Vaccines	2021
Adverse Events of Thiopurine Therapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlations with Metabolites: A Cohort Study. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2022, Volume: 67, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Child; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Substitution; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Netherlands; Retrospective Studies; Thionucleotides; Withholding Treatment	2022
Is It Useful to Monitor Thiopurine Metabolites in Pediatric Patients with Crohn's Disease on Combination Therapy? A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study. Paediatric drugs, 2021, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Child; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Infliximab; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prospective Studies	2021