atropine has been researched along with 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine in 40 studies
| Studies (atropine) | Trials (atropine) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (atropine) | Studies (1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine) | Trials (1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26,711 | 1,259 | 1,697 | 5,148 | 5 | 279 |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 24 (60.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 13 (32.50) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 3 (7.50) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 0 (0.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Creveling, CR; Daly, JW; Lewandowski, GA; McNeal, ET | 1 |
| Birnbaumer, L; Entman, ML; Garber, AJ | 1 |
| Wei, JW; Wei, MM | 1 |
| Osborne, NN | 1 |
| Malinowska, DH | 1 |
| Hescheler, J; Wallukat, G; Wobus, AM | 1 |
| Nezu, E; Yoneyama, T; Yoshimura, K | 1 |
| Ljungström, M; Mårdh, S; Norberg, L; Vega, FV | 1 |
| Matsuda, T; Mori, M; Tsushima, H | 1 |
| Feniuk, W; Humphrey, PP; Trevethick, MA | 1 |
| Berglindh, T; Nylander, O; Obrink, KJ | 1 |
| Korth, M; Kühlkamp, V | 1 |
| Linden, J | 1 |
| Askelöf, P; Bartfai, T; Gillenius, P; Westlind-Danielsson, A | 1 |
| Alberts, P; Ogren, VR | 1 |
| Brown, JK; Jones, CA; Madison, JM; Sankary, RM | 1 |
| Chiba, S; Haruta, K; Homma, N; Horiuchi, A; Iwatsuki, K; Yonekura, H | 1 |
| Renit-Soria, J; Stinnakre, J; Van Renterghem, C | 1 |
| Hermansen, K | 1 |
| Casnellie, JE; Greengard, P; Ives, HE; Jamieson, JD | 1 |
| Frey, EA; McIsaac, RJ | 1 |
| Ikeda, S; Murakami, M; Nishibori, M; Saeki, K; Seo, S | 1 |
| Alberts, P; Stjärne, L | 1 |
| Rosenfeld, GC | 2 |
| Hirai, M; Komoriyama, K; Kouyama, H; Shima, S | 1 |
| Ishikawa, Y; Takahashi, T; Yamamura, T | 1 |
| Michelangeli, F; Ruiz, MC | 1 |
| Chayvialle, JA; Cuber, JC; Dakka, T | 1 |
| Chiba, S; Furukawa, Y; Inoue, Y; Oguchi, T; Sawaki, S | 1 |
| Barrington, M; Majewski, H | 1 |
| Glusa, E | 1 |
| Girma, K; Nilsson, G; Romell, B; Seensalu, R | 1 |
| Dehaye, JP; Turner, RJ; Valdez, IH | 1 |
| Dawson, JJ; Iannazzo, L; Majewski, H | 1 |
| Kato, S; Takehara, K; Takeuchi, K; Yagi, K | 1 |
| Akagi, K; Hasebe, K; Nagao, T; Urushidani, T; Watanabe, K | 1 |
| Beinborn, M; Morales, RE; Nagy, L; Szabo, S; Vattay, P | 1 |
| Chen, ZY; Huang, Y; Ko, WH; Lau, CW; Law, VW; Yip, WC; Yue, GG | 1 |
| Daenas, C; Gourgoulianis, KI; Hatziefthimiou, AA; Molyvdas, PA | 1 |
40 other study(ies) available for atropine and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Batrachotoxins; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclic AMP; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Neurotoxins; Sodium; Tranquilizing Agents; Tritium | 1985 |
Cholinergic stimulation of skeletal muscle alanine and glutamine formation and release. Evidence for mediation by a nicotinic cholinergic receptor and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Alanine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Glutamine; Hexamethonium Compounds; Muscles; Phosphorylases; Pilocarpine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Theophylline | 1978 |
Characterization of some biochemical properties of bradykinin-induced cAMP and cGMP formation in guinea pig ileum.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Bradykinin; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dexamethasone; Egtazic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Kinetics; Male; Propranolol; Prostaglandins | 1992 |
Effects of GTP, forskolin, sodium fluoride, serotonin, dopamine, and carbachol on adenylate cyclase in Teleost retina.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Dopamine; Drug Synergism; Fishes; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine Triphosphate; Pertussis Toxin; Retina; Serotonin; Sodium Fluoride; Tetrahydronaphthalenes; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1990 |
Cl- channel blockers inhibit acid secretion in rabbit parietal cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Anthracenes; Atropine; Carbachol; Chloride Channels; Cimetidine; Colforsin; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Rabbits | 1990 |
Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes expressing chronotropic responses to adrenergic and cholinergic agents and Ca2+ channel blockers.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atropine; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbachol; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Colforsin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Heart; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; Membrane Potentials; Myocardium; Parasympathomimetics; Phenylephrine; Prazosin; Stem Cells; Sympathomimetics | 1991 |
Augmentation of isoproterenol-stimulated tissue cyclic AMP level by cholinergic agonists in rat parotid gland.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Atropine; Calcimycin; Calcium; Carbachol; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Isoproterenol; Male; Methacholine Chloride; Methacholine Compounds; Norepinephrine; Oxotremorine; Parotid Gland; Phentolamine; Pilocarpine; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Stimulation of acid formation by histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin in isolated pig parietal cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Aminopyrine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cimetidine; Gastric Acid; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Pentagastrin; Swine | 1986 |
Antidiuretic effects of dibutyryl-cyclic AMP microinjected into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in a water-loaded and ethanol-anesthetized rat.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Anesthesia; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bucladesine; Cyclic AMP; Diuresis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Male; Microinjections; Osmotic Pressure; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tachyphylaxis; Theophylline | 1986 |
5-Carboxamidotryptamine: a potent agonist mediating relaxation and elevation of cyclic AMP in the isolated neonatal porcine vena cava.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atropine; Cimetidine; Cocaine; Cyclic AMP; Dinoprost; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Propranolol; Prostaglandins F; Pyrilamine; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Swine; Vena Cava, Inferior | 1986 |
