5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 4-hydroxybenzoic-acid

Furanic and phenolic compounds are problematic compounds resulting from the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is a promising technology to convert furanic and phenolic compounds to renewable H

Topics: Biofilms; Biofuels; Biomass; Biotechnology; Electrodes; Electrolysis; Electrons; Fermentation; Furaldehyde; Gallic Acid; Hydrogen; Parabens; Vanillic Acid; Waste Management

Furanic and phenolic compounds are problematic byproducts resulting from the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass during biofuel production. The capacity of a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) to produce hydrogen gas (H2) using a mixture of two furanic (furfural, FF; 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, HMF) and three phenolic (syringic acid, SA; vanillic acid, VA; and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, HBA) compounds as the substrate in the bioanode was assessed. The rate and extent of biotransformation of the five compounds and efficiency of H2 production, as well as the structure of the anode microbial community, were investigated. The five compounds were completely transformed within 7-day batch runs and their biotransformation rate increased with increasing initial concentration. At an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L (8.7 mM) of the mixture of the five compounds, their biotransformation rate ranged from 0.85 to 2.34 mM/d. The anode Coulombic efficiency was 44-69%, which is comparable to that of wastewater-fed MECs. The H2 yield varied from 0.26 to 0.42 g H2-COD/g COD removed in the anode, and the bioanode volume-normalized H2 production rate was 0.07-0.1 L/L-d. The biotransformation of the five compounds took place via fermentation followed by exoelectrogenesis. The major identified fermentation products that did not transform further were catechol and phenol. Acetate was the direct substrate for exoelectrogenesis. Current and H2 production were inhibited at an initial substrate concentration of 1200 mg/L, resulting in acetate accumulation at a much higher level than that measured in other batch runs conducted with a lower initial concentration of the five compounds. The anode microbial community consisted of exoelectrogens, putative degraders of the five compounds, and syntrophic partners of exoelectrogens. The MEC H2 production demonstrated in this study is an alternative to the currently used process of reforming natural gas to supply H2 needed to upgrade bio-oils to stable hydrocarbon fuels.

Topics: Acetates; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biofuels; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomass; Electrodes; Electrolysis; Fermentation; Furaldehyde; Hydrogen; Parabens; Phenols

In the present study, evaluated was the paralysis activity of whole Italian and Algerian Melia azedarach, commonly known as chinaberry, fruits and parts (seeds, wood, and kernels) against Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J(2)). The paralysis activity was evaluated in vitro after 1 h and 1 day immersion periods of nematodes in test solutions. Phenolic constituent components of the extracts were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while confirmation was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array. The water extract of the Italian M. azedarach fruit pulp (IPWE) showed significant nematicidal activity (EC(50/48h) = 955 μg/mL) and among its active ingredient components were p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (EC(50/48h) = 840 and 871 μg/mL, respectively). This is the first report of the nematicidal activity of M. azedarach pulp water extract and phenolic acids against the root knot nematode M. incognita.

Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Coumaric Acids; Fruit; Melia azedarach; Parabens; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Propionates; Seeds; Tylenchoidea

To investigate the chemical constituents in water-soluble fraction of Carthamus tinctorius.. Compounds were isolated and purified by macroporus resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures were identified by spectral analysis.. Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (1); E-1-(4'-hydroxypheny) -but-1-en-3-one (2); 3-Formylindole (3); 2-Acetyl-5-hydroxymethylfuran (4); p-Hydroxycinnamic acid (5); (6R, 7E, 9R) -9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmandien-3-one (6); 4-hydroxyacetophenone (7); 5-(hydroxymethyl) -2-furaldehyde (8); 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (9); Stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10); Daucosterol (11); beta-sitosterol (12).. Compounds 1 - 4, 6, 7, 10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetophenones; Benzaldehydes; Carthamus tinctorius; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Flowers; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Indoles; Molecular Structure; Parabens; Plants, Medicinal; Propionates; Stigmasterol