ascorbic-acid and glycolic-acid

This article summarizes the antiaging properties of retinoids, glycolic acid, ascorbic acid, and peptide topicals. The supporting evidence is taken from the literature and the primary author's research, consisting of previously published data and new results from ongoing projects.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Ascorbic Acid; Glycolates; Humans; Peptides; Retinoids; Skin Absorption; Skin Aging; Skin Care

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chromans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Glycolates; Humans; Interleukin-3; Leukocytes; Luminescent Measurements; Melatonin; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Radiation-Protective Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Burst; Singlet Oxygen; Skin; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays

The reactions that culminate in the synthesis of oxalate in human cells have not yet been clarified. Glycolate and glyoxylate appear to be major precursors. Experimental problems and unresolved issues are highlighted in this review. Assumptions that have been made with out experimental support are identified. The recognition of these assumptions and the testing of their validity should advance our knowledge of the pathways involved, their regulation, and their physiologic significance.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Glycolates; Glyoxylates; Humans; Hyperoxaluria; Models, Biological; Oxalates

Periorbital Melanosis (POM) is a very common esthetic condition, yet there is no definite treatment modality. Topical therapy is the mainstay of treatment which includes chemical peels, vitamin C, and other depigmenting agents.. To compare clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 20% glycolic acid peels, 15% lactic acid peels, and topical 20% vitamin C in treatment of constitutional type of POM in Indian patients.. Ninety patients of constitutional POM were enrolled for 12 weeks. The patients were distributed into three groups. One-third of patients underwent 3-weekly GA peel, another one-third underwent 3-weekly lactic peel, and rest applied vitamin C daily. Clinical improvement was assessed objectively using POM grading. Patient's and physicians global assessment along with patient's global tolerance was also evaluated.. More than 50% improvement in POM was observed in 73.34% of patients on GA peel, 56.67% on lactic peel, and 26.67% on vitamin C. On comparing improvement with respect to duration of therapy, GA peel was significantly more effective than lactic peel from 12 weeks onward, while it was more effective than vitamin C from 6 weeks onward. Lactic peel was more effective than vitamin C from 6 weeks onward. Physician and patient global assessment was excellent with glycolic peel followed by lactic peel and vitamin C. The incidence of adverse effect was maximum with GA peel followed by lactic peel and vitamin C.. Glycolic peel was best among the three modalities, although it was associated with increased rate of side effects.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chemexfoliation; Eye; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Lactic Acid; Male; Melanosis; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

  Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder. Despite the availability of a wide range of skin-lightening treatments, melasma of skin remains a therapeutic challenge..   The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanosome vitamin C iontophoresis and to compare the therapeutic effects of nanosome vitamin C iontophoresis vs. glycolic acid peel 70% in the treatment of melasma in Egyptian women..   This study included 14 patients of melasma with skin type IV-V taken for a right-left comparison study of six sessions. Glycolic acid 70% peel was applied on the right side, whereas nanosome vitamin C was applied by iontophoresis on the other side. The results are evaluated using the melasma area and severity index score and with photographs at baseline and after six sessions. Also the photographs were evaluated by two single-blinded physicians before and after sessions..   Both sides were improved, but the side treated with nanosome vitamin C showed better results. Side effects were few and transient..   We concluded that nanosome vitamin C is a new, safe and effective, easy and painless method in the treatment of melasma.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chemexfoliation; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Iontophoresis; Keratolytic Agents; Liposomes; Melanosis; Middle Aged; Nanoparticles; Severity of Illness Index; Single-Blind Method

A major cause of skin aging is a chronic microinflammation created by environmental conditions and ultraviolet exposures. The hand-free application on the skin of a new intense light combining a narrowband blue-light (405- to 420-nm) antiinflammatory emission and a near-infrared (850- to 890-nm) emission inducing self-defense mechanisms provides a new component to photorejuvenation and antiaging treatment protocols.. An innovative skin rejuvenation schedule is presented in this study. It includes skin exposure to the light, with concomitant glycolic peels and daily vitamin C cream regimen for group A and only topical vitamin C cream and glycolic peels for control group B.. Results show a significant improvement on pore size, rhytids, and radiance in group A. Conversely no improvement is noticed in group B except for a brief increase of skin radiance. Mechanisms of action of that specific light source are discussed.. The exposure to this device can clinically enhance conventional antiaging protocols in skin rejuvenation.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Patient Satisfaction; Phototherapy; Rejuvenation; Skin Aging; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temperature; Treatment Outcome; Vitamins

