aspirin has been researched along with sulfasalazine in 45 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 10 (22.22) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 10 (22.22) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 11 (24.44) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 13 (28.89) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (2.22) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Gubernator, K; Kansy, M; Senner, F | 1 |
| Alvarez-Pedraglio, A; Colmenarejo, G; Lavandera, JL | 1 |
| Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL | 1 |
| Ahlin, G; Artursson, P; Bergström, CA; Gustavsson, L; Karlsson, J; Larsson, R; Matsson, P; Norinder, U; Pedersen, JM | 1 |
| Bayram, E; Kufrevioglu, OI; Senturk, M; Supuran, CT | 1 |
| González-Díaz, H; Orallo, F; Quezada, E; Santana, L; Uriarte, E; Viña, D; Yáñez, M | 1 |
| Du-Cuny, L; Mash, EA; Meuillet, EJ; Moses, S; Powis, G; Song, Z; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Campillo, NE; Guerra, A; Páez, JA | 1 |
| Afshari, CA; Eschenberg, M; Hamadeh, HK; Lee, PH; Lightfoot-Dunn, R; Morgan, RE; Qualls, CW; Ramachandran, B; Trauner, M; van Staden, CJ | 1 |
| Ekins, S; Williams, AJ; Xu, JJ | 1 |
| Annand, R; Gozalbes, R; Jacewicz, M; Pineda-Lucena, A; Tsaioun, K | 1 |
| Ambroso, JL; Ayrton, AD; Baines, IA; Bloomer, JC; Chen, L; Clarke, SE; Ellens, HM; Harrell, AW; Lovatt, CA; Reese, MJ; Sakatis, MZ; Taylor, MA; Yang, EY | 1 |
| Afshari, CA; Chen, Y; Dunn, RT; Hamadeh, HK; Kalanzi, J; Kalyanaraman, N; Morgan, RE; van Staden, CJ | 1 |
| Bellman, K; Knegtel, RM; Settimo, L | 1 |
| Chen, M; Hu, C; Suzuki, A; Thakkar, S; Tong, W; Yu, K | 1 |
| Balliano, TL; Barbosa, G; Carvalho, VF; da Silva, BA; de Souza, ET; Lima, LM; Martins, IRR; Martins, MA; Medeiros, MM; Moraes Junior, MO; Nunes, IKDC; Silva, PMR; Silva, SWD | 1 |
| Malmqvist, K; Nyström, C | 1 |
| Barker, JD; Smith, MS | 1 |
| Cox, KL | 1 |
| Cooper, JA; Matthay, RA | 1 |
| Bliddal, H; Helin, P | 1 |
| Butt, AA; Collier, HO; Gardiner, PJ; Saeed, SA | 1 |
| Herbai, G | 1 |
| Buisseret, P | 1 |
| Hoult, JR; Moore, PK | 1 |
| Fahrländer, H | 1 |
| Disla, E; Reddy, A; Rhim, HR; Taranta, A | 1 |
| Hjertén, S; Lundahl, P; Zhang, R; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Filipowicz, B; Hawkey, CJ; McAlindon, ME; Muller, AF | 1 |
| Gouripur, VV; Hiremath, SV; Patil, PA | 1 |
| Esterly, N; Nocton, J; Wortmann, D; Zivony, D | 1 |
| Adler, G; Liptay, S; Schmid, RM; Wahl, C | 1 |
| Bickston, SJ; Cominelli, F | 1 |
| Cronstein, BN; Montesinos, MC; Weissmann, G | 1 |
| Fornasari, G; Marvisi, M | 1 |
| Campieri, M | 1 |
| Ahn, YM; Byun, HY; Cho, JY; Cho, SI; Chung, JM; Gwag, BJ; Im, DS; Kim, KW; Ko, SY; Kwon, HJ; Lee, HU; Lee, JY; Lee, MJ; Lee, YA; Lim, HR; Moon, HS; Noh, JH; Park, SM; Son, SJ; Won, SJ; Yoon, SH; Yun, BS | 1 |
| Hatala, DA; Howell, SJ; Huang, K; Kern, TS; Zheng, L | 1 |
| Cardinale, G; Cozzi, F; Dani, L; Oliviero, F; Podswiadek, M; Punzi, L; Sfriso, P | 1 |
| Lal, R; Pilgrim, S; Tsiamis, A; Velchuru, V; Waters, G | 1 |
| Blagbrough, IS; Elmasry, MS; Kheir, AA; Rogers, PJ; Rowan, MG; Saleh, HM | 1 |
| Cho, W; Gwag, BJ; Im, DS; Lee, JH; Lee, JK; Lee, YA; Lee, YB; Shin, JH; Springer, JE; Yun, BS | 1 |
| Anelli, MG; Cacciapaglia, F; Covelli, M; Iannone, F; Lapadula, G; Rinaldi, A; Scioscia, C; Serafino, L | 1 |
6 review(s) available for aspirin and sulfasalazine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk | 2016 |
Drug-induced pulmonary disease.
Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antineoplastic Agents; Aspirin; Gold; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Narcotics; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillamine; Pulmonary Edema; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Ritodrine; Sulfasalazine; Terbutaline | 1987 |
Drug treatment of allergic gastroenteritis.
Topics: Adult; Allergens; Antibody-Producing Cells; Antidiarrheals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Aspirin; Diarrhea; Digestive System; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Indomethacin; Mast Cells; Models, Biological; Prostaglandins; Sulfasalazine | 1980 |
Inflammatory bowel disease: short- and long-term treatments.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Aspirin; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cytokines; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotherapy; Integrins; Leukapheresis; Parenteral Nutrition; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Sulfasalazine; T-Lymphocytes | 1998 |
[Is the lung a target organ in inflammatory bowel disease?].
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchiectasis; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking; Sulfasalazine; Time Factors; Tracheal Diseases | 2001 |
New steroids and new salicylates in inflammatory bowel disease: a critical appraisal.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aspirin; Beclomethasone; Budesonide; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Prednisolone; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Salicylates; Sulfasalazine | 2002 |
3 trial(s) available for aspirin and sulfasalazine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effect of allopurinol, sulphasalazine, and vitamin C on aspirin induced gastroduodenal injury in human volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Duodenal Ulcer; Duodenum; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Male; Prostaglandins E; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sulfasalazine | 1996 |
Mud-bath treatment in spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease--a pilot randomised clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Colitis, Ulcerative; Combined Modality Therapy; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mud Therapy; Pain Measurement; Pilot Projects; Spondylitis; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome | 2007 |
Lipid profile of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha drugs changes according to disease activity and predicts clinical response.
Topics: Adalimumab; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Certolizumab Pegol; Cholesterol; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Etanercept; Female; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Immunoglobulin G; Infliximab; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Polyethylene Glycols; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Severity of Illness Index; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
36 other study(ies) available for aspirin and sulfasalazine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Physicochemical high throughput screening: parallel artificial membrane permeation assay in the description of passive absorption processes.
Topics: Absorption; Adsorption; Caco-2 Cells; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Membranes, Artificial; Permeability; Pharmacokinetics; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1998 |
Cheminformatic models to predict binding affinities to human serum albumin.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Chromatography, Affinity; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Databases, Factual; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Penicillins; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Binding; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Reproducibility of Results; Serum Albumin; Steroids | 2001 |
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Artificial Intelligence; Computers; Databases, Factual; Drug Prescriptions; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Endpoint Determination; Models, Molecular; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Software; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration | 2004 |
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
Topics: Cell Line; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Liver; Molecular Weight; Organic Cation Transporter 1; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2008 |
In vitro inhibition of salicylic acid derivatives on human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II.
Topics: Carbonic Anhydrase I; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Cytosol; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Molecular Structure; Salicylic Acid; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2008 |
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
Topics: Computational Biology; Drug Design; Humans; Isoenzymes; Molecular Structure; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2008 |
Computational modeling of novel inhibitors targeting the Akt pleckstrin homology domain.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Proteins; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Computer Simulation; Drug Discovery; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Models, Molecular; Phosphoproteins; Protein Binding; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2009 |
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Humans; Models, Chemical; Neural Networks, Computer; Permeability; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Technology, Pharmaceutical | 2010 |
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Assay; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytoplasmic Vesicles; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Liver; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Spodoptera; Transfection; Xenobiotics | 2010 |
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Humans; Ligands | 2010 |
QSAR-based permeability model for drug-like compounds.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Drug Discovery; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2011 |
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Decision Trees; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Glutathione; Humans; Liver; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Binding | 2012 |
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Liver; Male; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Pharmacokinetics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Toxicity Tests | 2013 |
Comparison of the accuracy of experimental and predicted pKa values of basic and acidic compounds.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Forecasting; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Random Allocation | 2014 |
Discovery of sulfonyl hydrazone derivative as a new selective PDE4A and PDE4D inhibitor by lead-optimization approach on the prototype LASSBio-448: In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies.
Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Hydrazones; Hypersensitivity; Lung; Male; Mice | 2020 |
Comparison between the ring gap sizer and dry sieving.
Topics: Aspirin; Methods; Microscopy; Particle Size; Sulfasalazine; Technology, Pharmaceutical | 1977 |
Granulomatous ileocolitis preceded by three years of pauciarticular arthritis.
