ascorbic-acid and chrysin

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of chrysin, quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability, somatic attributes, hepatic antioxidant status and early post-hatch growth performance of broiler chicks. Four hundred and eighty embryonated broiler breeder eggs containing live 18-day-old embryos were divided into six groups of 80 eggs each. One group remained intact and served as a control group (i), whereas the other five groups were injected with the prepared injection solutions as follows: (ii) 0.05 ml distilled water; (iii) 0.05 ml distilled water containing 6 mg ascorbic acid; (iv) 0.05 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); (v) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg quercetin; and (vi) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg chrysin. The hatchability rate, hatching weight, residual yolk sac weight, yolk sac-free body weight, liver weight, hepatic glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities, as well as malondialdehyde concentrations, were not affected by the injected solutions. There were no differences between chicks hatched from the control and in ovo injected eggs in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio from 0 to 11 days of age. However, the specific contrast performed between the in ovo injected groups and intact eggs revealed that in ovo injection significantly increased hatchability rate (p = .0493). This finding also implies that our injection procedure was harmless. In conclusion, the intra-egg injection of chrysin, quercetin or ascorbic acid at the injection rates used in this study did not have a significant effect on hatchability, somatic characteristics, early growth performance and hepatic antioxidant status of broiler chicks. However, the overall hatchability was higher in the in ovo injected eggs as compared to non-injected ones. These findings also confirmed the harmlessness of the procedure developed for in ovo injection in this study.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Flavonoids; Liver; Male; Ovum; Quercetin; Survival Analysis

Chemoprevention is considered as one of the most promising and realistic approaches in the prevention of lung cancer. Chrysin, a naturally occurring dietary flavone widely found in Passiflora family of plants and honey, has been studied extensively for its chemopreventive properties. The objective of present study is to divulge the chemopreventive role of chrysin against benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.. B(a)P was administered orally (50mg/kg body weight) twice a week for four weeks to induce lung cancer in mice. The body weight, lung weight, tumor incidence, lipid peroxidation, carcinoembryonic antigen, enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin E and vitamin C) were estimated. Further, histopathological analysis of lung tissue and western blotting analysis of PCNA, COX-2 and NF-κB were also carried out.. Administration of B(a)P resulted in increased lipid peroxides and carcinoembryonic antigen with concomitant decrease in the levels of both enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Chrysin treatment (250mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated all these changes thereby showing potent anti lung cancer effect. Further, the anticancer effect of chrysin was confirmed by histopathology of lungs, and immunoblotting analysis of PCNA, COX-2 and NF-κB, where chrysin supplementation downregulated the expression of these proteins and maintained cellular homeostasis.. Overall, these findings confirm the chemopreventive potential of chrysin against B(a)P induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice.

Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Benzo(a)pyrene; Carcinogenesis; Catalase; Chemoprevention; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Flavones; Flavonoids; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Reductase; Lipid Peroxidation; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; NF-kappa B; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin E

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Amyloid-β25-35 (Aβ25-35), a well-established neurotoxicant, is reported to be involved in the etiology of AD. Chrysin (CN) with its wide range of biological activities in terms of reversing the neuronal damage once induced is limited due to its compromised bioavailability. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) on the other hand due to its improved protein stability, avoids proteolytic degradation, as well as sustained release of the incorporated molecules could be widely applied as a drug delivery vehicle. Hence, in the present investigation, we prepared CN loaded SLNs (CN-SLNs) and investigated its therapeutic role in alleviating Aβ25-35 administered neuronal damage. All the antioxidant enzymes and non-antioxidant enzyme in hippocampus were reduced significantly (P<0.01) in the Aβ25-35 injected group, whereas lipid peroxidation and acetylcholine esterase were increased significantly (P<0.01). These changes were restored significantly (P<0.01) by CN-SLNs (5mg/kg and 10mg/kg) and (P<0.05) by free CN (50mg/kg and 100mg/kg). Aβ25-35 also resulted in poor memory retention in behavioral tasks and histopathological sections of the hippocampal region showed the extent of neuronal loss which was thereby restored back on treatment with CN-SLNs and free CN. Our findings demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of CN could be attained at lower dose and also its oral bioavailability could be increased by encapsulating CN in SLNs. Thus the results suggest that CN-SLNs could be used as a potential therapeutic and a brain targeting strategy to combat the global burden of Alzheimer's disease.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Delivery Systems; Flavonoids; Glutathione; Hippocampus; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Maze Learning; Motor Activity; Nanoparticles; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recognition, Psychology

Selenium-containing chrysin (SeChry) and 3,7,3',4'-tetramethylquercetin (SePQue) derivatives were synthesized by a microwave-based methodology. In addition to their improvement in terms of DPPH scavenging and potential GPx-like activities, when tested in a panel of cancer cell lines both selenium-derivatives revealed consistently to be more cytotoxic when compared with their oxo and thio-analogues, evidencing the key role of selenocabonyl moiety for these activities. In particular, SeChry elicited a noteworthy cytotoxic activity with mean IC50 values 18- and 3-fold lower than those observed for chrysin and cisplatin, respectively. Additionally, these seleno-derivatives evidenced an ability to overcome cisplatin and multidrug resistance. Notably, a differential behavior toward malignant and nonmalignant cells was observed for SeChry and SePQue, exhibiting higher selectivity indexes when compared with the chalcogen-derivatives and cisplatin. Our preliminary investigation on the mechanism of cytotoxicity of SeChry and SePQue in MCF-7 human mammary cancer cells demonstrated their capacity to efficiently suppress the clonal expansion along with their ability to hamper TrxR activity leading to apoptotic cell death.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Cisplatin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; MCF-7 Cells; Molecular Mimicry; Molecular Structure; Quercetin; Selenium; Structure-Activity Relationship

7-(4-Bromobutoxy)-5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one, obtained from chrysin with 1,4-dibromobutane, was combined with a wide range of 6-substituted 2-aminobenzthiazoles, which had been prepared from the corresponding anilines with potassium thiocyanate. Free radical scavenging efficacies of newer analogues were measured using DPPH and ABTS assays, in addition to the assessment of their anticancer activity against cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and CaSki) and ovarian cancer cell line (SK-OV-3) implementing the SRB assay. Cytotoxicity of titled compounds was checked using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) non-cancer cell line. Overall, 6a-r indicated remarkable antioxidant power as DPPH and ABTS(+) scavengers; particularly the presence of halogen(s) (6g, 6h, 6j-6l) was favourable with IC50 values comparable to the control ascorbic acid. Unsubstituted benzothiazole ring favored the activity of resultant compounds (6a and 6r) against HeLa cell line, whereas presence of chlorine (6g) or a di-fluoro group (6k) was a key to exert strong action against CaSki. Moreover, a mono-fluoro (6j) and a ketonic functionality (6o) were beneficial to display anticipated anticancer effects against ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. The structural assignments of the new products were done on the basis of IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dogs; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Flavonoids; HeLa Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Molecular Structure

To evaluate the putative protective role of chrysin, an isoflavone, on D-galactose-induced aging in an experimental rat model.. Rats were divided into five groups of five each. Group I received 0.9% saline only. Groups II, III and IV received d-galactose (50 mg/kg bodyweight) intraperitoneally, additionally group III and group IV received chrysin (20 mg/kg bodyweight) and α-tocopherol acetate (200 mg/kg bodyweight), respectively. Group V received chrysin alone. The experiment period was for a period of 8 weeks. After the rats were killed, the tissue samples were analyzed for mean activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl. Histopathological studies were also carried out for morphological conformation.. Tissue samples from D-galactose-exposed untreated rats showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants, and significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl when compared with group I and group III rats. Oral administration of chrysin for a period of 8 weeks, concomitant with the exposure to D-galactose, appeared to protect against oxidative damage and maintained all parameters at near normal levels. Histopathological studies confirmed the oxidative damage caused by D-galactose alone in tissues and also showed the tissue protective role of chrysin in rats receiving D-galactose and chrysin.. These results suggest that chrysin protects against oxidative stress-induced tissue damage in D-galactose-induced aging in an experimental rat model.

