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alpha-aminopyridine and verapamil

alpha-aminopyridine has been researched along with verapamil in 41 studies

Research

Studies (41)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	35 (85.37)	18.7374
1990's	1 (2.44)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	3 (7.32)	24.3611
2020's	2 (4.88)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Dun, NJ; Liu, HQ	1
Hagiwara, S; Schlichter, L; Sidell, N	1
Alousi, AA; Johnson, DC	1
Dreyer, F; Penner, R	1
Golub, SH; Hagiwara, S; Schlichter, LC; Sidell, N; Wright, SC	1
Gupta, S	1
Jonkman, FA; Korstanje, C; Van Kemenade, JE; Van Zwieten, PA	1
Berger, SG; Hofmann, A; Waser, PG	1
Savage, AO	1
Dos Reis, GA; Nóbrega, AF; Persechini, PM	1
Lang, B; Newsom-Davis, J; Wray, DW	1
Bikhazi, GB; Flores, C; Foldes, FF	1
Kremer Hovinga, TK; ter Wee, PM; Uges, DR; van der Geest, S	1
Ho, ST; Lee, SH; Yen, MH	1
Matsumoto, M; Riker, WK; Takashima, K	1
Galatulas, I; Gibelli, N; Supino, R; Zunino, F	1
Algeo, S; Gay, R; Goldman, S; Lee, R; Morkin, E; Olajos, M	1
Doroshenko, PA; Kostyuk, PG; Martynyuk, AE	1
Kigoshi, S; Muramatsu, I; Nishio, M	1
Kato, H; Takata, Y	1
Alousi, AA; Canter, JM; Fort, DJ	1
Cahalan, MD; Chandy, KG; DeCoursey, TE; Gupta, S; McLaughlin, C	1
Saxon, ME	1
Ohkawa, H	1
Glossmann, H; Hornung, R	1
Onuaguluchi, G; Tanz, RD	1
Agoston, S; Houwertjes, MC; Ket, JM; Maestrone, E; Uges, DR; van Hezik, EJ	1
Kodama, I; Kondo, N; Shibata, S	1
de Langen, CD; Houwertjes, MC; Kingma, JH; Wesseling, H	1
Boros, M; Chaudhry, IA; Duncalf, RM; Foldes, FF; Nagashima, H; Sherman, EH	1
Downing, OA; Louttit, JB; Wilson, KA	1
Aronson, RS; Hertzberg, J; Nusrat, A; Sonnenblick, EH; Tepper, D	1
Huidobro-Toro, JP; Rezvani, A; Way, EL	1
Buck, DC; Mielens, ZE	1
Danilo, P; Miura, DS; Reder, RF; Rosen, MR	1
Hove, K; Sand, O	1
Brueggemann, LI; Byron, KL; Cribbs, LL; Dowell, ML; Kakad, PP; Love, RB; Solway, J	1
Baluom, M; Brealey, C; Craven, K; Gillen, M; Grossbard, EB; Lau, D; Mant, T; Martin, P; Millson, D; Oliver, S; Sweeny, D	1
Chreifi, G; Do, HT; Li, H; Poulos, TL; Silverman, RB; Wang, HY	1
Dickinson, GL; Hall, SD; Kulanthaivel, P; Morse, BL; Posada, MM; Turner, PK	1
Ansari, MN; Rehman, NU; Samad, A	1

Trials

1 trial(s) available for alpha-aminopyridine and verapamil

Article	Year
Effects of CYP3A4 Inhibitors Ketoconazole and Verapamil and the CYP3A4 Inducer Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Fostamatinib: Results from In Vitro and Phase I Clinical Studies. Drugs in R&D, 2016, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aminopyridines; Cross-Over Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Humans; Ketoconazole; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Morpholines; Oxazines; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Rifampin; Verapamil; Young Adult	2016

Article

Year

Effects of CYP3A4 Inhibitors Ketoconazole and Verapamil and the CYP3A4 Inducer Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Fostamatinib: Results from In Vitro and Phase I Clinical Studies.

Drugs in R&D, 2016, Volume: 16, Issue:1

Topics: Adult; Aminopyridines; Cross-Over Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Humans; Ketoconazole; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Morpholines; Oxazines; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Rifampin; Verapamil; Young Adult

2016

Other Studies

40 other study(ies) available for alpha-aminopyridine and verapamil

Article	Year
Effects of verapamil on synaptic transmission in mammalian sympathetic ganglia. Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 1990, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Action Potentials; Aminopyridines; Animals; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Guinea Pigs; Male; Neurons; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Soman; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Verapamil	1990
Potassium channels mediate killing by human natural killer cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1986, Volume: 83, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Cadmium; Calcium; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Electric Conductivity; Humans; Ion Channels; Killer Cells, Natural; Membrane Potentials; Potassium; Quinidine; Verapamil	1986
Pharmacology of the bipyridines: amrinone and milrinone. Circulation, 1986, Volume: 73, Issue:3 Pt 2 Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Animals; Calcium; Carbachol; Cardiotonic Agents; Cats; Cyclic AMP; Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Hemodynamics; Ion Channels; Male; Milrinone; Myocardial Contraction; Norepinephrine; Potassium; Pyridones; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sodium; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors; Verapamil	1986
Two different presynaptic calcium currents in mouse motor nerve terminals. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 1986, Volume: 406, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Amifampridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Barium; Cadmium; Calcium; Diltiazem; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Manganese; Mice; Motor Neurons; Neuromuscular Junction; Potassium; Strontium; Synapses; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Verapamil	1986
Potassium channels in human NK cells are involved in discrete stages of the killing process. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1986, Sep-01, Volume: 137, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Cadmium; Calcium; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Edetic Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Killer Cells, Natural; Killer Factors, Yeast; Proteins; Quinidine; Verapamil	1986
Autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction in man. XVII. In vitro effect of ion channel-blocking agents on the autologous mixed-lymphocyte response. Cellular immunology, 1987, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Interleukin-2; Ion Channels; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Quinine; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Recombinant Proteins; T-Lymphocytes; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Verapamil	1987
Bay k 8644, a calcium entry promoter, as an antidote in verapamil intoxication in rabbits. Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1987, Volume: 287, Issue:1 Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Antidotes; Atrioventricular Node; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Male; Pyridines; Rabbits; Verapamil	1987
Effects of new 4-aminopyridine derivatives on neuromuscular transmission and on smooth muscle contractility. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1989, Volume: 39, Issue:7 Topics: Aminopyridines; Animals; Botulinum Toxins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Dantrolene; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Respiratory Muscles; Synaptic Transmission; Trifluoperazine; Verapamil	1989
A comparison of the actions of 4-aminopyridine, caffeine and quinine on the toad isolated rectus abdominis muscle. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 1989, Volume: 92, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Bufonidae; Caffeine; Egtazic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Manganese; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Potassium; Procaine; Quinine; Verapamil	1989
Stage-specific distinctions in potassium channel blocker control of T-lymphocyte activation. International journal of immunopharmacology, 1988, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Kinetics; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mitogens; Potassium Channels; Quinine; Receptors, Mitogen; T-Lymphocytes; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Verapamil	1988
The effect of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome antibody on slow action potentials in mouse cardiac ventricle. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 1988, Oct-22, Volume: 235, Issue:1278 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Action Potentials; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium Channels; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Neuromuscular Diseases; Reference Values; Syndrome; Tetrodotoxin; Ventricular Function; Verapamil	1988
The effect of verapamil and EGTA on the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1985, Volume: 64, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium; Diaphragm; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Ethylene Glycols; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Transmission; Verapamil	1985
4-Aminopyridine and haemodialysis in the treatment of verapamil intoxication. Human toxicology, 1985, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aged; Aminopyridines; Atropine; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Renal Dialysis; Time Factors; Verapamil	1985
Effects of 4-aminopyridine on cat blood pressure in relation to the sympathetic nervous system. European journal of pharmacology, 1985, Jul-11, Volume: 113, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Cardiovascular Agents; Cats; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Reserpine; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction; Verapamil	1985
Synaptic facilitation by 3-aminopyridine and its antagonism by verapamil and diltiazem. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1985, Volume: 235, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Action Potentials; Amifampridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Benzazepines; Calcium; Diltiazem; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Rana catesbeiana; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Verapamil	1985
Influence of calcium and calcium-modulating agents on differentiation of murine erythroleukaemia cells. Cell biology international reports, 1985, Volume: 9, Issue:12 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Animals; Calcimycin; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cell Line; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Egtazic Acid; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Friend murine leukemia virus; Gallic Acid; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Mice; Razoxane; Verapamil	1985
Treatment of verapamil toxicity in intact dogs. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1986, Volume: 77, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Calcium Chloride; Cardiac Output; Dogs; Dopamine; Epinephrine; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Stimulation, Chemical; Stroke Volume; Verapamil	1986
Transmembrane outward hydrogen current in intracellularly perfused neurones of the snail Helix pomatia. General physiology and biophysics, 1986, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Cadmium; Calcium; Cell Membrane Permeability; Helix, Snails; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Potassium; Verapamil	1986
Mechanisms of tetraethylammonium-induced contraction in the canine coronary artery. Pharmacology, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium; Cesium; Chlorides; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Niacinamide; Nicorandil; Phenylephrine; Potassium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Vasodilator Agents; Verapamil	1986
Differential effects of Ca antagonists on the noradrenaline release and contraction evoked by nerve stimulation in the presence of 4-aminopyridine. British journal of pharmacology, 1987, Volume: 90, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diltiazem; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nicardipine; Norepinephrine; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Stereoisomerism; Tetracaine; Tetrodotoxin; Verapamil	1987
The beneficial effect of amrinone on acute drug-induced heart failure in the anaesthetised dog. Cardiovascular research, 1985, Volume: 19, Issue:8 Topics: Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Cardiotonic Agents; Central Venous Pressure; Dogs; Female; Heart Failure; Male; Pentobarbital; Procainamide; Propranolol; Vascular Resistance; Verapamil	1985
Voltage-gated potassium channels are required for human T lymphocyte activation. The Journal of experimental medicine, 1984, Aug-01, Volume: 160, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Cell Line; Diltiazem; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Interleukin-2; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Leucine; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Phytohemagglutinins; Potassium; Protein Biosynthesis; T-Lymphocytes; Thymidine; Verapamil	1984
Anomalous response of rabbit papillary muscles to depolarising current: the possible role of the transient outward current. A pharmacological analysis. General physiology and biophysics, 1984, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Action Potentials; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium; Electrophysiology; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Papillary Muscles; Potassium; Rabbits; Tyramine; Verapamil	1984
Effects of 4-aminopyridine on the non-adrenergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the guinea-pig duodenum. The Japanese journal of physiology, 1984, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Duodenum; Egtazic Acid; Evoked Potentials; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Membrane Potentials; Muscle, Smooth; Neural Inhibition; Synaptic Transmission; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Verapamil	1984
Calcium- and potassium-channel blockers interact with alpha-adrenoceptors. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 1980, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Aminopyridines; Animals; Brain; Calcium; Clonidine; Gallopamil; Guanidines; Ion Channels; Myocardium; Potassium; Prazosin; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Verapamil	1980
Electromechanical dissociation and possible uncoupling of phosphorylation following tachydysrhythmogenic dose of amrinone in the guinea-pig Langendorff heart preparation. Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1984, Volume: 271, Issue:1 Topics: Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiotonic Agents; Electrocardiography; Guinea Pigs; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Time Factors; Uncoupling Agents; Verapamil	1984
Effective treatment of verapamil intoxication with 4-aminopyridine in the cat. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Antidotes; Blood Pressure; Cats; Heart Rate; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Verapamil	1984
