8-11-14-eicosatrienoic-acid and eicosapentaenoic-acid-ethyl-ester

The clinical relevance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in heart failure remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PUFA levels and the prognosis of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This retrospective study included 140 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HFpEF (median age 84.0 years, 42.9% men). The patients' nutritional status was assessed, using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and their plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) were measured before discharge. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 23.3 months, the primary outcome occurred in 37 patients (26.4%). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that lower DHA and DGLA levels, but not EPA or AA levels, were significantly associated with an increase in all-cause death (log-rank;

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arachidonic Acid; Cause of Death; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Nutritional Status; Plasma; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stroke Volume

A patient with mantle cell lymphoma took 12g/day of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate for 16 months. Compared to reference values, eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids were elevated in plasma, red cells and platelets but docosahexaenoic acid levels were in the normal range. Arachidonic acid levels were moderately reduced but dihomogammalinolenic acid levels remained in the normal range. In spite of a long chain n-3 fatty acid intake higher than in most Inuit populations, arachidonic acid levels remained considerably higher in this patient than in the Inuit. The implications for understanding of fatty acid metabolism in humans are discussed.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Arachidonic Acid; Blood Platelets; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids; Humans; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Time Factors

The dietary effect of 1,3-biseicosapentaenoyl-2-gamma-linolenoyl glycerol (STG) on the fatty acid composition of guinea pigs was examined and compared with that of an eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E) and of a soybean oil (SBO) diet. In terms of content of plasma lipid, EPA-E had a greater hypolipidemic effect than STG. On the other hand, in terms of EPA incorporation, contents of EPA in liver lipid were almost the same in the STG and EPA-E groups. Considering that the amount of EPA administered in the EPA-E group was almost 1.5 times that of the STG group, EPA may be absorbed more effectively as the glycerol ester than as the ethyl ester in guinea pigs. In all the tissue lipids, the STG group had a higher unsaturation index (UI) than the EPA-E group even though there is a lower UI in the STG diet than the EPA-E diet. These results suggest that greater amounts of desaturase products as a whole were synthesized in the STG group than in the other two groups. The dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid/arachidonic acid (DGLA/AA) ratio in plasma total lipids in the STG group was 3.5 times that of SBO group, and the DGLA/AA ratio in the EPA-E group was half that of the SBO group. In liver lipid, the ratios of DGLA/AA and EPA/AA in the STG group were 0.687 and 0.488 (phosphatidylcholine fraction) and 0.237 and 0.752 (phosphatidylethanolamine fraction), respectively. The ratio of DGLA/AA as well as the high EPA/AA ratio obtained in the present study with the STG diet may lead to physiological alterations, including enhanced synthesis of 1- and 3-series eicosanoids.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diet; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Fatty Acids; Guinea Pigs; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Male; Phospholipids; Soybean Oil; Triglycerides

The antithrombotic effect of a synthetic symmetrical triglyceride having eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at positions 1 and 3, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) at position 2 was investigated. Administration of the triglyceride significantly increased thrombus formation time and thrombotic occlusion time induced by light irradiation and a fluorescent dye in guinea pigs after 14 days administration compared to that of soybean oil. The antithrombotic effect of the triglyceride was similar to that of EPA ethyl ester. Administration of the triglyceride increased GLA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and EPA contents in plasma and the liver, and the ratio of DGLA to arachidonic acid. These results might be responsible for this antithrombotic effect.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids; Fibrinolytic Agents; Fluorescein; Fluoresceins; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Light; Lipids; Liver; Male; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Mesentery; Molecular Structure; Photochemistry; Soybean Oil; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triglycerides; Venules