Melasma, also known as mask of pregnancy, is a common, acquired hypermelanosis seen in women with Fitzpatrick skin types II-V, and is often recalcitrant to treatment with depigmentation agents. Glycolic acid has been added to hydroquinone formulations in the past to enhance their depigmentation effects, but may cause irritation, leading to postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.. To assess the safety and efficacy of a cream containing 4% hydroquinone, 10% buffered glycolic acid, vitamins C and E, and sunscreen (Glyquin, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, USA) vs. a cream containing sunscreen alone in the depigmentation of epidermal melasma of the face.. Thirty-nine Hispanic women, Fitzpatrick skin types III-V, with bilateral epidermal melasma were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial lasting 12 weeks. Patients underwent twice-daily full-face application with the study cream or with the cream containing sunscreen only. Changes in pigmentation were measured using a mexameter, the melasma area and severity index (MASI), and a global evaluation by the patient and blind investigator. Safety evaluations were performed at each follow-up visit.. Thirty-five patients completed the trial. Irritation was more common with the study cream, but resolved with temporary cessation of cream application and the addition of moisturizers. Mexameter results demonstrated a significant decrease in the degree of pigmentation using the study cream compared with the cream containing sunscreen alone (P < 0.0001). Fifteen of 20 patients (75%) using the study cream improved, whereas only two of 15 patients (13%) improved using sunscreen alone.. A cream containing 4% hydroquinone, 10% buffered glycolic acid, vitamins C and E, and sunscreen is safe and effective in the treatment of melasma.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Hydroquinones; Keratolytic Agents; Melanosis; Severity of Illness Index; Sunscreening Agents; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin E

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cosmeceuticals; Estrogens; Female; Glycine max; Glycolates; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Plant Preparations; Skin Aging; Tretinoin

