8-11-14-eicosatrienoic-acid and 5-9-12-octadecatrienoic-acid

Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from oily fish reduce cardiovascular disease. This may be partly due to modulation of endothelial cell (EC) inflammation. Fish stocks are declining and there is a need for sustainable alternative FAs. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and pinolenic acid (PLA) are plant-derived FAs, which can fulfil this role.. EA.hy926 cells are exposed GLA and PLA prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. GLA and PLA are incorporated into ECs, resulting in increases in long-chain derivatives produced by elongase 5, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA). Both GLA and PLA (50 µm) decrease production of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). However, decreases in these mediators are not seen after pre-treatment with GLA or PLA in elongase 5 silenced EA.hy926 cells. DGLA and ETA (10 µm) decrease EC production of sICAM-1, MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-6. All FAs reduce adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Both PLA (50 µm) and ETA (10 µm) decrease NFκBp65 phosphorylation.. These effects suggest potential for GLA, PLA and their long-chain derivatives, DGLA and ETA, as sustainable anti-inflammatory alternatives to fish-derived FAs.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Endothelial Cells; Fatty Acid Elongases; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Linolenic Acids; THP-1 Cells; Transcription Factor RelA

The influence of the preincubation of HTC cells with fatty acids of omega 6 series and columbinic acid (5t, 9c, 12c 18:3) on the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid was studied. The cells were incubated on a chemically defined medium with or without the addition of unlabeled linoleic, gamma-linolenic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, docosatetraenoic, docosapentaenoic and columbinic acids. After 24 hr of preincubation in the presence of the aforementioned fatty acids, [1-14C]eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid was added to the culture medium as the only lipidic source. Twenty-four hours later the synthesis of arachidonic acid and the fatty acid composition of the cells were determined. At 20 microM concentration the omega 6 fatty acids studied except docosapentaenoic acid produced an increase on the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid compared to the cells incubated in the absence of unlabeled fatty acids in the medium. The fatty acids added to the culture medium were incorporated into the cells and modified their fatty acid composition. Columbinic acid, with a similar structure to linoleic acid, also produced a significant increase on the conversion of eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid. These results would suggest that the effect of both, linoleic and columbinic acids, may be adscribed to their configuration and not necessarily to their transformation in higher homologs, since columbinic acid is unable to be desaturated.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Cell Line; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Linolenic Acids; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental