adp-beta-s and 5--adenylyl-(beta-gamma-methylene)diphosphonate

We studied the role of adenosine and P2 receptors in the pelvic nerve stimulation-induced penile tumescence in anesthetized dogs. A local intracavernous injection of adenosine induced the tumescence, which was abolished by intracavernous 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8-SPT), an unspecific adenosine receptor antagonist, and by 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-yl amino]ethyl)phenol (ZM241385), an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist. ATP also induced the tumescence, which was diminished by 8-SPT, but not by reactive blue-2, a P2 receptor antagonist. Neither intracavernous beta, gamma-meATP nor ADP(beta)S, P2X and P2Y receptor agonists, induced tumescence. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and T-1032, a phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor, had no effects on the tumescence induced by adenosine. 8-SPT and reactive blue-2 had no effects on the tumescence induced by pelvic nerve stimulation. These results show that although exogenous adenosine and ATP induce tumescence, neither the adenosine nor the P2 receptor is involved in the tumescence induced by pelvic nerve stimulation in anesthetized dogs.

Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anesthesia; Animals; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Injections, Intravenous; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Penile Erection; Penis; Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Theophylline; Thionucleotides; Triazines; Triazoles

The effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-MeATP), L-beta,gamma-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (L-beta,gamma-MeATP), 2-methylthio-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (MeSATP) and adenosine-5-O-(2'-thiodiphosphate) (ADPbetaS) were investigated on the contractions to electrical field stimulation in the rat anococcygeus muscle. Stimulation-induced contractions were not affected by L-beta,gamma-MeATP (3-100 microM) or MeSATP (3-100 microM), but were enhanced by NADPH (10-100 microM), alpha,beta-MeATP (3-30 microM) and ADPbetaS (3-10 microM) in a concentration-dependent manner, and the enhancements were antagonised by the P2-receptor antagonist suramin (100 microM). The enhancement produced by alpha,beta-MeATP (10 microM) and ADPbetaS (10 microM) was also antagonised by pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (10 microM) and reactive blue 2 (100 microM). The enhancement produced by alpha,beta-MeATP (10 microM) was not altered by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM), desipramine (1 microM) or idazoxan (0.1 microM) excluding, respectively, the possible involvement of nitric oxide, neuronal amine uptake or alpha2-autoinhibition of noradrenergic transmission. Contractions elicited by low (0.1 and 0.3 microM) but not by higher (1 and 3 microM) concentrations of exogenously applied noradrenaline were enhanced by alpha,beta-MeATP (10 microM). Neither the resting nor the stimulation-induced effluxes of radioactivity from [3H]-noradrenaline-labelled anococcygeus muscles were affected by alpha,beta-MeATP (10-100 microM). The findings suggest that P2-receptors subserve the enhancing actions of NADPH, alpha,beta-MeATP and ADPbetaS on sympathetic neuroeffector transmission; however, the subtype of P2-receptor involved and its location remain unclear.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Desipramine; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Idazoxan; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; NADP; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission; Thionucleotides

Signal transduction via P2 purinergic receptors was investigated in HSG cells, a continuous cell line originally derived from an irradiated human salivary gland. Ligand specificity for nucleotide receptors in HSG cells was investigated with various nucleotides and their analogues. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production was significantly increased by ATP, UTP and ATP gamma S. The ligand specificity of this effect agreed well with that of the P2U purinergic receptor. On the other hand, 45Ca2+ influx was stimulated by ATP, UTP > ATP gamma S, ADP, UDP > ADP beta S > AMPPNP, GTP, TTP > CTP, GDP, TDP, AMPPCP, AMPCPP. This ligand specificity of 45Ca2+ influx was much broader than IP3 production. Also pertussis and cholera toxin had no effect on both IP3 production and 45Ca2+ influx by ATP or UTP. 3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (Bz-ATP) stimulates 45Ca2+ influx more effectively than IP3 formation. A 53-kDa membrane protein was photolabelled with [alpha-32P]Bz-ATP. This 53-kDa protein is a putative P2 purinergic receptor. In particular, the labelling was inhibited by a ligand profile that corresponded to that for 45Ca2+ influx. These findings suggest that nucleotides stimulate 45Ca2+ influx and IP3 formation by separate pathways via pertussis and cholera toxin-insensitive G proteins. Thus, in HSG cells, IP3 formation is coupled to the P2U subclass, while 45Ca2+ influx is coupled to another subclass, such as P2X, that regulates calcium channels.

Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; Affinity Labels; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium Radioisotopes; Cell Line; Cholera Toxin; Cytidine Triphosphate; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine Diphosphate; Humans; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Ligands; Membrane Proteins; Pertussis Toxin; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, Purinergic; Salivary Ducts; Signal Transduction; Submandibular Gland; Substrate Specificity; Thionucleotides; Thymine Nucleotides; Uridine Triphosphate; Virulence Factors, Bordetella

ATP has been reported to increase basal and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity. The structural features of ATP involved in the activation of guanylate cyclase were examined by employing a variety of ATP analogs with modification either at the phosphate chain or at the ribose moiety. Among the natural adenine nucleotides, ATP and ADP were able to increase both basal and ANF-stimulated guanylate cyclase activities in rat lung membranes. AMP had no effect. ATP was more effective than AMPPCP (the non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP), and ADP was more effective than ADP beta S and AMPCP (the hydrolysis-resistant analogs of ADP) to increase basal and ANF-stimulated guanylate cyclase activities. Removal of the oxygen atom from the ribose moiety of ATP or ADP significantly reduced their potency. Thus, the length of the phosphate chain and the hydroxyl groups at the ribose moiety are both determinants for nucleotide mediated guanylate cyclase activation.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guanylate Cyclase; In Vitro Techniques; Lung; Male; Membranes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thionucleotides