aspartame has been researched along with cyclamic acid in 55 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 13 (23.64) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 11 (20.00) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 16 (29.09) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 11 (20.00) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 4 (7.27) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Olson, BL | 1 |
Morrison, AB | 1 |
Kuribara, H; Ogawa, H; Okuizumi, K; Tadokoro, S | 1 |
Bär, A; Biermann, C | 1 |
Anderson, GH; Leiter, LA; Saravis, S; Schachar, R; Zlotkin, S | 1 |
Grenby, TH; Saldanha, MG | 1 |
Anderson, GH; Leiter, LA; Saravis, S; Schacher, R; Zlotkin, S | 1 |
Baines, CJ | 1 |
Beeker, TG; Crofton, VA; Schiffman, SS | 1 |
Eberle, G | 1 |
Lederer, J | 1 |
Shaw, JH | 1 |
Lindner, K | 1 |
Hoppe, K | 1 |
Imfeld, T | 1 |
Ahern, MJ; Cmielewski, PL; Hall, PM; Ilsley, AH; Plummer, JL | 1 |
Jijakli, H; Louchami, K; Malaisse, WJ; Malaisse-Lagae, F; Vanonderbergen, A | 1 |
Berardi, D; Lambe, J; Leclercq, C; Sorbillo, MR | 1 |
Birch, GG; Parke, SA | 1 |
Cardello, HM; Da Silva, MA; Damasio, MH | 1 |
Fry, J | 1 |
Yebra-Biurrun, MC | 1 |
Bohlen, H; Diehl, V; Weihrauch, MR | 1 |
Alzin, M; Busk, L; Enghardt-Barbieri, H; Ilbäck, NG; Jahrl, S | 1 |
Brust, P; Ozeck, M; Servant, G; Xu, H | 1 |
Adler, E; Li, X; Staszewski, L; Tang, H; Xu, H; Zoller, M | 1 |
Diehl, V; Weihrauch, MR | 1 |
Akiyama, K; Koyama, M; Sasaki, T; Uchibori, N; Wada, I; Yoshida, K | 1 |
Guo, Y; James, FS; Ye, M; Zhu, Y | 1 |
Renwick, AG | 1 |
Fabricius, N; Fagt, S; Leth, T | 1 |
Cavicchioli, M; Leite, CQ; Massabni, AC; Sato, DN | 1 |
Anduni, GJ; Farías, ME; Manca de Nadra, MC | 1 |
Andersen, R; Fagt, S; Jensen, U; Leth, T | 1 |
Andreatta, MM; Eynard, AR; Lantieri, MJ; Muñoz, SE; Navarro, A | 1 |
de Carvalho, AE; Fatibello-Filho, O; Medeiros, RA; Rocha-Filho, RC | 1 |
Barceloux, DG; Rangan, C | 1 |
Ackroff, K; Bahrani, M; Sclafani, A; Zukerman, S | 1 |
Bonyár-Müller, K; Ember, I; Gombos, K; Gubicskó-Kisbenedek, A; Hajnal, B; Marton, K; Polyák, E; Szabó, S | 1 |
Abe, K; Ishiguro, M; Koizumi, A; Masuda, K; Misaka, T; Nakajima, K; Tanaka, T | 1 |
Bachleda, P; Dvorak, Z; Kamenickova, A; Pecova, M | 1 |
van Eyk, AD | 1 |
de Oliveira, MA; Dolzan, MD; Micke, GA; Vistuba, JP; Vitali, L | 1 |
Goscinny, S; Janvier, S; Le Donne, C; Van Loco, J | 1 |
Gan, Z; Gao, C; Li, X; Li, Y; Ma, L; Sun, H; Zhang, T | 1 |
Alves, VR; de Oliveira, MAL; Dolzan, MD; Dos Santos, HF; Duarte, LM; Izumi, CMS; Micke, GA; Paschoal, D | 1 |
Angarita Dávila, L; de Assis Costa, J; Durán Agüero, S; Escobar Contreras, MC; Rojas Gómez, D | 1 |
Durán Agüero, S; Espinoza Espinoza, J; Fuentealba Arévalo, F; Salazar Ibacahe, C | 1 |
Li, B; Ren, HB; Wang, YT; Xu, XJ; Yin, JY; Zhang, YH; Zhu, H | 1 |
Ahmed, F; Choi, PM; Li, D; Li, J; Mueller, JF; O'Brien, JW; Sun, H; Thomas, KV; Thompson, J; Tscharke, BJ; Zheng, Q | 1 |
Almeida, CCB; Crispim, SP; Duarte, LM; Duran, ACDFL; Ferreira, SMR; Franceschini, SDCC; Grilo, MF; Macedo, MS | 1 |
Andrade, TFS; Arisseto-Bragotto, AP; Nicoluci, ÍG; Takehara, CT | 1 |
10 review(s) available for aspartame and cyclamic acid
Article | Year |
---|---|
[Sweetening agents: saccharin--cyclamate and its metabolites--aspartame].
