acid-phosphatase and cypermethrin

Alpha-cypermethrin is an isoform of cypermethrin; it is an active pyrethroid used extensively to control a wide range of pests in agriculture and animal breeding. In this study four groups of six fish were examined. The first group served as a control in fresh water alone, with no pyrethroid. The second, third and fourth groups were exposed to alpha-cypermethrin for 4, 8 and 96 h respectively. At the end of the each exposure period, the fish were sacrificed, and the required muscle tissues were collected for histological examination. The blood was drawn with heparinized needles and processed for serum enzymatic studies. Serum enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), amylase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were measured at 4, 8 and 96 h. AST enzyme activity was significantly increased at 4 h, whereas ALT and amylase enzyme activities were significantly reduced at all the time points. ACP enzyme activity was significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h, whereas GGT enzyme activity was significantly increased at all the time points. Hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolisation and degeneration, rupture of blood vessels, and necrosis was found at all time points. Congestion of blood vessels, bulging, distortion of filaments, erosion and disintegration of blood corpuscles and hyperplasia of epithelium were found in treated gills at 4, 8 and 96 h. Breakdown of muscle fibres, vacuolation and accumulation of lipids and melanin in white muscle were observed in treated fish muscle at 4, 8 and 96 h.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alanine Transaminase; Amylases; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Cyprinidae; Fish Diseases; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Gills; Insecticides; Liver; Muscles; Pyrethrins; Time Factors

Cybil, 25%EC formulation of Cypermethrin, induces biochemical changes in the liver of wistar rats after oral intubation of the same at acute (one day) and subacute (7, 14 and 21 days) levels. The changes were tallied with the controls run simultaneously. LD50 of Cybil was estimated to be 622mg/kg body weight The acute dose is 80mg/kg body weight exposed for one day i.e. 24 hours and subacute dose is 4mg/kg body weight exposed for 7, 14 and 21 days. When compared with the control values, both the doses enhanced the level of glycogen, cholesterol, total lipid and acid phosphatase activities, while decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase. Alterations in glycogen, cholesterol, total lipid, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase resulted in the impairement in liver physiology.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cholesterol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycogen; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Lipids; Liver; Pyrethrins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors

Fifteen Slovak Merino sheep were included in the experiment. The animals weighing 21-28 kg were divided into three groups per five animals. In a six-week feeding experiment the animals of group I were given 50 mg supermethrin per kg live weight per day while those of group II received 200, and from week four of the experiment 300 mg supermethrin per kg live weight per day. During the experiment changes of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), acetylcholine esterase (EC 3.1.1.7), urea und creatinine levels in blood serum were observed. Six weeks after supermethrin treatment the sheep were slaughtered and histochemical evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and non-specific esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) was carried out in liver, kidney, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the course of the experiment changes of the enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase observed in both experimental groups of sheep were similar to those seen in the control group of animals (Tab. I). As compared to the starting values, no significant changes in the activity of alanine aminotransferase were observed in group II of the experiment and in the controls. However, a significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase activity could be seen in the blood serum of sheep of group I (Tab. II). In both experimental groups of animals no significant changes in the acetylcholine esterase could be seen (Tab. III). As compared to the starting values, no significant changes were observed in creatinine levels of the control and the 1st experimental group of sheep (Tab. IV). In the sheep of the 2nd group a temporary significant decrease (p < 0.05) in creatinine levels was seen. The dynamics of urea levels was similar to starting values in all animals throughout the experiment Tab. V). In the control group of animals (Fig. 1) the high density of reaction product of alkaline phosphatase was determined in the microvilli of enterocytes of the small intestine. In the small intestine of the animals of both experimental groups, the activity of this enzyme was shown to be located in the same zone (Fig. 2). In all experimental animals in the parenchyma of the liver and kidney no significant changes could be observed. In both experimental and control animals the high activity of acid phosphatase was demonstrated to be located especially in the cytoplasma of enterocytes. The activity of non-specific esterase was located in the c

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Female; Insecticides; Male; Poisoning; Pyrethrins; Sheep; Sheep Diseases