The standard management of acne vulgaris in Japan includes a combination of topical treatment with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and BPO/clindamycin (CLDM), topical adapalene and systemic antimicrobials. However, the treatment of therapy-resistant complications such as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), erosions with inflamed red papules and atrophic scars has not been established. We performed chemical peeling with glycolic acid and iontophoresis with ascorbyl 2-phosphate 6-palmitate and DL-α-tocopherol phosphate for the treatment of PIH, erosions with inflamed red papules and non-inflamed atrophic scars in 31 patients with acne vulgaris (mild to severe severity), and evaluated the efficacy and safety of these interventions. In most of cases, there was remarkable improvement in PIH and erosions with inflamed red papules after treatment. There was also some improvement in non-inflamed atrophic scars without erythema. Mild redness and irritation was observed in four cases as adverse reactions. Early initial treatment of PIH and erosions with red papules by chemical peeling and iontophoresis is an effective and safe method to prevent the formation of atrophic scars in patients with acne vulgaris.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adapalene; Adolescent; Adult; alpha-Tocopherol; Anti-Infective Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Atrophy; Benzoyl Peroxide; Chemexfoliation; Cicatrix; Clindamycin; Combined Modality Therapy; Erythema; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Iontophoresis; Japan; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban is well known in promoting wound healing and provides significant benefits in skin care and therapeutic products formulation. Glycolic acid and vitamins also play a role in the enhancement of collagen and fibronectin synthesis. Here, we evaluate the specific effect of Centella asiatica (CA), vitamins, glycolic acid and their mixture preparations to stimulate collagen and fibronectin synthesis in cultured human fibroblast cells. The fibroblast cells are incubated with CA, glycolic acid, vitamins and their mixture preparations for 48 h. The cell lysates were analyzed for protein content and collagen synthesis by direct binding enzyme immunoassay. The fibronectin of the cultured supernatant was measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that CA, glycolic acid, vitamins A, E and C significantly stimulate collagen and fibronectin synthesis in the fibroblast. Addition of glycolic acid and vitamins to CA further increased the levels of collagen and fibronectin synthesis to 8.55 and 23.75 μg/100 μg, respectively. CA, glycolic acid, vitamins A, E, and C, and their mixtures demonstrated stimulatory effect on both extra-cellular matrix synthesis of collagen and fibronectin in in vitro studies on human foreskin fibroblasts, which is beneficial to skin care and therapeutic products formulation.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Centella; Collagen; Drug Combinations; Fibroblasts; Fibronectins; Glycolates; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Plant Extracts; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Synthetic non-degradable meshes used in pelvic floor surgery can cause serious complications such as tissue erosion. A repair material composed of an autologous oral fibroblast seeded degradable polylactic acid scaffold may be a viable alternative. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of media supplementation with additives (ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, glycolic acid and 17-β-oestradiol) on the mechanical properties of these scaffolds. Oral fibroblasts were isolated from buccal mucosa. The effects of the three additives were initially compared in two-dimensional culture to select the most promising collagen stimulating additive. Sterile electrospun scaffolds were seeded with 500,000 oral fibroblasts and fixed in 6-well plates and subjected to ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (the best performing additive) and/or mechanical stimulation. Mechanical stimulation by fluid shear stress was induced by rocking scaffolds on a platform shaker for 1 h/day for 10 of 14 days of culture. In two-dimensional culture, ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (concentrations from 0.02 mM to 0.04 M) and glycolic acid (10 µM) led to significantly greater total collagen production, but ascorbic acid-2-phosphate at 0.03 mM produced the greatest stimulation (of the order of >100%). In three-dimensional culture, mechanical stimulation alone gave non-significant increases in stiffness and strength. Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (0.03 mM) significantly increased collagen production in the order 280% in both static and mechanically stimulated scaffolds (p < 0.0001). There was no additional effect of mechanical stimulation. Dense collagen I fibres were observed with ascorbic acid-2-phosphate supplementation. Uniaxial tensiometry showed that strength (p < 0.01) and stiffness (p <0.05) both improved significantly. A combination of ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and mechanical stimulation led to further non-signficant increases in strength and stiffness. In conclusion, a pelvic floor repair material with improved mechanical properties can be developed by supplementing culture media with ascorbic acid-2-phosphate to increase collagen I production. Future studies will assess the change in mechanical properties after implantation in an animal model.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Biocompatible Materials; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Collagen Type I; Elastic Modulus; Estradiol; Fibroblasts; Glycolates; Humans; Materials Testing; Surgical Mesh; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds

This study was undertaken with the aim of developing an easy and quick means of analyzing the effect of various compounds on the synthesis and secretion of human type I collagen at the protein level. A modification of the ELISA method was used on HFF-1 cells. For the proof of concept, we used thirteen compounds most of which are known to be antioxidants. Each compound was tested at concentrations of 0, 10 and 100 microM on HFF-1 cells for 24 h. Thirteen sets of experiments for each compound were performed in ANOVA with three replicates. Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used to compare the mean values obtained from the treatment groups. From the results it was concluded that Vitamin C, undecylenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, glycolic acid, and citric acid at 100 microM concentration could be used for anti-wrinkling or protection from premature aging, which requires enhancement of collagen synthesis. Lactic acid, EGCG, resveratrol, and retinol that can inhibit collagen synthesis effectively in a dose-dependent manner may be used for anti-fibrosis treatment purposes.

Topics: Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Cell Line; Citric Acid; Collagen Type I; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fibrosis; Glycolates; Humans; Lactic Acid; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Undecylenic Acids; Vitamin A