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Aspartame; Chromosome Aberrations; Cricetinae; Cyclamates; Cyclohexanols; Cyclohexanones; Cyclohexylamines; Haplorhini; Mutation; Neoplasms; Rats; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents | 1980 |
Sweeteners--an overview. Part. 1.
Topics: Aspartame; Chalcone; Chalcones; Cyclamates; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Hesperidin; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; Legislation, Drug; Oxazines; Saccharin; Sugar Alcohols; Thiazines; Xylitol | 1981 |
Efficacy of sweeteners and sugar substitutes in caries prevention.
Topics: Aspartame; Cariostatic Agents; Cyclamates; Dental Caries; Disaccharides; Humans; Maltose; Mannitol; Saccharin; Sorbitol; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents; Xylitol | 1993 |
The world market for intense sweeteners.
Topics: Africa; Americas; Asia; Aspartame; Commerce; Cyclamates; Europe; Sweetening Agents | 1999 |
Flow injection determinations of artificial sweeteners: a review.
Topics: Aspartame; Biosensing Techniques; Cyclamates; Flow Injection Analysis; Food Additives; Potentiometry; Saccharin; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Sweetening Agents | 2000 |
[Artificial sweeteners--are they potentially carcinogenic?].
Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Carbonated Beverages; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclamates; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Rats; Risk; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents | 2001 |
Artificial sweeteners--do they bear a carcinogenic risk?
Topics: Aspartame; Case-Control Studies; Cyclamates; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents | 2004 |
The intake of intense sweeteners - an update review.
Topics: Adult; Aspartame; Cyclamates; Dipeptides; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Saccharin; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2006 |
Food additives and sensitivities.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Aspartame; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Coloring Agents; Cyclamates; Diacetyl; Emulsifying Agents; Food Additives; Food Handling; Food Hypersensitivity; Food Microbiology; Food Preservatives; History, 20th Century; Humans; Methemoglobinemia; Nitrates; Nitrites; Phenylketonurias; Saccharin; Sodium Glutamate; Sulfites | 2009 |
Noncaloric Sweeteners in Children: A Controversial Theme.
Topics: Aspartame; Child; Cyclamates; Energy Intake; Food Additives; Humans; Obesity; Risk Assessment; Saccharin; Stevia; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2018 |
2 trial(s) available for aspartame and cyclamic acid
Article | Year |
---|---|
Aspartame: effects on learning, behavior, and mood.
Topics: Affect; Aspartame; Carbohydrates; Child; Child Behavior; Cyclamates; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents | 1990 |
[The psychophysics of sweet taste. 7. New determination of sweet taste parameters of acesulfame, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, glucose and sorbitol].
Topics: Adult; Aspartame; Cyclamates; Female; Glucose; Humans; Middle Aged; Psychophysics; Saccharin; Sorbitol; Sweetening Agents; Taste; Thiazines | 1995 |
43 other study(ies) available for aspartame and cyclamic acid
Article | Year |
---|---|
An in vitro study of the effects of artificial sweeteners on adherent plaque formation.
Topics: Aspartame; Cyclamates; Dental Plaque; Saccharin; Streptococcus mutans; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents | 1977 |
Sugar substitutes.
Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Cricetinae; Cyclamates; Humans; Male; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | 1979 |
[Effects of sweetners on licking behavior in schedule-induced polydipsia].
Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Conditioning, Operant; Cyclamates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking Behavior; Male; Rats; Reinforcement Schedule; Saccharin; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents | 1977 |
Synthetic sweetners: cyclamates, saccharin, aspartame.
Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Aspartic Acid; Beverages; Cyclamates; Cyclohexylamines; Diet, Reducing; Dipeptides; Female; Fetus; Food; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mice; Phenylketonurias; Piperazines; Placenta; Polyps; Pregnancy; Primates; Rats; Saccharin; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms | 1975 |
Intake of intense sweeteners in Germany.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartame; Beverages; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cyclamates; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet Records; Diet, Reducing; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Germany; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Saccharin; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweetening Agents | 1992 |
Studies of the inhibitory action of intense sweeteners on oral microorganisms relating to dental health.
