arginine and carbamates

arginine has been researched along with carbamates in 88 studies

Research

Studies (88)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199073 (82.95)18.7374
1990's2 (2.27)18.2507
2000's8 (9.09)29.6817
2010's5 (5.68)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Borisov, VG; Kukes, VG; Mashkovskiĭ, MD; Paskhina, TS; Shvarts, GIa1
Kurata, H; Uchino, H; Yoshikawa, K1
Gelehrter, TD; Rosenberg, LE1
Bast, A; Brozius, MM; Jansen, W; Leurs, R; Timmerman, H1
Hervé, G; Penverne, B; Robin, JP1
Alonso, E; Rubio, V1
Davis, RH; Ristow, JL1
Walker, JB1
Nuzum, CT; Richardson, UI; Snodgrass, PJ; Tashjian, AH1
Grenson, M; Lacroute, F; Piérard, A; Wiame, JM1
Choh Hao, Li; Ramachandran, J1
Grisolia, S; Ramponi, G1
Campbell, JW; Tramell, PR1
Shigesada, K; Tatibana, M1
Ratner, S1
Davis, RH; Weiss, RL1
Hanumantharao, TI; Sadasivudu, B1
Chalupa, W; Clark, J; Lavker, R; Opliger, P1
Forster, RP; Funkhouser, D; Goldstein, L1
Renfree, MB1
Fujimoto, K; Tatsuta, K; Tsuchiya, T; Umezawa, H; Umezawa, S1
Cohen, PP; Kim, S; Paik, WK1
Radford, A2
Peterkofsky, A; Powers, DM1
Cybis, J; Piotrowska, M; Weglenski, P1
Messenguy, F; Piérard, A; Stalon, V; Wiame, JM1
Frimpter, GW1
Escarmis, C; Grisolia, S; Rudzińska, M; Wallace, R1
Balinsky, JB; Dicker, SE; Elliott, AB1
Balinsky, JB; Coetzer, TL; Mattheyse, FJ1
Andre, M; Gauthier, J; Levin, B; Longin, B; Richard, P; Salle, B1
Kurelec, B1
Wilson, RP1
De la Llosa, P; Durosay, M; Jutisz, M; Tertrin-Clary, C1
Crane, CW; Jenner, FA; Pollitt, RJ1
Abd-el-Al, A1
Abd-el-Al, A; Ingraham, JL1
Jones, ME1
Levin, B1
De Issaly, IM; Issaly, AS; Reissig, JL1
Hirsch, ML1
Issaly, AS; Issaly, IM; Reissig, JL1
Davis, RH3
Messenguy, F; Penninckx, M; Wiame, JM1
Read, LJ1
Forster, RP; Goldstein, L1
Chu, P; Miller, AL1
Piérard, A; Wiame, JM1
Glansdorff, N; Mergeay, M; Piérard, A; Wiame, JM1
Jones, ME; Prescott, LM1
Crokaert, R; Wisenfeld, M1
Dietz, RW; Flipse, RJ1
Gordon, WG; Hipp, NJ; Pepper, L1
Kaplan, JG; Lue, PF1
Domm, AJ; Janssens, PA1
Bernhardt, SA; Davis, RH; Williams, LG1
Frahn, JL; Mills, JA1
Mäkinen, KK1
Baker, BR; Erickson, EH1
Bayer, SM; McMurray, WC1
Herrmann, RL; White, CW1
Forster, RP; Goldstein, L; Janssens, PA1
Coffey, JJ1
Marshall, M; Pillai, RP; Villafranca, JJ1
Haas, D; Mercenier, A; Simon, JP; Stalon, V; Vander Wauven, C1
Bloom, BR; Ishizaka, T; Quan, PC1
Cheung, CW; Raijman, L1
Cohen, PP; Marshall, M1
Bochkov, VN; Kuz'menko, ES; Rezink, T; Tkachuk, VA1
Cagiano, R; Cassano, T; Cuomo, V; Kendrick, KM; Pietra, C; Steardo, L; Tattoli, M; Trabace, L1
Ahmed, N; Thornalley, PJ1
Howell, S; Huang, X; Kim, J; Raushel, FM1
AMSTEY, M; BROWN, O; MCCARTY, KS; WOODSON, B1
Andrews, AW; Baugh, CL; Surgalla, MJ1
GORINI, L; YASHPHE, J1
Azuma, M; Houchi, H; Ikehara, T; Ishizawa, K; Kusumi, T; Minakuchi, K; Nishisako, H; Teraoka, K; Tsuchiya, K1
Kim, J; Raushel, FM1
Goun, EA; Jones, LR; Pillow, TH; Rothbard, JB; Wender, PA1
Bonnet, V; Boucher, JL; Dhimane, H; Kizirian, JC; Le Corre, L; Levraud, C1
Crego, AL; García-Ruiz, C; Marina, ML; Martínez-Girón, AB1
Fan, Y; Gao, YQ; Lund, L; Raushel, FM; Shao, Q1
Fernandes, M; Ganguli, M; Kumar, VA; Naik, RJ; Patil, KM1
Coffey, RT; Hedstrom, L; Long, MJ; Marr, MT; Shi, Y1
Fernandes, M; Ganguli, M; Gupta, N; Kumar, VA; Natarajan, P; Pandey, T; Patil, KM; Santhiya, D; Vij, M; Yadav, AK1
Coffey, RT; Hedstrom, L; Kobjack, A; Lessans, P; Li, S; Long, MJ; Rosenberg, MM; Shi, Y1

Reviews

8 review(s) available for arginine and carbamates

ArticleYear
Structure-activity relationships of the adrenocorticotropins and melanotropins: the synthetic approach.
    Advances in enzymology and related areas of molecular biology, 1967, Volume: 29

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Anura; Arginine; Benzene Derivatives; Carbamates; Formates; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Peptides; Phthalic Acids; Rats; Skin; Sulfonic Acids; Toluene

1967
Two carbamyl phosphate synthetases of mammals: specific roles in control of pyrimidine and urea biosynthesis.
    Advances in enzyme regulation, 1972, Volume: 10

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Dietary Proteins; Glutamates; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Magnesium; Mice; Models, Chemical; Neurospora; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Rats; Spleen; Transferases; Uracil Nucleotides; Urea

1972
Enzymes of arginine and urea synthesis.
    Advances in enzymology and related areas of molecular biology, 1973, Volume: 39

    Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Dietary Proteins; Humans; Kinetics; Liver; Lyases; Organ Specificity; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Species Specificity; Succinates; Urea

1973
Control of transcarbamoylation in micro-organisms.
    Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 1973, Volume: 27

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Arginine; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Glutamine; Inosine Nucleotides; Kinetics; Ligases; Magnesium; Molecular Weight; Organophosphorus Compounds; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Pseudomonas; Pyrimidinones; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Uracil Nucleotides

1973
Aminoacidurias due to inherited disorders of metabolism. 2.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1973, Oct-25, Volume: 289, Issue:17

    Topics: Acidosis; Alanine; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Citrulline; Dipeptides; Glutarates; Glycine; Histidine; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Hyperglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Keto Acids; Lysine; Malonates; Maple Syrup Urine Disease; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Proline; Sarcosine; Succinates; Urea; Valine

1973
Regulation of pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis in mammals.
    Advances in enzyme regulation, 1970, Volume: 9

    Topics: Amidohydrolases; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Bacillus; Basidiomycota; Carbamates; Carboxy-Lyases; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Repression; Escherichia coli; Feedback; Humans; Ligases; Lyases; Mice; Neurospora; Nucleotides; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Orotic Acid; Oxidoreductases; Pentosyltransferases; Phosphotransferases; Pseudomonas; Pyrimidines; Saccharomyces; Transferases; Uracil; Urea

1970
Hereditary metabolic disorders of the urea cycle.
    Advances in clinical chemistry, 1971, Volume: 14

    Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Arginase; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Citrulline; Humans; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; Models, Chemical; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Succinates; Urea

1971
Molecular transporters: synthesis of oligoguanidinium transporters and their application to drug delivery and real-time imaging.
    Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:10

    Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Biological Transport; Carbamates; Carrier Proteins; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Firefly Luciferin; Gene Products, tat; Guanidine; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Luminescent Agents; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Peptide Fragments; Polymers; Structure-Activity Relationship

2006

Other Studies

80 other study(ies) available for arginine and carbamates

ArticleYear
[Mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of the new Soviet-made drug parmidin in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and ischemic heart disease].
    Kardiologiia, 1978, Volume: 18, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Aprotinin; Arginine; Arteriosclerosis; Benzamides; Blood Coagulation; Carbamates; Coronary Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation; Enzyme Precursors; Esterases; Female; Humans; Kininogens; Lysine Carboxypeptidase; Male; Middle Aged; Pyridinolcarbamate; USSR

1978
Differential mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosocarbamate insectides in Escherichia coli strains having different DNA repair capacities.
    Mutation research, 1978, Volume: 54, Issue:3

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; DNA Repair; Escherichia coli; Insecticides; Mutagens; Phenotype

1978
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Unsuccessful therapy of neonatal hyperammonemia with N-carbamyl-L-glutamate and L-arginine.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1975, Feb-13, Volume: 292, Issue:7

    Topics: Ammonia; Arginine; Carbamates; Catheterization; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glutamates; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease; Time Factors; Umbilical Arteries

1975
Histamine H1-receptor-mediated cyclic GMP production in guinea-pig lung tissue is an L-arginine-dependent process.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1991, Jul-05, Volume: 42, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Carbamates; Cyclic GMP; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Histamine Antagonists; Lung; Male; Nitric Oxide; Phenylcarbamates; Receptors, Histamine H1; Signal Transduction

1991
Carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis and partition in pyrimidine and arginine pathways of Escherichia coli. In situ properties of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, ornithine transcarbamylase and aspartate transcarbamylase in permeabilized cells.
    European journal of biochemistry, 1989, Aug-15, Volume: 183, Issue:3

    Topics: Arginine; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Carbamates; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing); Carbamyl Phosphate; Cell Membrane Permeability; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Models, Theoretical; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Pyrimidines; Ribonucleotides

1989
Orotic aciduria due to arginine deprivation: changes in the levels of carbamoyl phosphate and of other urea cycle intermediates in mouse liver.
    The Journal of nutrition, 1989, Volume: 119, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Body Weight; Carbamates; Carbamyl Phosphate; Citrulline; Diet; Glutamates; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Ornithine; Orotic Acid

1989
Arginine-specific carbamoyl phosphate metabolism in mitochondria of Neurospora crassa. Channeling and control by arginine.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1987, May-25, Volume: 262, Issue:15

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing); Carbamyl Phosphate; Citrulline; Feedback; Mitochondria; Mutation; Neurospora; Neurospora crassa; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase

1987
Biosynthesis of the monoguanidinated inositol moiety of bluensomycin, a possible evolutionary precursor of streptomycin.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1974, Apr-25, Volume: 249, Issue:8

    Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Amidinotransferases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arginine; Biological Evolution; Carbamates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Genes; Glutamine; Guanidines; Hexosamines; Inositol; Ketoses; Stereoisomerism; Streptomyces; Streptomycin; Transaminases

1974
Establishment of a clonal strain of hepatoma cells which maintain in culture the five enzymes of the urea cycle.
    Journal of cellular physiology, 1974, Volume: 83, Issue:1

    Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Bucladesine; Carbamates; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chromosomes; Clone Cells; Epithelium; Glucagon; Hydrocortisone; Ligases; Liver Neoplasms; Lyases; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Neoplasms, Experimental; Organophosphorus Compounds; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Rats; Succinates; Time Factors; Tyrosine Transaminase; Urea

1974
[The biosynthesis of carbamylphosphate in Saccharomyces cervisiae].
    Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie, 1964, Volume: 72, Issue:4

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Mutation; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Saccharomyces; Uracil; Uracil Nucleotides

1964
Acylation of lysine and of arginine-rich histones with carbamyl phosphate and 1,3 diphosphoglycerate.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1970, Mar-27, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Arginine; Brain; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Colorimetry; Glycerophosphates; Histones; Lysine; Phosphoric Acids; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Phosphotransferases; Spectrum Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays

1970
Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in a land snail, Strophocheilus oblongus.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1970, Dec-25, Volume: 245, Issue:24

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Citrulline; Cytoplasm; Electron Transport Complex IV; Glutamates; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Nucleotides; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphoric Acids; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Snails; Transferases

1970
Intracellular localization of enzymes of arginine metabolism in Neurospora.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1973, Aug-10, Volume: 248, Issue:15

    Topics: Acetyltransferases; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carboxy-Lyases; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Ligases; Membranes; Mitochondria; Neurospora; Neurospora crassa; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Solubility; Subcellular Fractions; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Succinates; Transaminases; Ultrasonics