Effects of amrinone on the transmembrane action potential of rabbit sinus node pacemaker cells. British journal of pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 80, Issue:3 Topics: Action Potentials; Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Animals; Calcium; Cardiotonic Agents; Female; Heart Conduction System; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pindolol; Rabbits; Verapamil	1983
Hemodynamic effects of high dosages of verapamil and the lack of protection by 4-aminopyridine in the rabbit. Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1983, Volume: 266, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Levulinic Acids; Male; Rabbits; Verapamil	1983
Myoneural effects of pethidine and droperidol. British journal of anaesthesia, 1984, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Droperidol; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Meperidine; Muscle Contraction; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Neuromuscular Junction; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors; Tubocurarine; Verapamil	1984
Differential effects of strychnine on two types of vascular muscle. European journal of pharmacology, 1984, Feb-17, Volume: 98, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cardiovascular Agents; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Portal Vein; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Strychnine; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Tetrodotoxin; Verapamil	1984
Effects of amrinone on atrioventricular conduction in the intact canine heart. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Animals; Bundle of His; Cardiotonic Agents; Dogs; Heart Conduction System; Ouabain; Propranolol; Sinoatrial Node; Verapamil	1983
Effect of 4-aminopyridine and verapamil on the inhibitory action of normorphine on the guinea-pig ileum. European journal of pharmacology, 1982, Dec-17, Volume: 86, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Acetylcholine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine Derivatives; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Verapamil	1982
Relaxant effects of amrinone upon pulmonary smooth muscle. Pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Resistance; Aminophylline; Aminopyridines; Amrinone; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Carbachol; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Histamine Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Lung; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; Verapamil	1982
The electrophysiological properties of normal neonatal and adult canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Circulation research, 1981, Volume: 48, Issue:5 Topics: Action Potentials; Aging; Aminopyridines; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology; Female; Heart Conduction System; Male; Membrane Potentials; Perfusion; Potassium; Purkinje Fibers; Temperature; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors; Verapamil	1981
Evidence for a function of calcium influx in the stimulation of hormone release fron the parathyroid gland in the goat. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 1981, Volume: 113, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Aminopyridines; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Goats; Parathyroid Glands; Parathyroid Hormone; Stimulation, Chemical; Strontium; Verapamil	1981
Kv7 potassium channels in airway smooth muscle cells: signal transduction intermediates and pharmacological targets for bronchodilator therapy. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2012, Jan-01, Volume: 302, Issue:1 Topics: Aminopyridines; Animals; Anthracenes; Bronchoconstriction; Bronchodilator Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbamates; Celecoxib; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Humans; KCNQ Potassium Channels; Male; Methacholine Chloride; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phenylenediamines; Pyrazoles; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction; Sulfonamides; Verapamil	2012
Improvement of Cell Permeability of Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors Using Potent and Selective 2-Aminopyridine-Based Scaffolds with a Fluorobenzene Linker. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2017, 11-22, Volume: 60, Issue:22 Topics: Aminopyridines; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Crystallography, X-Ray; Fluorobenzenes; Humans; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Swine; Theophylline; Verapamil	2017
Predicting Clinical Effects of CYP3A4 Modulators on Abemaciclib and Active Metabolites Exposure Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2020, Volume: 60, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Alkynes; Aminopyridines; Area Under Curve; Benzimidazoles; Benzoxazines; Bosentan; Clarithromycin; Computer Simulation; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; Cyclopropanes; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; Diltiazem; Drug Interactions; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Modafinil; Models, Biological; Rifampin; Verapamil	2020
In Silico, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies of Roflumilast as a Potential Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic agent: Inhibition of the PDE-4 Enzyme and Voltage-gated Ca++ ion Channels. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, Feb-24, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Aminopyridines; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Benzamides; Binding Sites; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbachol; Castor Oil; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; Cyclopropanes; Diarrhea; Isoproterenol; Jejunum; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Papaverine; Parasympatholytics; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; Protein Binding; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rabbits; Verapamil	2020