Topics: Aging; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Catalase; Disease Models, Animal; Flavonoids; Galactose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Reductase; Glutathione Transferase; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Protein Carbonylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase

Chrysin, a natural flavonoid has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antioxidation properties. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the putative protective effect of chrysin, an isoflavone, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Intraperitoneal administration of CCl(4) (2 ml/kg) to rats for 4 days resulted in significantly elevated (p < 0.05) serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), when compared to normal rats. In addition, the tissues (liver, kidney and brain) and haemolysate samples showed considerable increase in levels (p < 0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lowered levels (p < 0.05) of reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E when compared to values in normal rats. Quantitative analysis of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) exhibited lower activities of these antioxidant enzymes in the tissues and haemolysate of CCl(4)-administered rats. The protective action of chrysin on CCl(4)-induced rat was demonstrated with SGPT, SGOT, ALP and LDH resuming to near normal levels, while the mean levels of GSH and of vitamin C and E were elevated, the mean activities of CAT, SOD and Gpx were enhanced and the mean level of MDA was lowered in the tissue and haemolysate samples when compared to the CCl(4)-exposed untreated rats. The expression of the iNOS gene appeared to be up-regulated in the liver and kidney samples of CCl(4)-exposed untreated rats, whereas in CCl(4)-exposed chrysin-treated rats, the mRNA transcript levels of iNOS approximated normal levels. These results strongly suggest that chrysin is able to prevent the oxidative damage induced by CCl(4) in the liver, brain, kidney and haemolysate of male Wistar rats.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disease Models, Animal; Flavonoids; Kidney; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Malondialdehyde; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation; Vitamin E

Two new dihydropyranocoumarins, scuteflorins A (1) and B (2), together with the known compounds decursin (3), chrysin (4), oroxylin A (5), wogonin (6), 5,7-dihydroxy-8,2'-dimethoxyflavone, dihydrochrysin, dihydrooroxylin A, lupenol, scutellaric acid, pomolic acid, ursolic acid, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, and palmitic acid, were isolated from the aerial parts of Scutellaria lateriflora, commonly used as a dietary supplement. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRMS data. The absolute configuration of coumarins 1 and 2 was determined by comparison of experimental and theoretical calculated CD spectra. The cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects of the methanol extract of this plant and some of the constituent flavonoids were evaluated in vitro.

Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Flavanones; Flavonoids; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Pyranocoumarins; Vero Cells

To evaluate the effect of chrysin, a natural, biologically active compound extracted from many plants, honey and propolis, on the tissue and circulatory antioxidant status, and lipid peroxidation in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.. Rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 received isocaloric glucose. Groups 3 and 4 received 20% ethanol, equivalent to 5 g/kg bodyweight every day. Groups 2 and 4 received chrysin (20 mg/kg bodyweight) dissolved in 0.5% dimethylsulfoxide.. The results showed significantly elevated levels of tissue and circulatory thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides, and significantly lowered enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E in ethanol-treated rats compared with the control. Chrysin administration to rats with ethanol-induced liver injury significantly decreased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes, and significantly elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and the levels of reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E in the tissues and circulation compared with those of the unsupplemented ethanol-treated rats. The histological changes observed in the liver and kidney correlated with the biochemical findings.. Chrysin offers protection against free radical-mediated oxidative stress in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Catalase; Ethanol; Female; Flavonoids; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Transferase; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin E

A number of natural phenolic compounds display antioxidant and cell protective effects in cell culture models, yet in some studies show prooxidant and cytotoxic effects. Pancreatic beta-cells have been reported to exhibit particular sensitivity to oxidative stress, a factor that may contribute to the impaired beta-cell function characteristic of diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of natural phenolics to protect cultured pancreatic beta-cells (betaTC1 and HIT) from H(2)O(2) oxidative stress. Exposure of cells to H(2)O(2) led to significant proliferation inhibition. Contrary to what one should expect, simultaneous exposure to H(2)O(2) and the phenolics, quercetin (10-100 microM), catechin (50-500 microM), or ascorbic acid (100-1000 microM), led to amplification of proliferation inhibition. At higher concentrations, these compounds inhibited proliferation, even in the absence of added H(2)O(2). This prooxidant effect is attributable to the generation of H(2)O(2) through interaction of the added phenolic compounds with as yet undefined componenets of the culture media. On the other hand, inclusion of metmyoglobin (30 microM) in the culture medium significantly reduced the prooxidant impact of the phenolics. Under these conditions, quercetin and catechin significantly protected the cells against oxidative stress when these components were present during the stress period. Furthermore, significant cell protection was observed upon preincubation of cells with chrysin, quercetin, catechin, or caffeic acid (50 microM, each) prior to application of oxidative stress. It is concluded that provided artifactual prooxidant effects are avoided, preincubation of beta-cells with relatively hydrophobic natural phenolics can confer protection against oxidative stress.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Caffeic Acids; Catechin; Cell Division; Cell Line; Flavonoids; Hydrogen Peroxide; Islets of Langerhans; Lipid Peroxidation; Metmyoglobin; Mice; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Quercetin