arphamenine-a and amastatin

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibody Formation; Diaminopimelic Acid; Glycine; Guanidines; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Lactones; Leucine; Leukemia L1210; Mice; Molecular Weight; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Biological Products; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glycine; Guanidines; Infections; Lactones; Leucine; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oligopeptides; Peptides

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an asaccharolytic bacterium that requires nitrogen substrates as carbon and energy sources. The aims of this study were to investigate the aminopeptidase activities of P. gingivalis and to evaluate the effect of aminopeptidase inhibitors on bacterial growth. Only arginine aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activities were detected. Experimental evidence was obtained suggesting that the Arg-gingipains of P. gingivalis can function as both an endopeptidase and an aminopeptidase. Firstly, the arginine aminopeptidase activity was found to be inhibited by leupeptin, a well-known inhibitor of Arg-gingipain activity. Secondly, a preparation of Arg-gingipain activity could hydrolyze the chromogenic substrate for arginine aminopeptidase. Lastly, a mutant of P. gingivalis constructed via gene disruption by use of suicide plasmids and deficient in both Arg-gingipain A and B was also devoid of arginine aminopeptidase activity. To investigate the key role of aminopeptidase activities in growth of P. gingivalis, aminopeptidase inhibitors were incorporated in the culture medium prior to inoculation. Bestatin and actinonin were the only ones to inhibit growth of P. gingivalis. Their mechanism of growth inhibition appears to be different but does not involve inhibition of the two major aminopeptidase activities (arginine aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV).

Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Aminopeptidases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cathepsins; Chromogenic Compounds; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Gingipain Cysteine Endopeptidases; Guanidines; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Leucine; Leupeptins; Mutation; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Protease Inhibitors; Radiopharmaceuticals

The enzymatic changes in murine spleen caused by the administration for 20 successive days of various inhibitors of aminopeptidase N (leucocyte antigen CD13) have been compared. When compared with the control (saline), most of the inhibitors significantly suppressed splenic enzyme activities including those of ectoenzymes. A multivariate study indicated that the in vivo effects of the inhibitors were closely related to their inhibitory actions in vitro.

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; CD13 Antigens; Endopeptidases; Glycoside Hydrolases; Guanidines; Hydroxamic Acids; Imidazoles; Leucine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Protease Inhibitors; Spleen

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycine; Guanidines; Humans; Leucine; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Protease Inhibitors