acteoside and 1-phenylpropanol

An effective strategy based on high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) knockout combination with HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS analysis were developed to identify minor lignans, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoid glycosides in M. officinalis. Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (8:4:7:5, v/v/v/v) as solvent system was firstly selected to separate the crude extract of M. officinalis. Two major lignans, honokiol and magnolol were knocked out, and minor components were enriched. Then, five standards (honokiol, magnolol, magnocurarine, magnoflorine and acteoside) were used as examples to discuss their fragmentation patterns for structural identification. By comprehensive screening, sixteen lignans, nine alkaloids, six phenylpropanoid glycosides were unambiguously or tentatively identified by comparing their retention time, UV spectra, accurate mass and fragmentation patterns with standards or reported components. Eight of them, as far as was known, were discovered from M. officinalis for the first time. The proposed method might provide a model for the effective identification of minor components from complex herbs. Additionally, this study laid a foundation for the study of quality control, and clinical applications of M. officinalis.

Topics: Alkaloids; Aporphines; Biphenyl Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucosides; Glycosides; Isoquinolines; Lignans; Magnolia; Methanol; Phenols; Propanols; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Lippia citriodora (lemon verbena) has been widely used in folk medicine for its pharmacological properties. Verbascoside, the most abundant compound in this plant, has protective effects associated mostly with its strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of L. citriodora extract intake on the antioxidant response of blood cells and to correlate this response with the phenolic metabolites found in plasma. For this purpose, firstly the L. citriodora extract was characterized and its radical scavenging activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Then, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRed) activities were determined in lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and neutrophils isolated from rats after acute intake of L. citriodora. Phenolic metabolites were analyzed in the same plasma samples by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in neutrophils, which has been proposed as a marker for inflammatory vascular damage, was also determined. After L. citriodora administration, the antioxidant enzymes activities significantly accelerated (p<0.05) while MPO activity subsided, indicating that the extract protects blood cells against oxidative damage and shows potential anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic activities. The main compounds found in plasma were verbascoside and isoverbascoside at a concentration of 80±10 and 57±4 ng/ml, respectively. Five other metabolites derived from verbascoside and isoverbascoside were also found in plasma, namely hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ferulic acid glucuronide, and homoprotocatechuic acid, together with another eight phenolic compounds. Therefore, the phenylpropanoids verbascoside and isoverbascoside, as well as their metabolites, seem to be the responsible for the above-mentioned effects, although the post-transcriptional activation mechanism of blood-cell antioxidant enzymes by these compounds needs further investigation.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Glucosides; Lippia; Neutrophils; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Propanols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Clerodendron trichotomum leaves and Rumex aquatica herbs are used as a folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but their active ingredients are not known until now. We isolated caffeic acid and phenylpropanoid glycosides, 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside and acteoside [β-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-(4-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside] from their ethylacetate fractions, respectively, and evaluated their anti-asthmatic effects on the aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) challenge in the OA-sensitized guinea-pigs measuring the specific airway resistance (sRaw) during the immediate-phase response (IAR) and late-phase response (LAR), and also measured recruitment of leukocytes and chemical mediators on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in LAR, as well as histopathological survey. Acteoside and 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside (25mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) inhibited sRaw by 32.14 and 26.79% in IAR, and by 55.88% and 52.94% in LAR, respectively, whereas caffeic acid (25mg/kg) inhibited sRaw by 30.36% in IAR and 44.12% in LAR, compared to control, but with less effective than dexamethasone, disodium cromoglycate, and salbutamol, respectively. In addition, phenylpropanoid glycosides (25mg/kg) significantly inhibited the recruitments of leukocytes, particularly neutrophils and eosinophils into lung, Furthermore, 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside, acteoside and caffeic acid significantly (P<0.05) inhibited protein content at a dose of 25mg/kg, and histamine content and PLA(2) activity at a dose of 50mg/kg, in BALF. Acteoside had more active than caffeic acid and 1-O-caffeoyl glycoside. However, their anti-asthmatic effects were less than the reference drugs. These results indicated that caffeic acid and its glycosides (25mg/kg) have anti-asthmatic effect as the same manner with dexamethasone and disodium cromoglycate.

Topics: Airway Resistance; Albuterol; Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Caffeic Acids; Clerodendrum; Cromolyn Sodium; Dexamethasone; Glucosides; Glycosides; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Leukocytes; Lung; Male; Neutrophil Infiltration; Ovalbumin; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Propanols; Proteins; Rumex