agar and cloflucarban

Topics: Agar; Cefsulodin; Culture Media; Humans; Novobiocin; Nystatin; Plague; Yersinia pestis

Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar (CIN) has been used as a selective agar to detect Yersinia in food or human patients; however, its components can inhibit the growth of some strains of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O3 and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Recently, a new Yersinia selective agar, CHROMagar Yersinia enterocolitica (CAYe), was developed and evaluated as a novel selective agar for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. In this research, a total of 251Yersinia strains (176 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, 59 Y. pseudotuberculosis, and 16 non-pathogenic Yersinia) were cultured on both CIN and CAYe for comparison. Except for 10 of 104 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O3 strains and 59 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, 198 Yersinia isolates grew on both media after 48 hr of incubation at 32℃. Of the 10 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O3 which could not grow on CIN or CAYe, 9 strains could not grow on CIN with supplements and 1 strain could not grow CAYe with supplements. Of 9 strains which did not grow on CIN with supplements, 3 strains could not grow on CIN without supplements. However, 1 strain which did not grow on CAYe with supplements could grow on CAYe without supplements. All of the Y. pseudotuberculosis strains could grow on CIN with/without supplements and on CAYe without supplements. The results indicate that the inhibition of the growth of Y. enterocolitica O3 on CIN is related to the components of CIN; however, the inhibition on CAYe appears to be related to the supplements in CAYe. Therefore, CAYe may be a more useful selective medium than CIN for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica .

Topics: Agar; Carbanilides; Cefsulodin; Culture Media; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Novobiocin; Temperature; Time Factors; Yersinia

Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are important food borne pathogens. However, the presence of competitive microbiota makes the isolation of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis from naturally contaminated foods difficult. We attempted to evaluate the performance of a modified Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) agar in the differentiation of Y. enterocolitica from non-Yersinia species, particularly the natural intestinal microbiota. The modified CIN enabled the growth of Y. enterocolitica colonies with the same efficiency as CIN and Luria-Bertani agar. The detection limits of the modified CIN for Y. enterocolitica in culture medium (10 cfu/ml) and in artificially contaminated pork (10(4) cfu/ml) were also comparable to those of CIN. However, the modified CIN provided a better discrimination of Yersinia colonies from other bacteria exhibiting Yersinia-like colonies on CIN (H2S-producing Citrobacter freundii, C. braakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Providencia rettgeri, and Morganella morganii). The modified CIN exhibited a higher recovery rate of Y. enterocolitica from artificially prepared bacterial cultures and naturally contaminated samples compared with CIN. Our results thus demonstrated that the use of modified CIN may be a valuable means to increase the recovery rate of food borne Yersinia from natural samples, which are usually contaminated by multiple types of bacteria.

Topics: Agar; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carbanilides; Cefsulodin; Culture Media; Novobiocin; Yersinia

Topics: Aeromonas; Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbanilides; Cefsulodin; Culture Media; Electron Transport Complex IV; Feces; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Novobiocin

Topics: Aeromonas; Agar; Bacteriological Techniques; Carbanilides; Coloring Agents; Diarrhea; Feces; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Yersinia enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogen, but isolation of virulent Yersinia from food sources is still time consuming and requires skills. In this article, we describe a rapid urease screening on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar plates with an agar overlay assay. This test is simple to perform, all colonies on a plate can be checked simultaneously, it only takes minutes for detection of urease-positive colonies and the colonies survive for transfer, further characterisation, and storage. Additionally, this method is useful to isolate virulent (urease-positive and pYV harbouring) Y. enterocolitica from foodstuffs.

Topics: Agar; Carbanilides; Cefsulodin; Culture Media; Enzyme Inhibitors; Novobiocin; Time Factors; Urease; Yersinia enterocolitica