Page last updated: 2024-08-18

4-butyrolactone and sodium oxybate

4-butyrolactone has been researched along with sodium oxybate in 117 studies

Research

Studies (117)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	13 (11.11)	18.7374
1990's	18 (15.38)	18.2507
2000's	39 (33.33)	29.6817
2010's	35 (29.91)	24.3611
2020's	12 (10.26)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Costentin, J; Marcais, H; Protais, P	1
Bernasconi, R; Bittiger, H; Lauber, J; Leonhardt, T; Marescaux, C; Martin, P; Reymann, N; Rubio, V; Vergnes, M	1
Snead, OC	3
Gette, MT; Marks, JE	1
Chmielewska, B; Czuczwar, SJ; Kleinrok, Z; Turski, L; Turski, WA	1
Bourguignon, JJ; Depaulis, A; Marescaux, C; Micheletti, G; Schmitt, M; Vergnes, M; Warter, JM	1
Altar, CA; Marshall, JF; O'Neil, S	1
Ferrendelli, JA; Klunk, WE; McKeon, AC	1
Goto, Y; Maeda-Hagiwara, M; Shimizu, M; Watanabe, H; Watanabe, K	1
Consolo, S; Ladinsky, H; Vezzani, A; Zatta, A	1
Baumann, KW; Kassell, NF; Olin, J; Yamada, T	1
Bowyer, JF; Winters, WD	1
Artru, AA; Michenfelder, JD; Steen, PA	1
Christensen, LP; Kristiansen, K	2
Baba, H; Ono, K; Sugai, S	1
Castagna, F; Ferrara, SD; Frison, G; Gallimberti, L; Gessa, GL; Giorgetti, R; Palatini, P; Tedeschi, L	1
Feigenbaum, JJ; Howard, SG	1
Buffet, M; Durak, C; Mathieu-Nolf, M; Rambourg-Schepens, MO	1
Gottschalk, G; Hein, S; Söhling, B; Steinbüchel, A	1
Bagnasco, T; Curry, SC; LoVecchio, F	1
Kohrs, FP; Porter, WH	1
Barkley, TM; McGovern, TW	1
McGovern, TW	1
Chronister, CW; Goldberger, BA; McCusker, RR; Paget-Wilkes, H	1
Christensen, LP	1
Aoyagi, K; Basaki, Y; Chikahisa, L; Hashimoto, A; Miyadera, K; Okabe, S; Yamada, Y; Yonekura, K	1
LeBeau, MA; Milteer, R; Schwartz, RH	1
Burmeister, SG; LeBeau, MA; Miller, ML; Montgomery, MA	1
Quang, LS; Shannon, M	1
Baselt, RC; Win, BH	1
Berkowicz, A; Druid, H; Eklund, A; Eriksson, A; Hallgren, N; Persson, SA	1
Barbaro, R; Chiaretti, A; Piastra, M; Polidori, G; Pulitanò, S; Tempera, A	1
Carter, LP; Chen, W; Coop, A; Flores, LR; France, CP; Unzeitig, AW; Wu, H	1
Belpaire, FM; Buylaert, WA; De Paepe, P; Van Sassenbroeck, DK	1
ALANO, J; BAMBERGER, I; CAHN, J; GEORGES, G; HAUSER, F; HELBECQUE, C; HEROLD, M; KABACOFF, O	1
BESSMAN, SP; SKOLNIK, SJ	1
CIER, A; JOUVET, M; MOUNIER, D; VALATX, JL	1
Bettler, B; Bräuner-Osborne, H; Cryan, JF; Froestl, W; Kaupmann, K; Klebs, K; Mombereau, C; Mosbacher, J; Sansig, G; Schmutz, M; van der Putten, H; Waldmeier, P; Wellendorph, P	1
Baker, LE; Poling, A; Pynnonen, D	1
Cuddy, ML	1
Palmer, RB	1
Morris-Kukoski, CL	1
Nelson, LS; Tarabar, AF	1
Furton, KG; Sabucedo, AJ	1
Pfeifer, HR; Stohler, R	1
Couper, FJ; Logan, BK	1
Kupferschmidt, H; Liechti, ME	1
Hennessy, SA; McDermott, SD; Moane, SM	1
Authier, N; Coudoré, F; Eschalier, A; Faict, TW; Ling, B; Richard, D	1
Carter, LP; Chen, W; Coop, A; France, CP; Koek, W; Lamb, RJ; Wu, H	1
Keel, M; Müller, V; Seebach, JD; Ulrich, S	1
Baker, LE; Brandt, AE; Poling, A; Van Tilburg, TJ	1
Greminger, P; Kunz, I; Kupferschmidt, H; Liechti, ME; Speich, R	1
Carter, LP; Coop, A; France, CP; Koek, W; Wu, H	1
Brown, PR; Froestl, W; Gibson, KM; Goodwin, AK; Griffiths, RR; Jakobs, C; Weerts, EM	1
Carter, LP; France, CP; Koek, W	1
Maher, TJ; Quang, LS; Sadasivan, S	1
Coop, A; Koek, W; Mercer, SL	1
Boje, KM; Fung, HL; Paganelli, M; Page, NA	1
Ariniemi, K; Kankaanpää, A; Liukkonen, R	1
Ashraf, T; Clarke, S; Dargan, PI; Greene, SL; Holt, DW; Ramsey, J; Shather, Z; Trivedy, C; Warren-Gash, C; Wood, DM	1
Wax, PM; Wojtowicz, JM; Yarema, MC	1
Greter, J; Knudsen, K; Verdicchio, M	1
Baker, LE; Poling, A; Pynnonen, DM; Searcy, GD	1
Brown, PR; Gibson, KM; Goodwin, AK; Jakobs, C; Jansen, EE; Weerts, EM	1
Coop, A; France, CP; Koek, W; Mercer, SL	1
Duketis, E; Holtmann, M; Maier, J; Poustka, F; Radeloff, D; Schirman, S; Wagner, A; Wöckel, L; Zepf, FD	1
Kerrigan, S; Simons, KD; Stout, PA	1
Matsushima, E; Nagayama, S; Yamamiya, I; Yoshisue, K	1
Klein, CD; Mendgen, T; Scholz, T	1
Johansen, SS; Windberg, CN	1
Bramness, JG; Haugland, S	1
Dahl, SR; Olsen, KM; Strand, DH	1
Boyd, JJ; Kuisma, MJ; Randell, TT	1
Brailsford, AD; Cowan, DA; Kicman, AT	1
Commissaris, RL; Hepler, BR; Isenschmid, DS; Jones, CM; Leavell, BJ; Marinetti, LJ	1
Kato, Y; Nomura, T; Ogita, S	2
Knudsen, K; Mégarbane, B; Schep, LJ; Slaughter, RJ; Vale, JA	1
Hasselstrøm, JB; Sørensen, LK	1
Maher, TJ; Phattanarudee, S; Towiwat, P	1
Kołodziej, M; Krajewska, A; Kwiecień-Obara, E; Majewska, M; Szponar, J	1
Morris, ME; Morse, BL	1
Choudhuri, D; Cross, S; Dargan, PI; Ranjith, G; Wood, DM	1
Auwärter, V; Hari, Y; König, S; Schröck, A; Schürch, S; Weinmann, W	1
Chebib, M; Hunt, GE; McGregor, IS; van Nieuwenhuijzen, PS	1
Gladh, SÅ; Johansen, SS; Jones, AW; Windberg, CN	1
Claridge, H; Corazza, O; Corkery, JM; Elliott, S; Goodair, C; Loi, B; Schifano, F	1
Bourne, A; Hickson, F; Reid, D; Steinberg, P; Torres-Rueda, S; Weatherburn, P	1
Bosch, OG; Seifritz, E	1
Chen, TH; Hsu, HY; Wu, SP	1
Beurmanjer, H; Dijkstra, BA; Kamal, RM; Schellekens, A; van Noorden, MS; Wannet, W	1
Busardò, FP; Kyriakou, C; Marchei, E; Pacifici, R; Pedersen, DS; Pichini, S	1
Chevillard, L; Dargan, P; Dines, AM; Eyer, F; Galicia, M; Giraudon, I; Heyerdahl, F; Homar, C; Hovda, KE; Jürgens, G; Kabata, PM; Lee, C; Liakoni, E; Liechti, M; Markey, G; Mégarbane, B; Miró, Ò; Moughty, A; O'Connor, N; O'Donohoe, P; Paasma, R; Pedersen, CB; Persett, PS; Põld, K; Puiguriguer, J; Rabe, C; Sein Anand, J; Vallersnes, OM; Waring, WS; Wood, DM; Yates, C	1
Kliner, M; Tomkins, A; Vivancos, R; Ward, C	1
Aroney, R; Cosgrove, C; Dore, E; Hegazi, A; Hempling, M; Morton, S; Pakianathan, M	1
Claridge, H; Corkery, JM; Goodair, C; Loi, B; Schifano, F	1
Desai, M; Edmundson, C; Glass, R; Heinsbroek, E; Hope, V; Mohammed, H; White, M	1
Pettigrew, M	1
Busardò, FP; Gottardi, M; Marinelli, E; Minutillo, A; Sirignano, A; Tini, A; Zaami, S	1
Dargan, PI; Dines, AM; Galicia, M; Giraudon, I; Heyerdahl, F; Hovda, KE; Miró, Ò; Wood, DM; Yates, C	1
Delic, M	1
Gresnigt, FMJ; van Helmond, LPFM	1
Alhéritière, A; Lapostolle, F	1
Blanc, PD; Conner, S; Gerona, R; Goodnough, R; Melamed, J; Takamoto, P	1
De Vries, HJC; Drückler, S; Speulman, J; van Rooijen, M	1
Chao, YL; Chen, GY; Chen, JY; Chen, LY; Fang, CC; Mou, CW; Weng, TI	1
Archer, JRH; Dargan, PI; Dines, AM; Greene, SL; Harnett, JT; Hunter, LJ; Wood, DM	1
Blakeslee, K; Kharel, MK; Osinaga, FO; Victor Hsia, S; Waguespack, Y	1
Honeychurch, KC; Procida, A	1
Dargan, PI; Dines, AM; Erik Hovda, K; Eyer, F; Geith, S; Giraudon, I; Heier, EC; Heyerdahl, F; Liechti, ME; Miró, Ò; Rabe, C; Vallersnes, OM; Wood, DM; Yates, C; Zellner, T	1
Gao, ZX; Luo, QZ; Pei, MQ; Wang, HJ; Yue, X; Zhang, L	1
Brett, J; Ezard, N; Freeman, G; Lindsey, R; Roberts, DM; Rodgers, C; Siefried, KJ	1
Bargel, S; Bonnet, A; Boukerma, AK; Chevallier, C; Dufayet, L; Evrard, M; Guillotin, S; Loeuillet, E; Paradis, C; Pouget, AM; Reynoard, J; Vaucel, JA	1

Reviews

22 review(s) available for 4-butyrolactone and sodium oxybate

Article	Year
Gamma hydroxybutyrate is not a GABA agonist. Progress in neurobiology, 1996, Volume: 50, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Central Nervous System; Convulsants; Electroencephalography; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Mammals; Muscle Contraction; Picrotoxin; Rabbits; Rats; Receptors, GABA; Respiration; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate	1996
Gamma butyrolactone poisoning and its similarities to gamma hydroxybutyric acid: two case reports. Veterinary and human toxicology, 1997, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Humans; Infant; Male; Sodium Oxybate; Suicide, Attempted	1997
Drug-facilitated sexual assault ('date rape'). Southern medical journal, 2000, Volume: 93, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Female; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Rape; Sodium Oxybate	2000
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, and 1,4-butanediol: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatric emergency care, 2000, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Butylene Glycols; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Humans; Lorazepam; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome	2000
[GHB--dangerous, addictive and uncontrollable "party drug"]. Lakartidningen, 2001, Sep-19, Volume: 98, Issue:38 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Butylene Glycols; Drug and Narcotic Control; Fatal Outcome; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders	2001
Common drugs of abuse--Part II. The Journal of practical nursing, 2004,Spring, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Catha; Designer Drugs; Dibenzothiazepines; Diterpenes; Diterpenes, Clerodane; DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine; Drug and Narcotic Control; Flunitrazepam; Hallucinogens; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Methamphetamine; Motivation; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Phencyclidine; Phenylpropanolamine; Piperazines; Psilocybin; Quetiapine Fumarate; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders; United States	2004
Gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol: abused analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Toxicological reviews, 2004, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Body Temperature Regulation; Butylene Glycols; GABA Modulators; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2004
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: bridging the clinical-analytical gap. Toxicological reviews, 2004, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chromatography, Gas; GABA Modulators; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Abuse Detection	2004
The gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome. Toxicological reviews, 2004, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2004
[Is GHB use in Switzerland on the rise?]. Praxis, 2004, Jul-28, Volume: 93, Issue:31-32 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Administration, Oral; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Brain; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Substance-Related Disorders; Switzerland; Time Factors	2004
Withdrawal from gamma-hydroxybutyrate, 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone: a case report and systematic review. CJEM, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Butylene Glycols; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Rhabdomyolysis; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2008
[Withdrawal syndrome after abuse of GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate) and its physiological precursors - its relevance for child and adolescent psychiatrists]. Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 2009, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Butylene Glycols; Child; Critical Care; Delusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Interactions; Humans; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2009
[Abuse of γ-hydroxybutyrate]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2011, Nov-01, Volume: 131, Issue:21 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Citric Acid Cycle; Drug Overdose; Europe; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Norway; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2011
The clinical toxicology of γ-hydroxybutyrate, γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2012, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Antidotes; Butylene Glycols; Charcoal; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tissue Distribution	2012
[Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its lactone (GBL) as psychoactive substances]. Przeglad lekarski, 2012, Volume: 69, Issue:8 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acidosis; Amnesia, Retrograde; Drug Overdose; Euphoria; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders	2012
Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD; BDO): A literature review with a focus on UK fatalities related to non-medical use. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2015, Volume: 53 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Female; Humans; Male; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom	2015
The behavioural profile of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol in humans. Brain research bulletin, 2016, Volume: 126, Issue:Pt 1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Humans; Sexual Behavior; Social Behavior; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2016
Pharmacological Treatment in γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) Dependence: Detoxification and Relapse Prevention. CNS drugs, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Secondary Prevention; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders	2017
Deaths in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender United Kingdom Communities Associated with GHB and Precursors. Current drug metabolism, 2018, Volume: 19, Issue:13 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Death; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Prodrugs; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sodium Oxybate; United Kingdom	2018
Sexualised drug use in the United Kingdom (UK): A review of the literature. The International journal on drug policy, 2018, Volume: 55 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Methamphetamine; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom; Unsafe Sex	2018
Replacing GHB with GBL in Recreational Settings: A New Trend in Chemsex. Current drug metabolism, 2018, Volume: 19, Issue:13 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Prodrugs; Sexual Behavior; Sodium Oxybate	2018
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD), and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) intoxication: A state-of-the-art review. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2023, Volume: 142 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2023

Other Studies

95 other study(ies) available for 4-butyrolactone and sodium oxybate

Article	Year
Hypersensitivity of the climbing behaviour response to apomorphine induced by a short depression of dopaminergic neurone activity. Neuropharmacology, 1979, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Apomorphine; Baclofen; Cycloheximide; Dopamine; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Neurons; Sodium Oxybate	1979
Experimental absence seizures: potential role of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and GABAB receptors. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum, 1992, Volume: 35 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Cyclic GMP; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Absence; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium Oxybate; Valproic Acid	1992
The gamma-hydroxybutyrate model of absence seizures: correlation of regional brain levels of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone with spike wave discharges. Neuropharmacology, 1991, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate	1991
Effect of gamma-crotonolactone in experimental models of generalized absence seizures. Brain research, 1991, Mar-08, Volume: 543, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Electroencephalography; Furans; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Time Factors	1991
Tulip fingers. Archives of dermatology, 1990, Volume: 126, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Aged; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Female; Fingers; Glycosides; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Plants; Sodium Oxybate	1990
Modification of the anticonvulsant activity of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate by agents affecting different neurotransmitter systems. Neuropharmacology, 1985, Volume: 24, Issue:10 Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Baclofen; Brain; Drug Interactions; Male; Mice; Muscimol; Neurotransmitter Agents; Sodium Oxybate; Synaptic Transmission; Valine	1985
Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone derivates on spontaneous generalized non-convulsive seizures in the rat. Neuropharmacology, 1988, Volume: 27, Issue:7 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Furans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Oxybate	1988
Sensorimotor impairment and elevated levels of dopamine metabolites in the neostriatum occur rapidly after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine or gamma-hydroxybutyrate in awake rats. Neuropharmacology, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Biotransformation; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxydopamines; Male; Microinjections; Oxidopamine; Procaine; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Oxybate; Substantia Nigra	1984
Effects of alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactones and succinimides on the evoked and spontaneous activity of hippocampal slices in vitro. Experimental neurology, 1983, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Evoked Potentials; Female; Furans; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Sodium Oxybate; Succinimides	1983
gamma-butyrolactone enhances the activity of GABA in the gastric acid secretion of anesthetized rats. Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anesthesia; Animals; Diazepam; Drug Synergism; Furans; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gastric Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Oxybate	1983
Mode of action of gamma-butyrolactone on the central cholinergic system. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 322, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Furans; Rats; Sodium Oxybate	1983
The effects of gammahydroxybutyric acid on canine cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Journal of neurosurgery, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Hydroxybutyrates; Oxygen Consumption; Sodium Oxybate	1982
The effects of various anesthetics on amygdaloid kindled seizures. Neuropharmacology, 1981, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Amygdala; Anesthetics; Animals; Central Nervous System; Electroencephalography; Hydroxybutyrates; Ketamine; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Phencyclidine; Rats; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate	1981
