5-nitro-gamma-tocopherol and 3-nitrotyrosine

Nitric oxide (NO) is a lipophilic gaseous molecule synthesized by the enzymatic oxidation of L-arginine. During periods of inflammation, phagocytic cells generate copious quantities of NO and other reactive oxygen species. The combination of NO with other reactive oxygen species promotes nitration of ambient biomolecules, including protein tyrosine residues and membrane-localized gamma-tocopherol. The oxidative chemistry of NO and derived redox congeners is reviewed. Techniques are described for the determination of 3-nitro-tyrosine and 5-nitro-gamma-tocopherol in biological samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemistry; gamma-Tocopherol; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tyrosine; Vitamin E