apigenin and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

The chemical treatment of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases has been undermined by increasing resistance and high toxicity. There is an urgent need to search for alternative natural sources for the treatment of such parasites. In this respect, the present study aims to quantify phenolic compounds of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and to study their in vitro anti-oxidant and anthelmintic activities in solvents with increasing polarity. In vitro determination of anti-oxidant capacity was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation methods. In vitro anthelmintic activity was investigated on egg-hatching inhibition and loss of motility of adult worms of Haemonchus contortus from sheep. The results showed that methanolic and aqueous extracts contain more total polyphenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannins than chloroformic and hexanic extracts. ABTS and DPPH assays showed that methanolic extracts had the highest anti-oxidant potency (IC50 = 1.19 μg/ml and 1.18 μg/ml, respectively). In vitro anthelmintic activity showed that both methanolic (IC50 = 1.559 mg/ml) and aqueous (IC50 = 2.559 mg/ml) extracts had the greatest effect on egg hatching and motility of worms (100% after 8 h post exposure at 8 mg/ml). A significant and positive correlation between DPPH and ABTS tests was observed for all tested extracts. Therefore, total phenolic, total flavonoid and condensed tannin values were correlated with IC50 from both ABTS and DPPH, and with inhibition of egg hatching. To our knowledge, this report is the first of its kind to deal with in vitro anthelmintic activities of chamomile extracts.

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Chamomile; Haemonchiasis; Haemonchus; Oils, Volatile; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Sulfonic Acids; Tunisia

Cirsium japonicum var. australe, used as a folk medicine in Taiwan, has been employed traditionally in the treatment of diabetes and inflammatory symptoms. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of its ethanolic extract, utilizing centrifugal partition chromatography monitored by DPPH-TLC analysis, led to the isolation of three new acetylenic phenylacrylic acid esters (1-3) and two new polyacetylenes (4 and 5), together with seven known compounds (6-12). The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configurations of 4 and 7 were determined utilizing Mosher's method and ECD/CD experiments. The DPPH scavenging activity of the constituents isolated from the C. japonicum var. australe ethanolic extract was evaluated. The potential antidiabetic activity of some of the isolates was evaluated using in vitro cellular glucose uptake and oil red staining assays.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azo Compounds; Biphenyl Compounds; Cirsium; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose; Medicine, Traditional; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Picrates; Polyynes; Taiwan

Three new ent-kaurane type diterpenes, broussonetones A-C (1-3), were isolated from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera, together with seven known compounds, and their structures determined by 1D and 2D NMR and MS methods. Compounds 1-3 were marginal inhibitors of tyrosinase. Antioxidant assays showed them also to be inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. The mild inhibition of tyrosinase and significant inhibition of xanthine oxidase suggests that 1-3 could be useful ingredients in the development of skin-protecting cosmetics.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Broussonetia; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Molecular Structure; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Taiwan; Xanthine Oxidase

Two new flavonoids, 3-O-[(S)-2-methylbutyroyl]pinobanksin (1) and 6-cinnamylchrysin (2), were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of Chinese propolis, along with 12 known compounds (3-14). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analyses. The isolated compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity toward five different cancer cell lines. Benzyl caffeate (13) and phenethyl caffeate (14) showed potent antiproliferative activity toward tested cell lines with a selective activity toward colon 26-L5 carcinoma cell line (EC(50) values: 13, 1.01; 14, 0.30 microM).

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biphenyl Compounds; Caffeic Acids; China; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Colonic Neoplasms; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Mice; Molecular Structure; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Picrates; Propolis; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Tumor Cells, Cultured

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, samioside, was isolated from the aerial parts of Phlomis samia and identified as 1-O-3,4-(dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1). In addition, one known phenylethanoid glycoside and three known flavonoids were identified as acteoside (2), apigenin, chrysoeriol, and ermanin, respectively. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of its spectroscopic data. Samioside (1) demonstrated scavenging properties toward the DPPH radical and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Apigenin; Bepridil; Biphenyl Compounds; Candida; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Enterobacter cloacae; Escherichia coli; Flavones; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Glucosides; Glycosides; Greece; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Phenols; Picrates; Plants, Medicinal; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Stereoisomerism