aconitine and barium-chloride

Terfenadine is a second generation histamine receptor antagonist which is widely used as a non‑sedating antihistamine to relieve allergic responses. However, terfenadine has been associated with a number of side effects on cardiac electrical activities through blocking multiple ion channels in the heart, particularly K+ channels. Previous studies have also implied that terfenadine may have a potential antiarrhythmic effect; however, the electrophysiological influence by which terfenadine exerts its antiarrhythmic action remains elusive. Based on evidence from previous studies, it was hypothesized that the antiarrhythmic effect of terfenadine may be similar to that of amiodarone. The present study aimed to examine the effect of terfenadine on the QTc interval and on experimental ventricular arrhythmia in rats by comparing with that of amiodarone. The effect of terfenadine and amiodarone on the QTc interval was evaluated by comparison of multiple electrocardiograms. Barium chloride/aconitine was intraperitoneally injected to induce ventricular arrhythmias. Normal saline was administered to control rats. In comparison with normal saline, terfenadine and amiodarone similarly dose‑dependently prolonged the QTc interval in rats. In the barium chloride/aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmia model, terfenadine and amiodarone did not only similarly delay the onset time of arrhythmias induced by barium chloride (all P<0.05), but also increased the cumulative dosage of aconitine required to induce various arrhythmias (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the two drugs equivalently caused a significant decrease in the duration of ventricular tachycardia in comparison with the normal saline controls (all P<0.05). The present study suggested that terfenadine prolonged the QTc interval and decreased ventricular tachycardia duration. The potential protective effect of terfenadine in ventricular arrhythmia may be similar to that of amiodarone.

Topics: Aconitine; Amiodarone; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Electrocardiography; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Terfenadine

We demonstrated here that an initial treatment with aconitine- or barium-chloride-induced arrhythmias and resulted in reduced susceptibility of the heart to the induction of arrhythmias by a repeated drug treatment 24 h after the initial one, a delayed preconditioning cardioprotection. This delayed preconditioning was accompanied by enhanced expression of cardiac muscarinic M(3) receptor and abolished by M(3)-selective antagonist. We conclude that muscarinic M(3) receptors might play an important role in conferring the pharmacological preconditioning against arrhythmias. This study thus expands our understanding of the cellular function and pathophysiological roles of muscarinic M(3) receptor and reconsolidates our view of cardioprotective effects of muscarinic M(3) receptor on myocardium.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Female; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Muscarinic M3; Time Factors

To study the effect of modified starfish sterol [C03, succinic acid (5-epiandroene-17-one-3beta-ol) diester] on experimental arrhythmias.. Arrhythmias were induced by drugs (Aco, Oua, BaCl2 and adrenalin) i.v., ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and electricity.. C03 71.4 mg x kg(-1) (ig) was shown to increase the dose of Oua inducing VP, VT, VF and CA in guinea pigs (P < 0.01); C03 (26.8, 80.4 mg x kg(-1)) was found to increase the dose of Aco inducing VF and CA in rats (P < 0.01); C03 (8.9, 26.8, 80.4 mg x kg(-1)) increase the dose of barium chloride and delay the onset time of ventricular arrhythmias (P < 0.01); C03 (14.1, 42.3 mg x kg(-10) shorten time of recovering induced by adrenalin in rabbits (P < 0.01); C03 (80.4 mg x kg(-1)) was shown to reduce the number of ventricular arrhythmias induced by coronary artery ligation in rats (P < 0.05), C03 increase VFT induced by electricity in rabbits, VFT of C03 14.1 mg x kg(-1) increased from (5.1 +/- 2.5) V to (11.0 +/- 2.7) V (P < 0.01), 42.3 mg x kg(-1) increased from (6.1 +/- 1.7) V to (15 +/- 5) V (P < 0.01).. Starfish sterol has anti-arrhythmic effect.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Cats; Chlorides; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Materia Medica; Mice; Ouabain; Rabbits; Rats; Starfish; Sterols; Ventricular Fibrillation

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yangxin Fumai Oral Liquid (YFOL), a Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing heart and restoring pulse, in treating patients with extrasystole.. The effect of YFOL was observed in treating 30 patients with different kinds of extrasystole and compared with that in 30 patients treated by propafenone. The effect of YFOL on experimental arrhythmia was studied in animals as well.. Clinical observation showed that the effect of YFOL against extrasystole in the two groups was similar, but the YFOL group showed better effect in symptom improvement (P < 0.01) with no marked side-effects. Experimental study showed that YFOL could reduce the chloroform induced ventricular fibrillation occurrence in mice, delay the initiating time of ventricular extrasystole, tachycardia and fibrillation induced by aconitine, BaCl2 and coronary artery ligation in rats, or shorten the lasting time of arrhythmia, reduce the attacking rate of ventricular extrasystole. There was significant difference in comparing with the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).. YFOL is a good and convenient Chinese herbal preparation for different kinds of extrasystole with low toxic and side-effects in clinical practice.