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate: cerebral metabolic, vascular, and protective effects. Journal of neurochemistry, 1980, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Furans; Hydroxybutyrates; Hypoxia; Male; Mice; Oxygen; Sodium Oxybate	1980
A simple HPLC method for the isolation and quantification of the allergens tuliposide A and tulipalin A in Alstroemeria. Contact dermatitis, 1995, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Allergens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis, Contact; Glycosides; Humans; Plants; Sodium Oxybate	1995
The ontogeny of [3H]gamma-hydroxybutyrate and [3H]GABAB binding sites: relation to the development of experimental absence seizures. Brain research, 1994, Oct-03, Volume: 659, Issue:1-2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Binding Sites; Electrophysiology; Epilepsy, Absence; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate; Tritium	1994
A new chronic model of spontaneous nonconvulsive generalized seizures. The Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology, 1993, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Callosum; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Absence; Epilepsy, Generalized; Ethosuximide; Evoked Potentials; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Phenytoin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Valproic Acid	1993
Therapeutic gamma-hydroxybutyric acid monitoring in plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 1993, Volume: 11, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Alcoholism; Drug Monitoring; Ethanol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Regression Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1993
Biosynthesis of poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. FEMS microbiology letters, 1997, Aug-15, Volume: 153, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase; Acyltransferases; Coenzyme A-Transferases; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Glucose; Hydroxybutyrates; Lactones; Levulinic Acids; Polyesters; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sodium Oxybate; Succinates; Valerates	1997
Butyrolactone-induced central nervous system depression after ingestion of RenewTrient, a "dietary supplement". The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Sep-17, Volume: 339, Issue:12 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Central Nervous System; Depression, Chemical; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Sleep; Sodium Oxybate	1998
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate intoxication and overdose. Annals of emergency medicine, 1999, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Overdose; Emergencies; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Sodium Oxybate	1999
Botanical briefs: Peruvian lily--Alstroemeria (L.) spp. Cutis, 1999, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Glycosides; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hydrolysis; Magnoliopsida; Occupational Exposure; Sodium Oxybate	1999
Isolation and quantification of tuliposides and tulipalins in tulips (Tulipa) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Contact dermatitis, 1999, Volume: 40, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Allergens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glucosides; Glycosides; Plants; Sodium Oxybate	1999
Alstroemeria L. (Peruvian lily). American journal of contact dermatitis : official journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society, 1999, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Glucosides; Glycosides; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Patch Tests; Plant Extracts; Plants; Sodium Oxybate	1999
Analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of analytical toxicology, 1999, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate	1999
Direct release of the allergen tulipalin A from Alstroemeria cut flowers: a possible source of airborne contact dermatitis? Contact dermatitis, 1999, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Air Pollution, Indoor; Allergens; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycosides; Humans; Plants; Sodium Oxybate	1999
[Anti-angiogenic activities of UFT and its metabolites, GHB and GBL, in the dorsal air sac (DAS) model in mice]. Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, 2000, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Sodium Oxybate; Stomach Neoplasms; Tegafur; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Uracil	2000
Analysis of biofluids for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) by headspace GC-FID and GC-MS. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2000, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Female; Forensic Medicine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Abuse Detection	2000
Apparent suicide with Renewtrient. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 2000, Volume: 38, Issue:7 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Oxybate; Suicide	2000
Pulmonary oedema caused by "liquid ecstasy" ingestion. Archives of disease in childhood, 2002, Volume: 86, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Child, Preschool; Coma; Humans; Male; Paint; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Insufficiency; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents	2002
The role of GABAB receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in rats: time course and antagonism studies. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 305, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food; GABA Agonists; GABA Modulators; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Kinetics; Male; Muscimol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, GABA-B; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reinforcement, Psychology; Sodium Oxybate	2003