1973
Studies on the distribution of urea cycle enzymes in different regions of rat brain.
    Journal of neurochemistry, 1974, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Brain; Brain Stem; Carbamates; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Ligases; Lyases; Organ Specificity; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Succinates; Urea

1974
Detoxication of ammonia in sheep fed soy protein or urea.
    The Journal of nutrition, 1970, Volume: 100, Issue:2

    Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Biotransformation; Carbamates; Depression, Chemical; Dietary Proteins; Feces; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycine max; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; NAD; NADP; Nitrogen; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Plant Proteins; Sheep; Statistics as Topic; Succinates; Urea

1970
Urea biosynthesis in the South American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa: relation to its ecology.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology, 1972, Feb-01, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Ecology; Estivation; Fishes; Ligases; Liver; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Species Specificity; Succinates; Urea

1972
Yolk sac fluid and yolk sac membrane enzymes in the marsupial, Macropus eugenii.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1974, Oct-15, Volume: 49, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Citric Acid Cycle; Citrulline; Egg Yolk; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fumarates; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutamates; Glycolysis; Ketoglutaric Acids; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malate Dehydrogenase; Malates; Marsupialia; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Ovum; Pyruvates; Succinates

1974
KF77-AG6, an antipain-related metabolite.
    The Journal of antibiotics, 1974, Volume: 27, Issue:9

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Culture Media; Fermentation; Phenylpropionates; Streptomyces

1974
Ammonia intoxication in rats: protection by N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate plus L-arginine.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1972, Volume: 69, Issue:12

    Topics: Acetates; Aminohydrolases; Ammonia; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Drug Synergism; Glutamates; Kidney; Ligases; Lyases; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Urea

1972
Restoration of a single enzyme function in bifunctionally defective non-polar pyrimidine-3 mutants of Neurospora.
    Mutation research, 1972, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Acridines; Alleles; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Bacteriological Techniques; Carbamates; Genetic Code; Genetic Complementation Test; Hydroxylamines; Models, Biological; Mutagens; Mutation; Neurospora; Nitrites; Nitrosoguanidines; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Transferases

1972
The presence of N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)threonine in transfer ribonucleic acid species whose codons begin with adenine.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1972, Oct-25, Volume: 247, Issue:20

    Topics: Adenine; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Arginine; Asparagine; Benzoates; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Electrophoresis, Paper; Escherichia coli; Genetic Code; Glycolates; Isoleucine; Leucine; Lysine; Methionine; Purine Nucleotides; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Transfer; Serine; Succinimides; Threonine; Tritium

1972
Genetic control of the arginine pathways in Aspergillus nidulans. Common regulation of anabolism and catabolism.
    Molecular & general genetics : MGG, 1972, Volume: 118, Issue:3

    Topics: Arginase; Arginine; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Aspartic Acid; Aspergillus; Aspergillus nidulans; Carbamates; Enzyme Repression; Genes, Regulator; Keto Acids; Mutation; Ornithine; Phosphates; Proline; Transaminases

1972
Carbamoylation of tRNA from yeast and rat liver.
    Physiological chemistry and physics, 1972, Volume: 4, Issue:6

    Topics: Acylation; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Carbamates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Glutamates; Glycine; Hydrolysis; Liver; Male; Rats; RNA, Transfer; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Serine

1972
The effect of long-term adaptation to different levels of salinity on urea synthesis and tissue amino acid concentrations in Rana cancrivora.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1972, Sep-15, Volume: 43, Issue:1

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Anura; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Citrulline; Glycine; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; Muscles; Organophosphorus Compounds; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphotransferases; Ranidae; Sodium Chloride; Succinates; Urea

1972
The effect of thyroxine and hypertonic environment on the enzymes of the urea cycle in Xenopus laevis.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1972, Sep-15, Volume: 43, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Cattle; Hypertonic Solutions; Larva; Leucine; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; Metamorphosis, Biological; Organ Culture Techniques; Organophosphorus Compounds; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Precipitin Tests; Sodium Chloride; Succinates; Thyroxine; Tritium; Xenopus

1972
[Congenital hyperammoniemia caused by ornithine carbamoyl-transferase and carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency].
    Archives francaises de pediatrie, 1972, Volume: 29, Issue:5