Topics: Aconitine; Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Chlorides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To compare the effects of oxysophoridine (Oxy) and sophoridine (Sop) on experimental arrhythmias and myocardial physiologic properties.. Arrhythmias were induced by drugs and myocardial ischemia. Physiologic properties were determined on isolated heart atria.. Oxy 500 mg.kg-1 (1/6 LD50) decreased the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias induced by aconitine (P < 0.01), increased the threshold dose of ouabain-induced ventricular premature (VP, P < 0.05), ventricular tachycardia (VT, P < 0.05), ventricular fibrillation (VF, P < 0.01), and cardiac arrest, (P < 0.01). After i.v. Oxy 500 mg.kg-1 into the rats with ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery, the total numbers of ectopic beats were decreased (P < 0.05), the incidence of VF was lowered, and the duration of VT was shortened (P < 0.01). Oxy 250 mg.kg-1 (1/13 LD50) i.v. shortened the duration of arrhythmias induced by BaCl2 (P < 0.01) and delayed the onset of arrhythmias induced by chloroform-epinephrine (P < 0.05). Oxy produced dose-dependent positive inotropic effects in the isolated left atrial of guinea pigs, increased the concentration of epinephrine to elicit automaticity in left atria, decreased slightly the excitability, and prolonged the functional refractory period. Sop produced the similar effects on arrhythmias as Oxy.. Oxy produced the similar anti-arrhythmic effects as Sop did at the equivalent effective dose.

Topics: Aconitine; Alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Arrest; Male; Matrines; Mice; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Ouabain; Quinolizines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological

To study the effects of acute restraint stress on ventricular electric stability (VES) and its mechanisms of action.. VES was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro by the changes of arrhythmogenic responses to icv or ip aconitine in rats and iv BaCl2 or adrenaline in rabbits following restraint stress for different durations. Pretreatments and the assay of heart-specific enzymes were made.. The heart sensitivity to these drugs was promoted after stress for 2 h, but obtunded after stress for 8 h (the latency of ventricular arrhythmia to icv aconitine was shortened from 4.1 +/- 0.9 min in control rats to 2.9 +/- 0.9 min after stress for 2 h, P < 0.05; but prolonged to 9.3 +/- 3.8 min after stress for 8 h, P < 0.05). In Langendorff heart, the changes of VES induced by stress were similar to those in vivo, but to lesser degree. Pretreatment with adrenalectomy inhibited the descending phase of VES, while pretreatment with both aminophylline and vagotomy remarkably depressed the ascending phase at 8 h. In addition, the serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase and their isozymes, LDH1 and CK-MB, were elevated at 2 h, and rose continuously at 8 h.. Acute restraint stress causes biphasic changes of VES. The initial decrease of VES was related to adrenal catecholamine release, whereas the following increase of VES was ascribed to adaptive decrease of cAMP and vagal activation. The changes of VES did not always parallel the injury of heart.

Topics: Aconitine; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Creatine Kinase; Disease Susceptibility; Electrophysiology; Heart Ventricles; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Physiological

Antiarrhythmic activity of Mexicord-Poland and Mexitil-Böehringer Ingelheim (D) was compared. In three models of experimentally evoked arrhythmia in animals, in used doses, both of examined preparations in the same degree prevented the occurrence of arrhythmia.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Digoxin; Electrocardiography; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mexiletine; Rats

Electric stimulation and drug-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), monophasic action potentials (MAP), and triggered activity were studied before and after administration of tetrahydroberberine (THB) in rabbits, rats or guinea pigs. At doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg.kg-1, i.v. THB increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold, and the BaCl2-induced VF was also prevented or terminated by THB in rabbits. Centrogenic VF induced by icv aconitine in rats was inhibited by pretreatment with THB in a dose-dependent manner, whereas VF induced by iv ouabain in guinea pig was inhibited to a lesser degree. For MAP, the duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD90) was prolonged remarkably, whereas the MAPD20, the MAP amplitude, and the maximal velocity of phase 0 were shortened or decreased slightly. The amplitudes of early afterdepolarization produced by cesium chloride (CsCl) were attenuated, while the cumulative threshold doses of CsCl for sustained ventricular tachycardia were elevated by THB. These results indicated that THB had an potent antifibrillatory effect, which might be attributed to its blockade of potassium, calcium, and sodium currents.

