ascorbic-acid and hippuric-acid

To evaluate health benefits attributed to Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study was undertaken to compare the impact of an aqueous H. sabdariffa L. extract (HSE) on the systemic antioxidant potential (AOP; assayed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) with a reference treatment (water) in eight healthy volunteers. The biokinetic variables were the areas under the curve (AUC) of plasma FRAP, ascorbic acid and urate that are above the pre-dose concentration, and the amounts excreted into urine within 24 h (Ae(0-24) ) of antioxidants as assayed by FRAP, ascorbic acid, uric acid, malondialdehyde (biomarker for oxidative stress), and hippuric acid (metabolite and potential biomarker for total polyphenol intake).. HSE caused significantly higher plasma AUC of FRAP, an increase in Ae(0-24) of FRAP, ascorbic acid and hippuric acid, whereas malondialdehyde excretion was reduced. Furthermore, the main hibiscus anthocyanins as well as one glucuronide conjugate could be quantified in the volunteers' urine (0.02% of the administered dose).. The aqueous HSE investigated in this study enhanced the systemic AOP and reduced the oxidative stress in humans. Furthermore, the increased urinary hippuric acid excretion after HSE consumption indicates a high biotransformation of the ingested HSE polyphenols, most likely caused by the colonic microbiota.

Topics: Adult; Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Area Under Curve; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Biotransformation; Female; Glucuronides; Health; Hibiscus; Hippurates; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Reference Values; Uric Acid; Young Adult

Microbial biofilm formation, a quorum sensing (QS) regulated process, is one of the major causes of nosocomial and chronic infections, foodborne diseases, and associated deaths. Various approaches have been used to eradicate the menace of biofilm. Ethnomedicinal plants as potent antibiofilm agents are gaining a lot of interest in an era where the drug resistance is increasing and the availability of potent antibiotics is no longer promised. In this context, the methanol extract of Cuphea carthagenensis (CCMD), an ethno-medicinal and culinary herb, was evaluated as an antibiofilm and anti-QS agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. The aim of the study is to evaluate the antibiofilm and anti-QS activity of an ethnomedicinal plant against a strong biofilm forming microorganism, P. aeruginosa.. Antibiofilm activity of CCMD was demonstrated at different concentrations by Tissue Culture Plate, Test Tube method and other microscopic techniques. The effect of CCMD on QS and QS-related virulence factors viz. Pyocyanin, exopolymeric substance matrix (EPS), total protease, elastase, pyoverdin and swimming motility in P. aeruginosa were also evaluated. Antioxidant activity (DPPH & FRAP), total phenolic and flavonoid content were also checked. In order to determine the composition of the extract HPLC analysis was also performed.. In vitro study demonstrated a significant inhibition of biofilm formation (81.88 ± 2.57%) as well as production of QS-dependent virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. The extract also inhibited violacein production (83.31 ± 2.77%) in Chromobacterium violaceum which correlates with the reduction in QS-mediated virulence factors. The extract showed 64.79% ± 0.83% DPPH scavenging activity and reduction of ferricyanide complex (Fe. This work is the first to demonstrate that C. carthagenensis can attenuate biofilm formation and QS-mediated virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. Further investigation is required to use this ethnomedicinal plant (CCMD) as an important source of antibiofilm agents.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biofilms; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromobacterium; Cuphea; Ellagic Acid; Flavonoids; Hippurates; Indoles; Medicine, Traditional; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence Factors

Efficiency of energy conversion for electro-osmosis and streaming potential and the degree of coupling of acids across urinary bladder membranes of goat have been computed using non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory. The energy conversion maxima and degree of coupling for acids responsible for the formation of urinary calculi are found to be much low as compared to urea and urine.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Carboxylic Acids; Citrates; Citric Acid; Electrophysiology; Goats; Hippurates; In Vitro Techniques; Membranes; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Urinary Bladder

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of nine urinary acidic and alcoholic catecholamine metabolites and urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid. Incubation of a urine sample in the presence of ascorbic acid, glucuronidase and acylase and subsequent extraction with ethyl acetate precedes derivatization to trimethylsilyl compounds, capillary gas chromatographic separation and flame-ionization detection. The automated dual injection procedure and the analytical characteristics of the proposed method are reported in detail. Special attention is paid to problems that occur in analysis on a routine basis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Autoanalysis; Catecholamines; Chromatography, Gas; Hippurates; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Middle Aged; Specimen Handling