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Arginine; Biopsy; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Carbamates; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestines; Liver; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Pedigree; Phosphotransferases; Proteins; Urea

1972
Lack of carbamyl phosphate synthesis in some parasitic platyhelminths.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1972, Dec-15, Volume: 43, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Cattle; Fasciola hepatica; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Oligochaeta; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Platyhelminths; Pyridines; Subcellular Fractions

1972
Nitrogen metabolism in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. II. Evidence for an apparent incomplete ornithine-urea cycle.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1973, Nov-15, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Fishes; Kidney; Kinetics; Ligases; Lyases; Multienzyme Complexes; Nitrogen; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Urea

1973
Chemical modification of lysine residues in ovine luteinizing hormone. Effect on biological activity.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1974, Mar-14, Volume: 342, Issue:1

    Topics: Alkylation; Animals; Arginine; Ascorbic Acid; Binding Sites; Biological Assay; Borohydrides; Carbamates; Chromatography, Gel; Citrulline; Cyanogen Bromide; Female; Formaldehyde; Guanidines; Luteinizing Hormone; Lysine; Methylation; Ovary; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Sheep; Structure-Activity Relationship

1974
The relationship between the formation of urea and argininosuccinate in a patient with argininosuccinic aciduria studied with labelled precursors.
    Clinical science and molecular medicine, 1974, Volume: 46, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Arginine; Carbamates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Citrulline; Cystinuria; Guanidines; Humans; Lyases; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Isotopes; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Serum Globulins; Succinates; Urea

1974
Arginine-auxotrophic phenotype resulting from a mutation in the pryA gene of Escherichia coli B-r.
    Journal of bacteriology, 1969, Volume: 97, Issue:1

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Escherichia coli; Genetics, Microbial; Ligases; Mutation; Ornithine; Phenotype; Phosphates; Pyridines; Uracil Nucleotides

1969
Control of carbamyl phosphate synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1969, Aug-10, Volume: 244, Issue:15

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Arginine; Carbamates; Cell-Free System; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Depression, Chemical; Enzyme Repression; Kinetics; Methods; Mutation; Ornithine; Phenotype; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Salmonella typhimurium; Stimulation, Chemical; Temperature; Uracil Nucleotides

1969
Arginine-pyrimidine pathways in microorganisms.
    National Cancer Institute monograph, 1967, Volume: 27

    Topics: Arginine; Bacillus subtilis; Carbamates; Enzyme Repression; Feedback; Neurospora; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Uracil; Uracil Nucleotides

1967
[Separation of the enzymes playing a role in the division of biosynthesis pathways of uracil and arginine in Coprinus radiatus].
    Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D: Sciences naturelles, 1968, Oct-28, Volume: 267, Issue:18

    Topics: Amidohydrolases; Arginine; Basidiomycota; Carbamates; Catalase; Chromatography, Gel; Cytochromes; Ligases; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Transferases; Uracil

1968
Carbamyl phosphate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1970, Mar-18, Volume: 198, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Arginine; Bacillus subtilis; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Cell-Free System; Chemical Precipitation; Drug Stability; Enzyme Induction; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutation; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sulfates; Uracil

1970
Metabolite distribution in cells.
    Science (New York, N.Y.), 1972, Nov-24, Volume: 178, Issue:4063

    Topics: Arginine; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Citrulline; Genes; Histocytochemistry; Kinetics; Mutation; Neurospora; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Succinates; Uracil Nucleotides

1972
Interaction between arginase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The regulatory site for ornithine.
    European journal of biochemistry, 1971, Sep-24, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Acylation; Aminobutyrates; Arginase; Arginine; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Genetics, Microbial; Hot Temperature; Imidazoles; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Mutation; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Polyamines; Saccharomyces

1971
The presence of high ornithine-urea cycle enzyme activity in the teleost Opsanus tau.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1971, Jun-15, Volume: 39, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Bicarbonates; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Carbamates; Enzyme Activation; Fishes; Glutamates; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; Magnesium; Manganese; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphoric Acids; Phosphotransferases; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Succinates; Sulfuric Acids; Urea

1971
Urea biosynthesis and excretion in freshwater and marine elasmobranchs.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry, 1971, Jun-15, Volume: 39, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Fishes; Glutamates; Ligases; Liver; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphoric Acids; Phosphotransferases; Species Specificity; Thiourea; Urea

