allopurinol and potassium-bromate

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent used as a food additive which causes kidney damage as a potent nephrotoxic agent, and the mechanism may be explained by the generation of oxygen free radicals. Our experiments showed that single intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg KBrO3 could induce serious kidney damage, with an increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. Five-day oral administration of bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg resulted in a reversal in serum BUN and creatinine to normal levels and decreased kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels. Also, bilberry extract improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) levels in kidney tissue, which showed that bilberry extract reduced the degree of oxidative stress and kidney damage induced by KBrO3. These findings demonstrate that the protective effect of bilberry extract is attributed to its free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect.

Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Bromates; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Plant Extracts; Vaccinium myrtillus; Xanthine Oxidase

We report the modulatory effect of coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) on potassium bromate (KBrO(3)) mediated nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. KBrO(3) (125 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) enhances gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, renal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes. It also enhances blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into renal DNA. Treatment of rats orally with coumarin (10 mg/kg body weight and 20 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H(2)O(2) generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity and DNA synthesis (P < 0.001). Renal glutathione content (P < 0.01) and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level (P < 0.001). These results show that coumarin may be used as an effective chemopreventive agent against KBrO(3)-mediated renal oxidative stress, toxicity and tumor promotion response in Wistar rats.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Bromates; Catalase; Chemoprevention; Coumarins; Creatinine; DNA; Female; Free Radicals; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Reductase; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Lipid Peroxidation; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); Ornithine Decarboxylase; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Xanthine Oxidase