Characterization of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between gamma-hydroxybutyrate and ethanol in the rat. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2003, Volume: 73, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Ethanol; Illicit Drugs; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Pain; Postural Balance; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex, Startle; Sleep; Sodium Oxybate	2003
[Comparative preliminary pharmacological study of sodium 4-hydroxybutyrate and the D and L forms of alpha-hydroxy beta, beta-dimethyl-gamma-butyrolactone]. Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1960, Volume: 1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butyrates; Gamma Rays; L Forms; Psychopharmacology; Sodium; Sodium Oxybate	1960
GAMMA HYDROXYBUTYRATE AND GAMMA BUTYROLACTONE: CONCENTRATION IN RAT TISSUES DURING ANESTHESIA. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1964, Mar-06, Volume: 143, Issue:3610 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Brain; Butyrates; Heart; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Lactones; Liver; Metabolism; Muscles; Rats; Research; Sleep; Sodium Oxybate	1964
[Effect of sodium 4-hydroxybutyrate and 4-butyrolactone on cat EEG and behavior]. Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie et de ses filiales, 1961, Volume: 155 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Behavior; Butyrates; Cats; Electroencephalography; Felis; Humans; Lactones; Sodium; Sodium Oxybate	1961
Specific gamma-hydroxybutyrate-binding sites but loss of pharmacological effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in GABA(B)(1)-deficient mice. The European journal of neuroscience, 2003, Volume: 18, Issue:10 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Autoradiography; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Benzocycloheptenes; Binding, Competitive; Body Weight; Brain; Cell Membrane; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electrochemistry; Electroencephalography; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phenols; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, GABA-B; Sodium Oxybate; Time Factors	2003
Influence of reinforcer type and route of administration on gamma-hydroxybutyrate discrimination in rats. Psychopharmacology, 2004, Volume: 174, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Ethanol; Food; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement, Psychology; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Water	2004
Extractionless GC/MS analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone with trifluoroacetic anhydride and heptafluoro-1-butanol from aqueous samples. Journal of separation science, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acetic Anhydrides; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Beverages; Butanols; Fluorine Compounds; Fluoroacetates; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Molecular Structure; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Substance Abuse Detection; Trifluoroacetic Acid	2004
Addicted to driving under the influence--a GHB/GBL case report. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2004, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Automobile Driving; Behavior; GABA Modulators; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders	2004
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL): analysis of overdose cases reported to the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre. Swiss medical weekly, 2004, Sep-04, Volume: 134, Issue:35-36 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adolescent; Adult; Drug Overdose; Female; Humans; Male; Sodium Oxybate; Switzerland	2004
The reactivity of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic solutions. Journal of forensic sciences, 2004, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Alcoholic Beverages; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coffee; Ethanol; Ethyl Ethers; Forensic Medicine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methanol; Methyl Ethers; Sodium Oxybate; Tea	2004
GC/MS profiling of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and precursors in various animal tissues using automatic solid-phase extraction. Preliminary investigations of its potential interest in postmortem interval determination. Analytical chemistry, 2005, Mar-01, Volume: 77, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animal Structures; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Calibration; Central Nervous System; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Male; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Solid Phase Extraction; Temperature; Time Factors	2005
Discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in rats discriminating GHB from baclofen and diazepam. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2005, Volume: 314, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Baclofen; Benzocycloheptenes; Benzylamines; Butylene Glycols; Diazepam; Discrimination, Psychological; Dithiothreitol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA Modulators; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate	2005
Sudden leg paralysis in a 26-year-old nurse. Swiss medical weekly, 2005, Apr-02, Volume: 135, Issue:13-14 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Female; Humans; Leg; Nurses; Paralysis; Rhabdomyolysis; Sodium Oxybate	2005
Discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its metabolic precursor, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in rats. Psychopharmacology, 2005, Volume: 181, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Generalization, Stimulus; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Phencyclidine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate	2005
Clinical features of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone toxicity and concomitant drug and alcohol use. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2006, Feb-28, Volume: 81, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bradycardia; Case-Control Studies; Coma; Drug Overdose; Female; Humans; Hypothermia; Male; Opioid-Related Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents	2006