1971
The development of urea cycle enzyme activity in the liver of foetal and neonatal rats.
    Enzymologia biologica et clinica, 1970, Volume: 11, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arginase; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Citrulline; Female; Fetus; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphotransferases; Pregnancy; Rats; Succinates; Urea

1970
Regulation and mutation affecting a glutamine dependent formation of carbamyl phosphate in Escherichia coli.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1964, Feb-18, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Escherichia coli; Glutamine; In Vitro Techniques; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Phosphates; Uracil

1964
Control of the biosynthesis of carbamoyl phosphate in Escherichia coli.
    Journal of molecular biology, 1965, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Enzyme Repression; Escherichia coli; Feedback; In Vitro Techniques; Ligases; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Phosphates; Uracil; Uracil Nucleotides

1965
Modified methods for the determination of carbamyl aspartate.
    Analytical biochemistry, 1969, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Alanine; Antipyrine; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Citrulline; Colorimetry; Darkness; Indicators and Reagents; Methods; Oximes; Spectrophotometry; Sulfuric Acids; Time Factors; Uracil; Urea

1969
[Action of uracil aza-derivatives in Saccharomyces cervisiae. IV. Identification in acid soluble extracts of compounds reacting positively with diacetylmonoxime].
    Bulletin de la Societe de chimie biologique, 1969, Volume: 51, Issue:5

    Topics: Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Autoradiography; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Citrulline; Oximes; Pyrimidines; Saccharomyces; Triazines; Uracil; Urea

1969
Metabolism of bovine semen. XX. Role of ammonia in interactions between the citric acid and urea cycles.
    Biology of reproduction, 1969, Volume: 1, Issue:2

    Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Cattle; Cell Fractionation; Citric Acid Cycle; Citrulline; Male; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Oxygen Consumption; Phosphotransferases; Proline; Pyruvates; Rabbits; Semen; Spermatozoa; Urea; Valerates

1969
Effects of modification of episilon-amino groups on the interaction of kappa- and alpha-S1-caseins.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1970, May-26, Volume: 207, Issue:2

    Topics: Arginine; Calcium; Carbamates; Caseins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Citrulline; Formaldehyde; Lysine; Ultracentrifugation

1970
Metabolic compartmentation at the molecular level: the function of a multienzyme aggregate in the pyrimidine pathway of yeast.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1970, Dec-16, Volume: 220, Issue:3

    Topics: Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange

1970
Pyrimidine-requiring suppressor mutations of arginine-3 in Neurospora and their bearing on the structure of the pyrimidine-3 locus.
    Molecular & general genetics : MGG, 1970, Volume: 107, Issue:2

    Topics: Acridines; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Genetic Complementation Test; Genetics, Microbial; Mutation; Neurospora; Phosphotransferases; Pyrimidines; Recombination, Genetic; Suppression, Genetic; Transferases

1970
Nitrogen metabolism during development in the corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree Moore.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology, 1971, Jan-01, Volume: 38, Issue:1

    Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes

1971
Evidence for two discrete carbamyl phosphate pools in Neurospora.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1971, Feb-25, Volume: 246, Issue:4

    Topics: Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes

1971
Separation of basic amino acids by paper electrophoresis.
    Analytical biochemistry, 1968, Volume: 23, Issue:3

    Topics: Amino Acids; Arginine; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbonates; Citrulline; Electrophoresis; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Lysine; Methods; Paper; Quinolines; Temperature

1968
Effect of certain chemical compounds on rat liver aminopeptidase B acting on L-arginyl-2-naphthylamide with evidence of the occurrence of a similar enzyme in the liver of human fetuses.
    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1968, Sep-10, Volume: 126, Issue:3

    Topics: Amides; Aminopeptidases; Animals; Arginine; Carbamates; Cysteine; Ethylmaleimide; Fetus; Humans; Ketones; Kinetics; Liver; Naphthalenes; Rats; Succinates

1968
Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. CXLIV. Proteolytic enzymes. VII. Additonal active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of trypsin derived from m- and p-(phenoxyalkoxy)benzamidines with a terminal sulfonyl fluoride.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1969, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Amidines; Anilides; Arginine; Benzene Derivatives; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Ethers; Fluorides; Sulfonic Acids; Thrombin; Trypsin Inhibitors