Topics: Arthritis, Juvenile; Aspirin; Child; Crohn Disease; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Prednisone; Sulfasalazine; Synovitis | 1978 |
Drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drugs, Investigational; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Methotrexate; Monitoring, Physiologic; Organogold Compounds; Penicillamine; Sulfasalazine | 1991 |
Rheumatic fever, but no rash and no fever.
Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Arthritis; Aspirin; Child; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Penicillins; Puberty, Delayed; Rheumatic Fever; Sigmoidoscopy; Sulfasalazine | 1985 |
Leucopenia in adult Still's disease during treatment with azathioprine and sulphasalazine.
Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Juvenile; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Prednisone; Sulfasalazine | 1987 |
Proceedings: Effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis of drugs affecting gastrointestinal function.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Aspirin; Cattle; Colchicine; Dexamethasone; Digestive System; Male; Promethazine; Prostaglandins; Quinolines; Rats; Sulfasalazine | 1974 |
Effect of adrenalectomy, corticosteroids and some other anti-inflammatory agents, Salazopyrin, thyroxine and vitamin A on the exchangeable sulphate pool and on sulphate incorporation in vivo into costal cartilage of the mouse.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Aspirin; Cartilage; Dexamethasone; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Female; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mice; Oxyphenbutazone; Prednisolone; Sulfasalazine; Sulfates; Sulfur Isotopes; Thyroxine; Tritium; Vitamin A | 1971 |
Selective actions of aspirin- and sulphasalazine-like drugs against prostaglandin synthesis and breakdown.
Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Male; Polyphloretin Phosphate; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Prostaglandins; Rabbits; Sulfasalazine | 1982 |
[Azulfidine/Salazopyrin therapy during pregnancy].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Aspirin; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Macaca mulatta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rats; Sulfasalazine | 1981 |
Aspirin on trial.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Aspirin; Humans; Sulfasalazine | 1993 |
Liposome capillary electrophoresis for analysis of interactions between lipid bilayers and solutes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aspirin; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Lipid Bilayers; Liposomes; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Peptides; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Sulfasalazine; Thermodynamics; Warfarin | 1995 |
The anti-inflammatory activity of some sulphonamides in albino rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Dapsone; Female; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sulfamethizole; Sulfasalazine | 1996 |
Juvenile Reiter's syndrome: a report of four cases.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis; Arthritis, Reactive; Aspirin; Balanitis; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Psoriasis; Sulfasalazine; Tolmetin | 1998 |
Sulfasalazine: a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Aspirin; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Colonic Diseases; Cystine; Epithelial Cells; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lipopolysaccharides; Mesalamine; NF-kappa B; Phorbol Esters; Phosphorylation; Plasmids; Proline; Recombinant Proteins; Recombination, Genetic; Sulfapyridine; Sulfasalazine; Thiocarbamates; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transfection; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1998 |
Salicylates and sulfasalazine, but not glucocorticoids, inhibit leukocyte accumulation by an adenosine-dependent mechanism that is independent of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and p105 of NFkappaB.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Aspirin; Carrageenan; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Female; Glucocorticoids; Inflammation; Isoenzymes; Leukocytes; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Knockout; NF-kappa B; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Protein Precursors; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate; Sulfasalazine; Theobromine | 1999 |
Marked prevention of ischemic brain injury by Neu2000, an NMDA antagonist and antioxidant derived from aspirin and sulfasalazine.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aspirin; Benzoates; Brain Ischemia; Cells, Cultured; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluorobenzenes; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; meta-Aminobenzoates; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Oxidative Stress; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Salicylates; Sulfasalazine | 2007 |
Salicylate-based anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the early lesion of diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Cell Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Retinopathy; Inflammation; Male; NF-kappa B; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; Protein Transport; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Salicylates; Sodium Salicylate; Sulfasalazine; Transcription Factor RelA | 2007 |
Diaphragm disease and small bowel enteropathy due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a surgical perspective.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Constriction, Pathologic; Diaphragm; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestine, Small; Male; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Quantitative HPLC analysis of mebeverine, mesalazine, sulphasalazine and dispersible aspirin stored in a Venalink monitored dosage system with co-prescribed medicines.
Topics: Aspirin; Capsules; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Mass Spectrometry; Medication Systems; Mesalamine; Phenethylamines; Polypharmacy; Salicylates; Sulfasalazine; Tablets; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Time Factors | 2011 |
Concurrent blockade of free radical and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1-mediated PGE2 production improves safety and efficacy in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Deoxyguanosine; Dinoprostone; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalitis; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Ibuprofen; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microfilament Proteins; Microglia; Motor Neurons; Oxidative Stress; Riluzole; Spinal Cord; Sulfasalazine; Superoxide Dismutase; Tyrosine | 2012 |