Discriminative stimulus effects of flumazenil: perceptual masking by baclofen, and lack of substitution with gamma-hydroxybutyrate and its precursors 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone. Behavioural pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Baclofen; Benzocycloheptenes; Butylene Glycols; Columbidae; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA Modulators; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sodium Oxybate	2006
Chronic intragastric administration of gamma-butyrolactone produces physical dependence in baboons. Psychopharmacology, 2006, Volume: 189, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Catheters, Indwelling; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Food; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Male; Motor Skills; Muscle Relaxation; Organophosphorus Compounds; Papio anubis; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, GABA-B; Sleep; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors	2006
Lack of effects of GHB precursors GBL and 1,4-BD following i.c.v. administration in rats. The European journal of neuroscience, 2006, Volume: 24, Issue:9 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Butylene Glycols; GABA Agonists; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate	2006
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) reduce the volume of cerebral infarction in rodent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006, Volume: 1074 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Cerebral Arterial Diseases; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate	2006
Cataleptic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), its precursor gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and GABAB receptor agonists in mice: differential antagonism by the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348. Psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 192, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Baclofen; Catalepsy; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Narcolepsy; Organophosphorus Compounds; Receptors, GABA-B; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders	2007
An interactive lesson in acid/base and pro-drug chemistry using sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate and commercial test coasters. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2007, Jun-15, Volume: 71, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Beverages; Butylene Glycols; Education, Pharmacy; Female; Humans; Male; Prodrugs; Reagent Strips; Sodium Oxybate	2007
Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors in blood and urine samples: a salting-out approach. Forensic science international, 2007, Aug-06, Volume: 170, Issue:2-3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Oxybate; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Substance Abuse Detection	2007
Medical and legal confusion surrounding gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD). QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians, 2008, Volume: 101, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Aged; Butylene Glycols; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders	2008
High mortality rates among GHB abusers in Western Sweden. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2008, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Butylene Glycols; Cause of Death; Female; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Police; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Sweden	2008
Differentiating the discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and ethanol in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure in rats. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2008, Volume: 89, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Baclofen; Benzocycloheptenes; Butylene Glycols; Discrimination, Psychological; Ethanol; Flunitrazepam; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA Modulators; Ketamine; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium Oxybate	2008
Behavioral effects and pharmacokinetics of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) in baboons. Psychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 204, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Area Under Curve; Behavior, Animal; Butylene Glycols; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food; GABA Modulators; Male; Motor Skills; Papio; Prodrugs; Reward; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders	2009
Behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, its precursor gamma-butyrolactone, and GABA(B) receptor agonists: time course and differential antagonism by the GABA(B) receptor antagonist 3-aminopropyl(diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP35348). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2009, Volume: 330, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Baclofen; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Injections, Intramuscular; Kinetics; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sodium Oxybate	2009
Quantitative analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate at endogenous concentrations in hair using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of forensic sciences, 2010, Mar-01, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Chromatography, Liquid; Forensic Toxicology; Hair; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2010
Formation pathways of gamma-butyrolactone from the furan ring of tegafur during its conversion to 5-fluorouracil. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2010, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Aldehydes; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Butanols; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytosol; DNA, Complementary; Fluorouracil; Furans; Humans; Liver; Microsomes, Liver; Phenylhydrazines; Sodium Oxybate; Tegafur; Thymidine Phosphorylase	2010
