amoxicillin-potassium-clavulanate-combination and cefetamet-pivoxyl

In this open comparative and prospective study 180 adults of either sex were randomised to treatment with either amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) 500/125mg tid or cefetamet pivoxil (CAT) 500mg bid for 7 days. Demographic data and assessable findings were similar in both groups. Clinical outcomes of 169 assessable patients showed high efficacy of both drugs: 92% with AMC and 96% with CAT. Bacteriological response rates were equivalent in 141 evaluable cases: 84% vs. 89%, respectively. Baseline susceptibility testing (DIN) revealed a notable number of Haemophilus species either intermediately susceptible or resistant to AMC. Gastrointestinal disorders predominated among the adverse events with diarrhea occurring nearly twice as often in the AMC group. CAT is an effective and safe alternative option in the treatment of AECB in adults. The advantage of CAT is its enhanced activity against gram-negative bacteria. It is well tolerated.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Bronchitis; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Chronic Disease; Clavulanic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies

Cefetamet pivoxil was investigated in an open, randomized comparative study involving a total of 37 children with acute pyelonephritis, whose ages ranged from 2 to 14 years. The patients received either 10 mg/kg (n = 18) or 20 mg/kg (n = 8) cefetamet pivoxil twice daily, or 30-50 mg/kg amoxycillin/clavulanic acid three times daily (n = 11) for a period of 7-10 days. Escherichia coli was the main causative agent isolated in 28 (75.7%) of the patients; other pathogens included Proteus mirabilis (three patients). Proteus species (one patient), Klebsiella pneumoniae (two patients), Pseudomonas diminuta (one patient) and mixed infections (three patients). No differences in the overall treatment outcome could be observed between the treatment regimens used and, at the end of treatment, all pathogens were eradicated with neither relapse, nor persistence of the isolated pathogen, nor reinfection occurring. The clinical signs and symptoms had subsided in all patients at treatment end and the tolerability of the trial drugs was found to be satisfactory with no premature treatment withdrawal required. It is concluded that cefetamet pivoxil in the standard twice-daily dose of 10 mg/kg was equally effective and as well tolerated as 20 mg/kg cefetamet pivoxil given twice daily or 30-50 mg/kg amoxycillin/clavulanic acid given three times daily.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Clavulanic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Tolerance; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Proteus Infections; Pyelonephritis

Ro 15-8074, a new cephalosporin the pivaloyloxymethylester of which (Ro 15-8075) is orally absorbable, showed greater in vitro activity than cefaclor against 48 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including 25 penicillinase-producing strains. Unlike cefaclor, Ro 15-8074 was unaffected by increase in inoculum size, and it exhibited a remarkable stability against gonococcal beta-lactamase hydrolysis.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; beta-Lactamases; Cefaclor; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Clavulanic Acids; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae