acid-phosphatase and tyloxapol

The study was undertaken in order to understand the reasons for the distinct differences in the elimination rate of lanthanides and transuranium elements from the liver of different mammalian species. The binding of monomeric 239Pu in livers of rats and Chinese hamsters was analyzed by density gradient centrifugation and electrophoresis. It was concluded that this nuclide is initially bound to lysosomes in liver of rats and Chinese hamsters. The influence of Triton WR 1339 (TWR) on the density of lysosomal marker enzymes from rat and Chinese hamster liver at day 4 was very similar for both animal species but the TWR induced shift persisted in Chinese hamsters up to day 60 whereas in rat liver the lysosomal density increased again with time. Electron microscopic inspection confirmed the similarity of the initial reaction of hepatocyte lysosomes. However, after 60 to 70 days typical TWR induced "tritosomes" were absent from rat hepatocytes but could be found regularly in hepatocytes from Chinese hamsters. The elimination rate of 3H-activity from liver injection of 3H-TWR was lower in Chinese hamsters than in rats. It was concluded that the differences in elimination rate of lanthanides and transuranium elements from liver of various mammalian species and the differences observed after TWR injection might reflect differences in the composition or function of the lysosomal system in the livers of different mammalian species. With respect to the transport of certain heavy metals the rat liver is not a reliable model for human liver.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Detergents; Female; Liver; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Plutonium; Polyethylene Glycols; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Species Specificity; Surface-Active Agents

Fiber splitting was studied in the tonic, anterior (ALD) and phasic, posterior (PLD) latissimus dorsi muscles using three experimental models, denervation, chloroquine administration and Triton WR-1339 administration. Fiber splitting was observed in the PLD in all three models, but in the ALD only after chloroquine administration. A basement membrane was always present in the split fibers, and acid phosphatase was localized between the split fibers in the PLD. However, no evidence of lysosomal involvement in the fiber splitting process was observed.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Basement Membrane; Chickens; Chloroquine; Lysosomes; Microscopy, Electron; Muscle Denervation; Muscles; Polyethylene Glycols

A new cytochemical assay of acid phosphatase activity employing Triton WR-1339, a non-ionic detergent, has been used to demonstrate the probable origin of the phytolysosome system and of the organization of the Golgi complex in the root meristem, Cucurbita pepo. The results were controlled biochemically by differential and linear density gradient ultracentrifugation of extracts from normal and Triton-treated roots. The various fractions were characterized by electron microscopy or by assay of marker enzymes.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cell Fractionation; Electron Transport Complex IV; Golgi Apparatus; Intercellular Junctions; Lysosomes; Membrane Lipids; Peroxidases; Phospholipids; Plants; Polyethylene Glycols

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Arylsulfatases; Bile Canaliculi; Exocytosis; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Time Factors

The density-distribution patterns of various enzymes and of labeled materials have been determined by isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose-0.2 M KCl gradient on homogenates of lymphoid tissues from rats injected with Triton WR-1339, (14)C-labeled dextran, (51)Cr-labeled erythrocytes, and cortisol. The results confirm and extend the conclusion, derived from previous investigations on normal animals, that the lysosomes of lymphoid tissues form two and possibly three, distinct populations. The evidence indicates that the L(19) population belongs to macrophages and the L(15) group to lymphocytes. The L(30) population appears to be associated with a special type of phagocyte with a high capacity for dextran storage. All three populations seem to contribute to the activities found in soluble form in homogenates of normal lymphoid tissues.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chromium Radioisotopes; Detergents; Dextrans; Erythrocytes; Hydrocortisone; Hydrolases; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoid Tissue; Lysosomes; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Spleen; Subcellular Fractions; Thymus Gland

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Injections; Liver; Lysosomes; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Surface-Active Agents