Topics: Aconitine; Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Berberine; Cesium; Chlorides; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Ouabain; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ventricular Fibrillation

Crebanine (Cre) iv 5 mg/kg could convert BaCl2-induced arrhythmia into sinus rhythm in rats, and could significantly increase the tolerant dose of aconitine to produce ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiac arrest (CA) in rats. The drug could also decrease the incidence of VF and CA by CaCl2 in rats and by chloroform in mice, but had no protective effects on ouabain-induced arrhythmias in guinea pigs.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Aporphines; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Arrest; Male; Mice; Ouabain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ventricular Fibrillation

The effect of Kappa-seleno-carrageenan, an organic compound containing selenium, on aconitine, BaCl2 and ouabain-induced arrhythmias were studied. When rats were given ip 9 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 5 d or ig single dose of 35, 70, 140 mg.kg-1, the threshold dose of aconitine was elevated significantly to induce HA. The effect seems to resemble that of ip Na2SeO3 1 mg.kg-1 x d-1 x 5 d. With increasing ig dose, the threshold dose of aconitine was elevated for inducing VE, VT, VF. When ip 9 mg.kg-1 x d-1 x 5 d or ig 70 mg.kg-1 was given, the threshold doses of BaCl2 in inducing VF (in rats) and ouabain in inducing VE (in guinea-pig) were elevated. However, no influence was observed for ip Na2SeO3 1 mg.kg-1 x d-1 x 5 d.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Carrageenan; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mice; Organoselenium Compounds; Ouabain; Rats; Selenium; Sodium Selenite

Anisodamine (Ani) is an alkaloid first isolated in China from the root of Anisodus tanguticus. Ani 10, 15 mg.kg-1 i.v. markedly shortened the duration of arrhythmias induced by aconitine (10 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.) or by BaCl2 (2 mg.kg-1 i.v.) in anesthetized rats. Ani significantly effected on arrhythmias induced by early coronary artery ligation in rats by reducing total numbers of ectopic beats and shortening the duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation 30 min after coronary ligation. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation of mice induced by chloroform were reduced from 100% to 20% and 10% by i.v. Ani 1 and 10 mg.kg-1 respectively. Ani 0.05, 0.25 mumol.L-1 prolonged the duration of neurologic refractory period of isolated guinea pig left atria and 10 mg.kg-1 i.v. had no effect on tachycardia induced by i.v. isoproterenol (0.01 mg.kg-1) but blocked the stimulation of nervi vagus. After i.v. Ani 15 mg.kg-1 P-P, P-R and QT-c intervals on the ECG were prolonged. Mean arterial pressure and diastolic pressure were reduced but systolic pressure was not effected.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Autonomic Nervous System; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Rats; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological; Solanaceous Alkaloids

Matrine (MT) is an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alopecuroids L. The LD50 of MT iv to mice was 72.1 mg/kg (95% CL 68.2-76.5 mg/kg). MT had significant effects on different experimental models of arrhythmias induced by aconitine, barium chloride or coronary ligation. The ECG of anesthetized rats was significantly changed after iv of MT. The HR was retarded and the PR and QTc intervals were prolonged.

Topics: Aconitine; Alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Female; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Matrines; Muscle Contraction; Quinolizines; Rats

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Cats; Chlorides; Coronary Circulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats

Experiments were conducted to compare the anti-arrhythmic effects of the four kinds of Qianghuo(Notopterygium incisum; N. forbesii; Pleurospermum rivulorum; Angelica silvestris). It has been found that all the four kinds of Qianghuo can antagonize arrhythmia induced by aconitine. Notopterygium incisum can prolong the ventricular vibration induced by CaCl2 and Pleurospermum rivulorum can prolong the ventricle stop induced by BaCl2. Thus Qianghuo can be used as a sedative and anti-arrhythmic drug.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium Chloride; Chlorides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Rats

The antiarrhythmic effect of Shuiqin (Oenanthe javanica) injection was studied in rats. An injection of 3 ml/kg iv could significantly antagonize the arrhythmias induced by aconitine and BaCl2, and decrease the rates of ventricular fibrillation and death induced by CaCl2. The results suggest that Shuqin injection has a significant antiarrhythmic effect on experimental rats.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium Chloride; Chlorides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Rats; Ventricular Fibrillation

