ascorbic-acid and capsanthin

Antioxidant constituents such as carotenoids (capsanthin, phytoene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin), polyphenols content (p-coumaric, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside) and marketable yield were investigated in 11 sweet pepper cultivars grown under controlled temperature plastic tunnel and white shade net. Marketable yield was not affected by either of the environments, while the interaction between cultivar and growing environment significantly affected the accumulation of antioxidant constituents. The principal component analysis illustrated that controlled temperature plastic tunnel improved the accumulation of carotenoid components and ascorbic acid and vitamin C content in most cultivars. On the contrary, white shade nets favoured the accumulation of phenolic compounds and ORAC activity in most cultivars. A strong correlation was noted between phytoene and carotenoid components in this study (capsanthin r = 0.60; P < 0.001; lutein r = 0.75; P < 0.001; β-carotene r = 0.78; P < 0.001) while ORAC correlated with phenolic compounds. Based on this study, it is possible to refine the choice of environment and cultivar to enhance individual antioxidant constituent groups to improve health benefits for consumers.

Topics: Agriculture; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Capsicum; Carotenoids; Coumaric Acids; Phenols; Polyphenols; Principal Component Analysis; Quercetin; Temperature; Xanthophylls

The molecular basis of interaction of selected carotenoids and xanthophylls with ascorbic acid on cancer cells was studied to determine their anticancer effects.. Drug accumulation was measured in a human ABCB1 gene-transfected mouse lymphoma cell line and in a human lung cancer cell line by flow cytometry; furthermore, their anticancer effects were determined in mice in vivo.. Several carotenoids inhibited the multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Ascorbic acid improved the effect of certain xanthophylls, but the effect of capsanthin was not modified. Capsanthin had weak (12%) but capsorubin (85%) had a remarkable antiproliferative effect on A549 lung cancer cells. Capsorubin reduced immediate-early tumor antigen expression, while capsanthin was not effective. Capsorubin accumulates selectively in the nuclei of cancer cells.. The Authors suggest a special complex formation between membrane-bound capsorubin and ascorbic acid, which can be exploited in experimental chemotherapy.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Synergism; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Transfection; Xanthophylls; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

The phytochemical composition of carotenoids, tocopherols, free sugars, organic acids, L-ascorbic acid, capsaicinoids, and flavonoids in green and red paprika (GP and RP), and paprika leaves (PL) cultivated in Korea were analyzed. The ethanolic extracts of GP, RP, and PL were obtained with 80% ethanol, and their antioxidative activities were determined by measuring their ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. RP showed the highest contents of capsanthin (58.33 ± 3.91 mg/100 g dry weight) and L-ascorbic acid (1987.25 ± 19.64 mg/100 g dry weight), and main compounds of PL were lutein, chlorophyll, and γ-tocopherol (96.91 ± 14.58, 2136.71 ± 21.11, and 723.49 ± 54.10 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively). RP showed the strongest antioxidant activity (IC(50) = 55.23 ± 6.77 μg/mL in a 2, 2'-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate] assay and 150.40 ± 8.07 μg/mL in a 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay), and the antioxidant activity of PL was higher than β-carotene but lower than RP. The results indicate that the amounts of capsanthin and L-ascorbic acid in RP correlate well with antioxidant activity. PL, which has various phytochemicals such as lutein, chlorophyll, and γ-tocopherol, might be used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals for improving human health.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Capsicum; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll; Flavonoids; Fruit; gamma-Tocopherol; Lutein; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Republic of Korea; Sulfonic Acids; Xanthophylls

The effect of ascorbic acid, light, and storage on the stability of the pigments beta-carotene and capsanthin in red pepper (Capsicum annuum) powder has been elucidated by determining the amount of pigment in samples treated by various concentrations of ascorbic acid. Determination of pigment concentration has been performed after different storage times using high-performance liquid chromatography. The dependence of the concentration of pigments on the concentration of ascorbic acid, presence of light and the storage time has been assessed by stepwise regression analysis. The concentration of pigments decreased at longer storage time and increased at higher concentration of ascorbic acid, beta-carotene being more sensitive towards storage time and concentration of ascorbic acid than capsanthin. Interaction between the effects of light and storage time, and light and concentration of ascorbic acid has been established.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Capsicum; Carotenoids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food Handling; Light; Time Factors; Xanthophylls