1969
Inhibition of urea cycle enzymes by aspartic acid analogues.
    Canadian journal of biochemistry, 1969, Volume: 47, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Citrulline; In Vitro Techniques; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; Magnesium; Male; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Oxaloacetates; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Rats; Succinates; Urea

1969
Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in Neurospora crassa. I. Preliminary characterization of arginine-specific carbamyl phosphokinase.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1965, Aug-24, Volume: 107, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Ammonia; Arginine; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Magnesium; Neurospora; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases

1965
Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in Neurospora crassa. II. Genetics, metabolic position, and regulation of arginine-specific carbamyl phosphokinase.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1965, Aug-24, Volume: 107, Issue:1

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Citrulline; In Vitro Techniques; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Neurospora; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Succinates; Transferases

1965
Beta-alanine inhibition in Neurospora and its reversal by carbamyl compounds.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1966, Aug-24, Volume: 124, Issue:2

    Topics: Alanine; Aminobutyrates; Arginine; Asparagine; Carbamates; Citrulline; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Neurospora; Nucleosides; Uracil

1966
Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri: activities of ornithine-urea cycle and enzymes.
    Science (New York, N.Y.), 1967, Jul-21, Volume: 157, Issue:3786

    Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Fishes; In Vitro Techniques; Ligases; Liver; Lyases; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Urea

1967
Inducible synthesis of bacterial luciferase: specificity and kinetics of induction.
    Journal of bacteriology, 1967, Volume: 94, Issue:5

    Topics: Amines; Amino Acids; Ammonium Chloride; Arginine; Azo Compounds; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Chloramphenicol; Enzyme Induction; Fluorine; Fluorouracil; Guanidines; Kinetics; Light; Luciferases; Marine Biology; Nitrates; Phenylalanine; Propylamines; Puromycin; RNA, Messenger; Urea

1967
Modification of an essential arginine of carbamate kinase.
    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1980, Volume: 199, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Arginine; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Diacetyl; Enterococcus faecalis; Magnesium; Manganese; Phosphotransferases; Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor)

1980
Regulation of enzyme synthesis in the arginine deiminase pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    Journal of bacteriology, 1980, Volume: 144, Issue:1

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Enzyme Induction; Hydrolases; Nitrates; Nitrites; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Oxygen; Phosphotransferases; Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor); Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1980
Studies on the mechanism of NK cell lysis.
    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1982, Volume: 128, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Calcium; Carbamates; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Female; Immunity, Cellular; Indoles; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Nitrobenzoates; Phenylalanine; Phenylcarbamates; Protease Inhibitors; Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone; Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone; Tubercidin; Tyrosine

1982
Arginine, mitochondrial arginase, and the control of carbamyl phosphate synthesis.
    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1981, Volume: 209, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Carbamates; Carbamyl Phosphate; Citrulline; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Ornithine; Rats; Submitochondrial Particles; Urea

1981
Evidence for an exceptionally reactive arginyl residue at the binding site for carbamyl phosphate in bovine ornithine transcarbamylase.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1980, Aug-10, Volume: 255, Issue:15

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Carbamyl Phosphate; Cattle; Diacetyl; Kinetics; Liver; Mathematics; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Phenylglyoxal; Protein Binding; Valine

1980
["Classical" apo B,E-receptor does not mediate the activating effect of low density lipoproteins on the second messenger system in human platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells].
    Biokhimiia (Moscow, Russia), 1994, Volume: 59, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylation; Arginine; Blood Platelets; Carbamates; Cells, Cultured; Heparin; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Inositol Phosphates; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lysine; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phosphatidylinositols; Receptors, LDL; Second Messenger Systems

1994
Effects of ENA713 and CHF2819, two anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs, on rat amino acid levels.
    Brain research, 2001, Aug-10, Volume: 910, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Citrulline; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acids; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Neurons; Phenylcarbamates; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rivastigmine; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine

2001
Chromatographic assay of glycation adducts in human serum albumin glycated in vitro by derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-carbamate and intrinsic fluorescence.
    The Biochemical journal, 2002, May-15, Volume: 364, Issue:Pt 1

    Topics: Aminoquinolines; Arginine; Carbamates; Chromatography; Deoxyglucose; Glucose; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Models, Chemical; Serum Albumin; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors

2002
Structural defects within the carbamate tunnel of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase.
    Biochemistry, 2002, Oct-22, Volume: 41, Issue:42

    Topics: Alanine; Arginine; Binding Sites; Carbamates; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing); Carbamyl Phosphate; Catalysis; Conserved Sequence; Enzyme Stability; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Methionine; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Subunits

2002
ARGININE AS A PRECURSOR OF PYRIMIDINES IN STRAIN L-929 FIBROBLASTS INFECTED WITH PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISMS.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1964, Volume: 239

    Topics: Arginase; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Carbamates; Carbon Isotopes; Connective Tissue; Fibroblasts; Glutamine; Ligases; Metabolism; Mycoplasma; Ornithine; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Orotic Acid; Phosphates; Phosphotransferases; Proline; Proteins; Pyrimidines; Research; Thymidine; Tissue Culture Techniques; Uracil; Urea; Ureohydrolases

1964
EFFECTS OF BICARBONATE ON GROWTH OF PASTEURELLA PESTIS. 3. REPLACEMENT OF BICARBONATE BY PYRIMIDINES.
    Journal of bacteriology, 1964, Volume: 88

    Topics: Arginine; Bicarbonates; Carbamates; Carbon Dioxide; Citrulline; Culture Media; Cytosine; Metabolism; Orotic Acid; Pharmacology; Phosphates; Pyrimidines; Research; Uracil; Yersinia pestis

1964
PHOSPHORYLATION OF CARBAMATE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1965, Volume: 240

    Topics: Acetates; Arginine; Carbamates; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Escherichia coli; In Vitro Techniques; Metabolism; Mutation; Phosphorylation; Phosphotransferases; Research; Uracil

1965
Inhibitory action of novel arginine derivative on catecholamine secretion evoked by acetylcholine from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2003, Volume: 42 Suppl 1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenal Medulla; Alkaloids; Animals; Arginine; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Carbamates; Catecholamines; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chromaffin Cells; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guanidines; Spermidine

2003
Access to the carbamate tunnel of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase.
    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2004, May-01, Volume: 425, Issue:1

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Mutation; Protein Structure, Tertiary

2004
Diastereoselective functionalizations of enecarbamates derived from pipecolic acid towards 5-guanidinopipecolates as arginine mimetics.
    Organic & biomolecular chemistry, 2008, Sep-21, Volume: 6, Issue:18

    Topics: Amines; Arginine; Azides; Biomimetic Materials; Carbamates; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guanidine; Hydroxylation; Ketones; Molecular Structure; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Oxidation-Reduction; Pipecolic Acids; Stereoisomerism

2008
Development of an in-capillary derivatization method by CE for the determination of chiral amino acids in dietary supplements and wines.
    Electrophoresis, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:4

    Topics: Amino Acids, Basic; Aminoquinolines; Arginine; Carbamates; Dietary Supplements; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Least-Squares Analysis; Linear Models; Lysine; Ornithine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solvents; Stereoisomerism; Wine

2009
Carbamate transport in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: a theoretical and experimental investigation.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2010, Mar-24, Volume: 132, Issue:11

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Arginine; Carbamates; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Movement; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Phosphates; Protein Conformation; Static Electricity; Thermodynamics; Water

2010
Highly efficient (R-X-R)-type carbamates as molecular transporters for cellular delivery.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, May-02, Volume: 134, Issue:17

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Carbamates; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell-Penetrating Peptides; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; DNA; Plasmids; Transfection

2012
Ubiquilin-mediated Small Molecule Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Signaling.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2016, Mar-04, Volume: 291, Issue:10

    Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Arginine; Carbamates; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Inhibitors; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; Multiprotein Complexes; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Ubiquitins

2016
Efficient Cellular Entry of (r-x-r)-Type Carbamate-Plasmid DNA Complexes and Its Implication for Noninvasive Topical DNA Delivery to Skin.
    Molecular pharmaceutics, 2016, 06-06, Volume: 13, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Carbamates; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell-Penetrating Peptides; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; DNA; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; Oligopeptides; Plasmids; Skin; Transfection

2016
Boc
    ACS chemical biology, 2016, 12-16, Volume: 11, Issue:12

    Topics: Arginine; Carbamates; Drug Design; HeLa Cells; Humans; Ligands; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Proteolysis

2016