Structure-activity relationships of tulipalines, tuliposides, and related compounds as inhibitors of MurA. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2010, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Sodium Oxybate; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tulipa	2010
Simultaneous determination of γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogues (GBL, 1.4-BD, GVL) in whole blood and urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2011, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Lactones; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2011
Determination of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), pregabalin, 1,4-butane-diol (1,4BD) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) in whole blood and urine samples by UPLC-MSMS. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2012, Feb-15, Volume: 885-886 Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Pregabalin; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2012
Temporal differences in γ-hydroxybutyrate overdoses involving injecting drug users versus recreational drug users in Helsinki: a retrospective study. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 20 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Drug Overdose; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Finland; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Substance-Related Disorders; Urban Population; Young Adult	2012
Pharmacokinetic properties of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in whole blood, serum, and urine. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2012, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Administration, Oral; Adult; Calibration; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Male; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Young Adult	2012
Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and gamma valerolactone (GVL): similarities and differences in their effects on the acoustic startle reflex and the conditioned enhancement of startle in the rat. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2012, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Brain; Conditioning, Classical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lactones; Male; Prodrugs; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-B; Reflex, Startle; Sodium Oxybate	2012
A novel lactone-forming carboxylesterase: molecular identification of a tuliposide A-converting enzyme in tulip. Plant physiology, 2012, Volume: 159, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Amino Acid Sequence; Carboxylesterase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Esterification; Flowers; Glycosides; Lactones; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Plant Proteins; Plastids; Recombinant Proteins; Sodium Oxybate; Substrate Specificity; Tulipa	2012
A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of γ-hydroxybutyrate and its precursors in forensic whole blood. Forensic science international, 2012, Oct-10, Volume: 222, Issue:1-3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Chromatography, Liquid; Citrates; Drug Stability; Fixatives; Forensic Toxicology; Humans; Limit of Detection; Oxalates; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium Fluoride; Sodium Oxybate; Solid Phase Extraction; Specimen Handling; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2012
Comparative study of equimolar doses of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) on catalepsy after acute and chronic administration. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2013, Volume: 51 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Area Under Curve; Butylene Glycols; Catalepsy; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Sodium Oxybate; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Chronic	2013
Effects of monocarboxylate transporter inhibition on the oral toxicokinetics/toxicodynamics of γ-hydroxybutyrate and γ-butyrolactone. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 345, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Absorption; Administration, Oral; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Overdose; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Lactic Acid; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Insufficiency; Sodium Oxybate	2013
Psychiatric aspects of acute withdrawal from gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogue gamma-butyrolactone (GBL): implications for psychiatry services in the general hospital. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2013, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Anxiety; Disease Management; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Hospitals, General; Humans; Male; Mental Health Services; Psychomotor Agitation; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Symptom Assessment	2013
Pharmacokinetics of GHB and detection window in serum and urine after single uptake of a low dose of GBL - an experiment with two volunteers. Drug testing and analysis, 2014, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2014
Regional Fos-expression induced by γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB): comparison with γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and effects of co-administration of the GABAB antagonist SCH 50911 and putative GHB antagonist NCS-382. Neuroscience, 2014, Sep-26, Volume: 277 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Benzocycloheptenes; Brain; Cell Count; Central Nervous System Agents; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Morpholines; Motor Activity; Neurons; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Random Allocation; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Oxybate	2014
Stability of γ-Hydroxybutyrate in Blood Samples from Impaired Drivers after Storage at 4°C and Comparison of GC-FID-GBL and LC-MS-MS Methods of Analysis. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2015, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Chromatography, Liquid; Driving Under the Influence; Flame Ionization; Humans; Refrigeration; Sodium Oxybate; Specimen Handling; Substance Abuse Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2015