Ascorbic acid overload and vitamin B6 deficiency have been implicated in the development of hyperoxalemia in dialysis patients, but there is still disagreement about this. Hemodialysis patients who are exposed long-term hyperoxalemia may develop secondary oxalosis with an increased risk of cardiac, vascular, and bone disease, and thus may benefit from maintaining a low serum oxalic acid level. In 452 hemodialysis patients, the serum level of oxalic acid was 47.2 +/- 22.9 micromol /l before and 16.9 +/- 10.5 micromol/l after a 4-hour dialysis session, while the ascorbic acid levels were 39.0 +/- 92.7 micromol/l and 6.5 +/- 18.6 micromol/l, the glycolic acid levels were 7.3 +/- 10.1 micromol/l and 0.6 +/- 2.3 micromol/l, and the citric acid levels were 141.3 +/- 54.7 micromol/l and 117.6 +/- 37.2 micromol/l, respectively. Most patients (65.3 percent) had low serum ascorbic acid levels (less than 10 micromol/l) before hemodialysis. The serum level of oxalic acid [Ox] showed a significant positive correlation with the levels of ascorbic acid [AA], glycolic acid [Gly], and creatinine [Cre]: [Ox] = 21.711 + 0.181 x [AA] + 0.174 x [Gly] + 0.171 x [Cre], (all micromol/l, p less than 0.05). In 124 dialysis patients, the 4-pyridoxic acid level was 8.9 +/- 19.6 micromol /l before and 3.9 +/- 8.8 micromol/l after dialysis, and it was not correlated with oxalic acid or glycolic acid. Most dialysis patients (65.3 percent) had low serum levels of ascorbic acid, but a subgroup of patients (12 percent) had high serum ascorbic acid levels (more than 100 micromol/l) associated with hyperoxalemia (88.2 +/- 24.5 micromol/l). High-dose vitamin C supplementation may aggravate hyperoxalemia in hemodialysis patients, so attention should be paid to avoiding this risk.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Citric Acid; Creatinine; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Oxalic Acid; Pyridoxic Acid; Renal Dialysis; Risk; Time Factors; Vitamin B 6

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantifying four of the most common used hydrophilic whitening agent--glycolic acid (GA), ascorbic acid (AA), arbutin (ART) and Mg ascorbyl phosphate (MAP), has been developed. Isocratic separation was performed using a C18 column with ion-pair agent as mobile phase. The analytes were detected by ultraviolet light absorption at the wavelength of 220 and 240 nm, respectively. Calibration curves were found to be linear in the 8.0-36 mg/ml (GA), 10.0-300 microg/ml (AA and ART), and 5.6-451 microg/ml (MAP). The correlation coefficient of linear regression analysis were with the range 0.9974-0.9997. Recoveries of the four analytes were between 94.8 and 100.1% and the precision of this method was better than 6.9% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) (n=3). It was found that AA degraded in an aqueous solution. To be sure that AA was stable during the HPLC analysis, all analytes were dissolved in distilled water and these solutions were purged with nitrogen gas to remove oxygen and stored at 25 degrees C. The testing results show that the procedure is rapid, simple, selective method and it is suitable for routine analysis of commercial cosmetics.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cosmetics; Glycolates

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chemexfoliation; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Glycolates; Humans; Hydroxy Acids; Lactic Acid; Resorcinols; Retinoids; Salicylates; Skin Aging; Skin Care; Trichloroacetic Acid

Topical treatment of striae rubra with 0.1% tretinoin and laser treatment of striae rubra and alba with the 585-nm pulsed dye laser are proven therapeutic options. However, little efficacy has been shown for treatment of striae alba topically, and the laser is currently not a suitable treatment option for darker ethnic skin types.. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that selected commercial topical agents can improve the appearance of striae alba.. Ten patients of varying skin types (I-V) having straie distensae alba on the abdomen or thighs were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of two topical treatment regimens. Patients were placed on daily topical application of 20% glycolic acid (MD Forte) to the entire treatment area. In addition, the patients applied 10% L-ascorbic acid, 2% zinc sulfate, and 0.5% tyrosine to half to the treatment area and 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream (Renova) to the other half of the treatment area. The creams were applied on a daily basis for 12 weeks. Improvement was evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks in an objective unblinded fashion at the follow-up visits, a objective blinded fashion by visual grading at the conclusion of the study, and in an objective blinded fashion with profilometry. Additionally, histopathologic analysis was performed.. Analysis of these data reveals: 1) both regimens can improve the appearance of stretch marks; 2) these topical therapy regimens are safe and effective in study patients with minimal irritation; 3) elastin content within the reticular and papillary dermis can increase with topical 20% glycolic acid combined with 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream therapy; 4) both regimens increased epidermal thickness and decreased papillary dermal thickness in treated stretch marks when compared with untreated stretch marks; 5) combined epidermal and papillary dermal thickness in stretch marks treated with either topical regimen approaches that of normal skin; and 6) profilometry can objectively measure differences in skin texture associated with striae treatments when compared to controls, however, it is not sensitive enough to justify comparison or quantitative improvements between similarly effective treatments.