Topics: Aspartame; Bacteria; Cyclamates; Dental Plaque; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muscle Proteins; Saccharin; Streptococcus mutans; Sweetening Agents; Talin; Thiazines | 1986 |
Aspartame: effect on lunch-time food intake, appetite and hedonic response in children.
Topics: Appetite; Aspartame; Beverages; Child; Cyclamates; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dipeptides; Eating; Female; Food Preferences; Humans; Hunger; Male; Sucrose | 1989 |
Position of the American Dietetic Association: appropriate use of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners.
Topics: Aspartame; Cyclamates; Dietetics; Fructose; Humans; Mannitol; Saccharin; Societies; Sorbitol; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents | 1987 |
Table top artificial sweeteners. Current use in Canada.
Topics: Aspartame; Canada; Cyclamates; Diet; Humans; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents | 1985 |
Sensory evaluation of soft drinks with various sweeteners.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartame; Beverages; Carbonated Beverages; Cyclamates; Discrimination, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Saccharin; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Taste; Thiazines | 1985 |
[Prophylaxis of dental caries using sugar substitutes].
Topics: Adult; Aspartame; Cariogenic Agents; Child, Preschool; Cyclamates; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Fluoridation; Germany, West; Humans; Nutritive Value; Oral Hygiene; Saccharin; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents | 1984 |
Non-nutritive sweetening agents.
Topics: Aspartame; Cyclamates; Glycoproteins; Humans; Plant Proteins; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Tryptophan | 1980 |
Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Aspartame; Child; Cyclamates; Dietetics; Dipeptides; Female; Fructose; Humans; Pregnancy; Saccharin; Societies; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 1993 |
Use of artificial sweeteners to promote alcohol consumption by rats.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Aspartame; Cyclamates; Drinking Behavior; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents | 1997 |
Effects of artificial sweeteners on insulin release and cationic fluxes in rat pancreatic islets.
Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Calcium; Cations; Cyclamates; Diterpenes; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Female; Glucose; Glucosides; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Kinetics; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rubidium; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Terpenes; Thiazines | 1998 |
Intake of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K and cyclamate in Italian teenagers: present levels and projections.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartame; Cyclamates; Diet Surveys; Humans; Italy; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Saccharin; Sex Factors; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 1999 |
Solution properties and sweetness response of selected bulk and intense sweeteners.
Topics: Aspartame; Cyclamates; Maltose; Saccharin; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents; Taste; Thiazines | 1999 |
Measurement of the relative sweetness of stevia extract, aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin blend as compared to sucrose at different concentrations.
Topics: Aspartame; Cyclamates; Diterpenes; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glucosides; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Saccharin; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Taste Threshold; Terpenes | 1999 |
Estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamate and saccharin in a group of Swedish diabetics.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartame; Beverages; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclamates; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Female; Food; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Saccharin; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweden; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2003 |
Receptors for bitter, sweet and umami taste couple to inhibitory G protein signaling pathways.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Aspartame; Cell Line; Colforsin; Cyclamates; Cyclic AMP; Cycloheximide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fructose; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; Humans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Pertussis Toxin; Phosphorylation; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Saccharin; Sodium Glutamate; Sucrose; Taste; Taste Buds; Transducin; Tryptophan | 2004 |
Different functional roles of T1R subunits in the heteromeric taste receptors.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Aspartame; Benzene Derivatives; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Cyclamates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavoring Agents; Glutamates; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Point Mutation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Subunits; Rats; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Sodium Glutamate; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sucrose; Taste; Taste Buds; Transfection | 2004 |
[Analysis of nine kinds of sweeteners in foods by LC/MS].
Topics: Aspartame; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclamates; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Food Analysis; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Phenylurea Compounds; Saccharin; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2005 |
Separation and simultaneous determination of four artificial sweeteners in food and beverages by ion chromatography.
Topics: Anion Exchange Resins; Aspartame; Carbonated Beverages; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Citrus; Cyclamates; Food Analysis; Fruit; Reproducibility of Results; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2005 |
Estimated intake of intense sweeteners from non-alcoholic beverages in Denmark.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartame; Beverages; Carbonated Beverages; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclamates; Denmark; Diet Surveys; Food Analysis; Humans; Infant; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Middle Aged; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2007 |
Synthesis, characterization and antimycobacterial activity of Ag(I)-aspartame, Ag(I)-saccharin and Ag(I)-cyclamate complexes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartame; Cyclamates; Humans; Ligands; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Organometallic Compounds; Saccharin; Silver | 2007 |
Influence of artificial sweeteners on the kinetic and metabolic behavior of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.