Prostaglandin interaction with histamine release and parietal cell activity in isolated gastric glands.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Acetylcholine; Alprostadil; Aminopyrine; Animals; Atropine; Dinoprostone; Drug Interactions; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine Release; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Pentagastrin; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Rabbits; Somatostatin | 1986 |
Muscarinic receptors mediate negative and positive inotropic effects in mammalian ventricular myocardium: differentiation by agonists.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Electric Stimulation; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Parasympathomimetics; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1987 |
Enhanced cAMP accumulation after termination of cholinergic action in the heart.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Atropine; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Heart; Isoproterenol; Methacholine Chloride; Methacholine Compounds; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Parasympathomimetics; Pindolol; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1987 |
Chronic exposure to pertussis toxin alters muscarinic receptor-mediated regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism in neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Alprostadil; Atropine; Carbachol; Cyclic AMP; Glioma; Hybrid Cells; Neuroblastoma; Pertussis Toxin; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1988 |
Interaction of forskolin with the effect of atropine on [3H]acetylcholine secretion in guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 4-Aminopyridine; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Acetylcholine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Atropine; Colforsin; Cyclic GMP; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Myenteric Plexus; Neuromuscular Junction | 1988 |
Differential effects of prostaglandin E2 on contractions of airway smooth muscle.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dinoprostone; Dogs; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Methacholine Compounds; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Propranolol; Tetrodotoxin; Trachea | 1989 |
Effects of DN-9693, a synthesized phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on pancreatic exocrine secretion in dogs.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Animals; Atropine; Cholecystokinin; Cimetidine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Papaverine; Phentolamine; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Propranolol; Quinazolines; Secretin; Sulpiride; Theophylline | 1989 |
beta-Adrenergic induced K+ current in Xenopus oocytes: role of cAMP, inhibition by muscarinic agents.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 4-Aminopyridine; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Aminobenzoates; Aminopyridines; Animals; Atropine; Calcimycin; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Diterpenes; Female; Isoproterenol; Oocytes; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Potassium; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Xenopus laevis | 1985 |
Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, stimulates pancreatic insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release in the dog: studies in vitro.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Colforsin; Diterpenes; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Glucagon; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Pancreas; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Somatostatin | 1985 |
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in intact medial tissue and isolated cells from vascular smooth muscle.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Acetylcholine; Affinity Labels; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Atropine; Azides; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic IMP; Male; Molecular Weight; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Peptide Fragments; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinases; Rabbits; Rats | 1980 |
A comparison of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and muscarinic excitatory responses in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Bethanechol Compounds; Chlorisondamine; Cyclic GMP; Electric Stimulation; Ganglia, Sympathetic; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1981 |
Amylase secretion induced by histamine from guinea-pig parotid gland.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Amylases; Animals; Atropine; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Methylhistamines; Metiamide; Parotid Gland; Propranolol; Pyrilamine; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors | 1982 |
Secretion of 3H-acetylcholine from guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus is enhanced by 8-Br adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate but not changed by 8-Br guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Receptors, Cholinergic | 1982 |
Pirenzepine (LS 519): a weak inhibitor of acid secretion by isolated rat parietal cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Atropine; Benzodiazepinones; Bucladesine; Carbachol; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Pirenzepine; Rats | 1982 |
beta-Adrenergic stimulation of the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate system regulated by cholinergic stimuli in the prostate.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Calcimycin; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Cyclic AMP; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Isoproterenol; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Prostate; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Tetracaine; Theophylline; Verapamil | 1983 |
[Action of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and effects of various purinergic receptor blocking agents on the movements of an isolated guinea pig gallbladder].