The arrhythmias induced by chloroform-epinephine, BaCl2, and aconitine were prevented and antagonized by Ophiopogon total saponins (OTS) which were extracted from the root of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb) Ker-Gawl. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was effectively decreased without any changes in the hemodynamic indices of dogs. The electrophysiological effects of OTS in vivo and in vitro were studied by means of contact electrode and intracellular microelectrode techniques. The results showed that OTS shortened APD10, APD50, APD90; decreased APA and Vmax of both monophasic and transmembrane action potentials. OTS also increased the ERP/APD ratio and prevented or abolished the arrhythmikinesis provoked by ouabain and aconitine. The anti-arrhythmic properties of OTS lead us to draw an inference that the anti-arrhythmic mechanism may be related to the blocking of sodium and calcium channels.

Topics: Aconitine; Action Potentials; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Chloroform; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rabbits; Rats; Saponins

The antiarrhythmic activity of IST was studied on some experimental models of cardiac arrhythmia--caused by adrenaline in rats, caused by barium in non-narcotized rabbits, caused by strophanthin in guinea pigs, caused by aconitine and calcium in rats. Rhythmic disturbances were recorded by a 12-channel polyphysiograph "Galileo" or a single-channel electrocardiograph "Cardiomat". The obtained results showed that IST manifested antiarrhythmic activity in respect to adrenaline, barium and strophanthin arrhythmias without affecting substantially aconitine and calcium arrhythmias. It is thought that antiarrhythmic activity of IST, found in the indicated experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias, is most probably connected with a lowering of the peripheral sympathetic activity, realized by a central way.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Aporphines; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mice; Rabbits; Rats; Strophanthins

The administration of 65% alcohol extracts of Cordyceps sinensis can counteract the arrhythmias induced by aconitine or BaCl2 in rats, and increase the tolerant dose of ouabain to produce the arrhythmias in guinea pigs. The drug can reduce the heart rate of anesthetic rats, decreasing the contractility of isolated papillary muscle or atria in guinea pigs, but showing no effect on the automatic rhythmicity and the functional refractory period of the atria.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hypocreales; In Vitro Techniques; Lepidoptera; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Ouabain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: Acetylcholine; Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Barium; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heterocyclic Compounds; Iodine; Male; Mice; Ouabain; Rabbits; Rats

In comparison with detajmium, prajmalium, ajmaline, quinidine, lidocaine, disopyramide, propranolol, and Ethmozin the substance GS 015 is tested on the aconitin-induced arrhythmia of the rat, the auricular fibrillation by aconitin of the dog, the ventricular arrhythmia induced by ouabaine of the dog, the arrhythmia caused by calcium chloride of the rat, and the arrhythmia induced by barium chloride of the rabbit. The particular qualities of effect in the special forms of arrhythmia are discussed in connection with the study of the antiarrhythmic action in case of coronary occlusion, with the increase of the electric fibrillatory threshold, and with the electrophysiologic tests.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium Chloride; Chlorides; Dibenzazepines; Dogs; Heart Rate; Ouabain; Rabbits; Rats; Strophanthidin

The method for inducing arrhythmias or asystole by the application of a 50 Hz alternating current (ac) has been applied to isolated guinea-pig left atria and papillary muscles in order to characterize arrhythmogenic and antiarrhythmic substances. Aconitine, BaCl2 (less than 2 mmol/l) and hypoxia decrease threshold of ac-arrhythmia and ac-asystole, in both tissues to a similar extent, whereas carbachol and BaCl2 (greater than 2 mmol/l) increase threshold. The calcium antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem lower threshold of ac-asystole but differ with respect to threshold of ac-arrhythmia, which is increased by 10(-6) mol/l diltiazem in left atria and papillary muscles by about 30% and remains nearly unaffected with nifedipine. The Na+-inhibitory substance flecainide reverses the decrease in threshold of ac-arrhythmia and ac-asystole brought about by aconitine. Threshold of ac-arrhythmia lowered by hypoxia is increased by diltiazem in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas decrease of threshold of ac-asystole is even augmented. Therefore, the method offers an opportunity of quantifying the action of arrhythmogenic agents at concentrations which are too low to induce arrhythmia, as well as to characterize the activity of antiarrhythmic drugs in the presence of arrhythmogenic substances.

Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium; Barium Compounds; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbachol; Chlorides; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Isoproterenol; Male; Papillary Muscles; Receptors, Cholinergic