Topics: Aspartame; Biomass; Culture Media; Cyclamates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Models, Biological; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Yogurt | 2007 |
Estimated intake of intense sweeteners from non-alcoholic beverages in Denmark, 2005.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartame; Beverages; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclamates; Denmark; Diet Surveys; Female; Food Analysis; Humans; Infant; Male; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Middle Aged; Saccharin; Sex Factors; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2008 |
Artificial sweetener consumption and urinary tract tumors in Cordoba, Argentina.
Topics: Aged; Argentina; Aspartame; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Case-Control Studies; Cyclamates; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines; Urologic Neoplasms | 2008 |
Simultaneous square-wave voltammetric determination of aspartame and cyclamate using a boron-doped diamond electrode.
Topics: Aspartame; Boron; Cyclamates; Diamond; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Food Analysis | 2008 |
Stevia and saccharin preferences in rats and mice.
Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Cyclamates; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Drinking; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; Glucosides; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saccharin; Species Specificity; Stevia; Sweetening Agents; Taste; Taste Threshold | 2010 |
Effects of artificial sweeteners on body weight, food and drink intake.
Topics: Animals; Aspartame; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cyclamates; Drinking; Eating; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines; Time Factors | 2010 |
Characterization of the modes of binding between human sweet taste receptor and low-molecular-weight sweet compounds.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartame; Binding Sites; Computer Simulation; Cyclamates; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Weight; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Saccharin; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines; Tryptophan | 2012 |
Effects of artificial sweeteners on the AhR- and GR-dependent CYP1A1 expression in primary human hepatocytes and human cancer cells.
Topics: Aspartame; Cell Line, Tumor; Cells, Cultured; Cyclamates; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Food-Drug Interactions; Hepatocytes; Humans; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2013 |
The effect of five artificial sweeteners on Caco-2, HT-29 and HEK-293 cells.
Topics: Aspartame; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Survival; Colonic Neoplasms; Comet Assay; Cyclamates; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epithelial Cells; HEK293 Cells; HT29 Cells; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Risk Assessment; Saccharin; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines; Time Factors | 2015 |
Sub-minute method for simultaneous determination of aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame-K and saccharin in food and pharmaceutical samples by capillary zone electrophoresis.
Topics: Aspartame; Cyclamates; Electrolytes; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Food Analysis; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2015 |
Low-calorie sweeteners in food and food supplements on the Italian market.
Topics: Aspartame; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyclamates; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dipeptides; Energy Intake; Food Additives; Food Contamination; Hesperidin; Humans; Italy; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thiazines | 2015 |
Occurrence of artificial sweeteners in human liver and paired blood and urine samples from adults in Tianjin, China and their implications for human exposure.
Topics: Adult; Aspartame; China; Cyclamates; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Liver; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents | 2016 |
Simultaneous determination of aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin and acesulfame-K in powder tabletop sweeteners by FT-Raman spectroscopy associated with the multivariate calibration: PLS, iPLS and siPLS models were compared.
Topics: Aspartame; Calibration; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyclamates; Food Analysis; Fourier Analysis; Least-Squares Analysis; Powders; Saccharin; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Sweetening Agents; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thiazines | 2017 |
Consumption of non-caloric sweeteners among pregnant Chileans: a cross-sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartame; Chile; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclamates; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Non-Nutritive Sweeteners; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Saccharin; Social Class; Sucrose; Thiazines | 2019 |
FTIR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning approaches as a rapid tool for identification and quantification of artificial sweeteners.
Topics: Aspartame; Beverages; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclamates; Machine Learning; Principal Component Analysis; Saccharin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2020 |
National wastewater reconnaissance of artificial sweetener consumption and emission in Australia.
Topics: Aspartame; Australia; Cyclamates; Sweetening Agents; Wastewater | 2020 |
Dietary exposure to low-calorie sweeteners in a sample of Brazilian pregnant women.
Topics: Aspartame; Brazil; Cyclamates; Dietary Exposure; Female; Humans; Non-Nutritive Sweeteners; Pregnancy; Sweetening Agents | 2022 |
A comprehensive database of declared high-intensity sweeteners in Brazilian commercial products and updated exposure assessment.
Topics: Aspartame; Brazil; Cyclamates; Dietary Sugars; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Glucosides; Humans; Non-Nutritive Sweeteners; Saccharin; Sweetening Agents; Thiazines | 2022 |