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Apamin; Atropine; Female; Gallbladder; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; Phentolamine; Propranolol; Quinidine; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Purinergic; Tetrodotoxin; Theophylline | 1983 |
Evidence for a direct action of acetylcholine on the gastric oxyntic cell of the amphibian.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Bethanechol; Bethanechol Compounds; Bucladesine; Cimetidine; Cyclic AMP; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine Release; Kinetics; Rana catesbeiana | 1984 |
Isolated parietal cells: adrenergic response and pharmacology.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aminopyrine; Animals; Atropine; Cimetidine; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine; Isoproterenol; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 1984 |
Functional coupling between the active transport of glucose and the secretion of intestinal neurotensin in rats.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Atropine; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclic AMP; Glucose; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Male; Neurotensin; Ouabain; Phloretin; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tetrodotoxin | 1993 |
Selective inhibition by E4080, a novel bradycardic agent, of positive chronotropic responses to norepinephrine in isolated dog hearts.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Atropine; Biological Clocks; Catechols; Cyclic AMP; Dogs; Glyburide; Heart; Heart Rate; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardial Contraction; Norepinephrine; Potassium Channels; Sinoatrial Node; Vasodilator Agents | 1993 |
Trifluoperazine and calmidazolium have multiple actions on the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves of mouse atria.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Atropine; Calmodulin; Desipramine; Electric Stimulation; Enterochromaffin Cells; Heart; Heart Atria; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Myocardium; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Sympathetic Nervous System; Trifluoperazine | 1994 |
Desulfated hirugen (hirudin 54-65) induces endothelium-dependent relaxation of porcine pulmonary arteries.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Atropine; Bradykinin; Calcium; Captopril; Cyclic GMP; Dinoprost; Endothelium, Vascular; Hirudins; Histamine; Indomethacin; Ketanserin; Methiothepin; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; Nitroarginine; Peptide Fragments; Phentolamine; Pulmonary Artery; Swine; Vasodilation | 1994 |
Effects of carbachol and gastrin on 14C-aminopyrine accumulated in rabbit gastric glands and cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Aminopyrine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Carbon Radioisotopes; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Rabbits; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors | 1993 |
Beta-adrenergic stimulation and cAMP mobilize Ca2+ from an IP3-insensitive pool in rat submandibular granular ducts.
Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Alkaloids; Animals; Atenolol; Atropine; Calcium; Carbachol; Cyclic AMP; Epinephrine; In Vitro Techniques; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Isoproterenol; Isoquinolines; Kinetics; Male; Phentolamine; Piperazines; Propanolamines; Propranolol; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Putrescine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Staurosporine; Submandibular Gland | 1993 |
Muscarinic autoinhibition of acetylcholine release in mouse atria is not transduced through cyclic AMP or protein kinase C.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Acetylcholine; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Atrial Function; Atropine; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heart; Heart Atria; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Protein Kinase C; Receptors, Muscarinic; Second Messenger Systems; Staurosporine | 1996 |
PACAPs stimulate duodenal bicarbonate secretion at PACAP receptors in the rat.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Atropine; Bicarbonates; Cyclic AMP; Dinoprostone; Duodenum; Gastric Mucosa; Indomethacin; Male; Neuropeptides; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Receptors, Pituitary Hormone; Secretory Rate; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Verapamil | 1997 |
Gastric acid secretion is augmented by the replacement of extracellular Na+ with K+ or other ions.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Aminopyrine; Animals; Atropine; Bucladesine; Calcium; Carbachol; Carcinogens; Cations; Cimetidine; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Histamine H2 Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Omeprazole; Potassium; Rabbits; Rotenone; Sodium; Stomach; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Uncoupling Agents; Vagus Nerve | 1998 |
Investigation of gastroprotective compounds at subcellular level in isolated gastric mucosal cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2; Animals; Arginine; Atropine; Carbachol; Catechols; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ethanol; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Agents; Histamine; Mitochondria; Morpholines; Pentanones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2000 |
Stimulation of chloride secretion by baicalein in isolated rat distal colon.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Amiloride; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Carbachol; Chlorides; Colforsin; Colon; Cyclic AMP; Dinoprostone; Electric Conductivity; Female; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Indomethacin; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Potassium Channel Blockers; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetrodotoxin; Thapsigargin | 2002 |
Azithromycin has a direct relaxant effect on precontracted airway smooth muscle.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atropine; Azithromycin; Bronchodilator Agents; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Carbachol; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelium; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Ouabain; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Potassium Chloride; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Rabbits; rho-Associated Kinases; Trachea; Verapamil | 2006 |