agar and sclerotiorin

　A useful tool for the screening of fungi producing biologically active secondary metabolites such as antibiotics and cytotoxic substances has been developed. An agar plate-organic solvent interface cultivation (A/S-IFC) system, which comprised a hydrophobic organic solvent (upper phase) , a fungal mat (middle phase) and an agar plate (lower phase) , was constructed. The metabolite profiles were compared among the A/S-IFC, a traditional submerged cultivation (SmC) and an extractive liquid surface immobilization (Ext-LSI) system consisted of a hydrophobic solvent (upper phase) , a fungal cells-ballooned microspheres (middle phase) and a liquid medium (lower phase) , with high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) . In the A/S-IFC, many hydrophobic metabolites vastly different from those in the SmC were accumulated in the organic phase as with the Ext-LSI. For example, a valuable azaphilone, sclerotiorin, was remarkably produced into the organic phase in the A/S-IFC. The A/S-IFC was applied to the screening of antibiotic-producing fungi. As a result of paper disk method, it was found that 321 isolated among 811 strains produced antifungal metabolites (hit rate, 39.6%) . Furthermore, 8, 23, and 30 strains also produced cytotoxic metabolites against SKOV-3 (human ovary adenocarcinoma) , MESO-1 (human malignant pleural mesothelioma) , and Jurkat cells (immortalized human T lymphocyte) .

Topics: Agar; Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzopyrans; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Discovery; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Fermentation; Fungi; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Pigments, Biological; Saccharomycetales; Solvents