Topics: Abdomen; Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Astringents; Atrophy; Connective Tissue Diseases; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Elastic Tissue; Elastin; Emollients; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycolates; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Middle Aged; Safety; Single-Blind Method; Skin; Thigh; Tretinoin; Tyrosine; Zinc Sulfate

Topics: Administration, Topical; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Glycolates; Humans; Lactic Acid; Radiation-Protective Agents; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Tretinoin; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E

A novel series of hybrid L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) phosphodiesters linked at the C-2 hydroxyl group with other biologically active substances, namely myo-inositol, arbutin, 4-hydroxy-L-proline, and glycolic acid were synthesized, and their thermal stability and reducing activity against free radicals were estimated in vitro. All of the phosphodiesters exhibited high thermal stabilities; however, their antioxidant activities in vitro were generally lower than that of vitamin C.

Topics: Antioxidants; Arbutin; Ascorbic Acid; Bepridil; Biphenyl Compounds; Esters; Free Radicals; Glycolates; Hydroxyproline; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphorylation; Picrates; Temperature

The mean plasma oxalic acid level is increased in renal failure. The mean plasma oxalic acid level was 74.8 +/- 18.5 mumol/l in 15 patients with chronic renal failure and 129.9 +/- 47.7 mumol/l in 31 patients on chronic haemodialysis which are several times higher than the normal range (16.8 +/- 6.0 mumol/l). During haemodialysis oxalic acid showed a behaviour similar to that of creatinine. The increased plasma oxalic acid levels are due to the accumulation of oxalic acid in renal insufficiency and additional metabolic factors increasing endogenous synthesis of oxalic acid. The administration of pyridoxine caused a decrease of the mean plasma oxalic acid level by 46% (32.0 to 56.1%) in 6 out of 8 chronic haemodialysis patients. This occurred most probably by correcting a vitamin B6 deficiency. Investigations of the intraerythrocyte glutamic oxalacetic transaminases showed, that the action of pyridoxine therapy on the endogenous oxalic acid synthesis can be explained by an increase of available pyridoxal-5-phosphate, the active metabolite of vitamin B6. The administration of vitamin B1, however, caused no statistically significant decrease of the plasma oxalic acid levels. Other influences on plasma oxalic acid synthesis result from the diminished excretion of the precursors of oxalic acid glycolic acid and ascorbic acid. The conversion of glycolic acid to glycine is probably increased in uraemia. The administration of 1 g ascorbic acid after each haemodialysis caused a striking increase of the plasma oxalic acid levels up to 240% of the initial value within 2 weeks, as a consequence of an increased metabolism of accumulated ascorbic acid. Increased plasma oxalic acid levels seem to be an important factor for calcium oxalate deposits in uraemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Combined Modality Therapy; Erythrocytes; Glycolates; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Pyridoxine; Renal Dialysis; Thiamine; Uremia

Using a gas-chromatographic method, we examined the effects of phosphate concentration, added calcium chloride, and pH on precipitation of oxalate from urine. All three factors are important, but the pH of precipitation is particularly so, especially in the presence of even normal concentrations of ascorbic acid. At pH 8, increases in measured oxalate ranged from 20% at an ascorbic acid concentration of 1 mmol/L to more than 300% at 15 mmol/L. Ascorbic acid is rapidly converted to oxalate at alkaline pH. We also investigated the stability of both untreated and acidified urine containing ascorbic acid during storage for up to one month at -70, -20, and 4 degrees C, and room temperature. After one month, untreated collections were stable at -70 degrees C and acidified collections at -20 and -70 degrees C. We recommend conditions for assay and storage of urine specimens that are to be assayed for oxalate under which positive interference by ascorbic acid is minimized.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Calcium Chloride; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Gas; False Positive Reactions; Female; Glycolates; Glyoxylates; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxalates; Phosphates; Specimen Handling