"Chemsex" and harm reduction need among gay men in South London. The International journal on drug policy, 2015, Volume: 26, Issue:12 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Drug Overdose; Harm Reduction; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; London; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Needs Assessment; Self Medication; Sexual Behavior; Sodium Oxybate; Young Adult	2015
The detection of multiple illicit street drugs in liquid samples by direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled to Q-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic science international, 2016, Volume: 267 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Amphetamines; Beverages; Chromatography, Gas; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; Methamphetamine; Nitrazepam; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2016
Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for determination of GHB, precursors and metabolites in different specimens: Application to clinical and forensic cases. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2017, Apr-15, Volume: 137 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Forensic Sciences; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hair; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Illicit Drugs; Male; Methanol; Middle Aged; Plasma; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2017
Intoxication by gamma hydroxybutyrate and related analogues: Clinical characteristics and comparison between pure intoxication and that combined with other substances of abuse. Toxicology letters, 2017, Aug-05, Volume: 277 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Consciousness; Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose; Emergency Service, Hospital; Europe; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Motor Activity; Prospective Studies; Respiration, Artificial; Severity of Illness Index; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome	2017
How can those engaging in chemsex best be supported? An online survey to gain intelligence in Greater Manchester. International journal of STD & AIDS, 2018, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Coinfection; Harm Reduction; Hepatitis C; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Internet; London; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Unsafe Sex; Young Adult	2018
A novel sexual health referral pathway for patients presenting to the emergency department with gamma-hydroxybutyrate or gamma-butyrolactone overdose. International journal of STD & AIDS, 2017, Volume: 28, Issue:14 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Bisexuality; Drug Overdose; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Pilot Projects; Referral and Consultation; Sexual Health; Sodium Oxybate	2017
Somnophilia and Sexual Abuse through the Administration of GHB and GBL. Journal of forensic sciences, 2019, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Coma; Drug Overdose; Homicide; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Paraphilic Disorders; Rape; Sodium Oxybate	2019
One-Step Enzymatic Synthesis of 1-Tuliposide A Using Tuliposide-Converting Enzyme. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2019, Volume: 188, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Catalysis; Enzymes; Genes, Plant; Glycosides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Plant Leaves; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sodium Oxybate; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tulipa	2019
Clinical relevance of ethanol coingestion in patients with GHB/GBL intoxication. Toxicology letters, 2019, Oct-10, Volume: 314 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Aggression; Alcohol Drinking; Consciousness; Consciousness Disorders; Emergency Service, Hospital; Ethanol; Europe; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Intensive Care Units; Length of Stay; Male; Patient Admission; Registries; Risk Factors; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors; Young Adult	2019
Inpatient management of GHB/GBL withdrawal. Psychiatria Danubina, 2019, Volume: 31, Issue:Suppl 3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Humans; Inpatients; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2019
Safety of withholding intubation in gamma-hydroxybutyrate- and gamma-butyrolactone-intoxicated coma patients in the emergency department. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine, 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Coma; Emergency Service, Hospital; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate	2020
To intubate or not intubate, that is still the question! European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine, 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Coma; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Sodium Oxybate	2020
Gamma-Butyrolactone Overdose Potentially Complicated by Co-Ingestion of Industrial Solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2021, Mar-12, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Eating; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrrolidinones; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents	2021
Sexual consent and chemsex: a quantitative study on sexualised drug use and non-consensual sex among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Sexually transmitted infections, 2021, Volume: 97, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Recreational Drug Use; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexual Behavior; Sodium Oxybate; Surveys and Questionnaires	2021
Characteristics of patients with analytically confirmed γ-hydroxybutyric acid/γ-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL)-related emergency department visits in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi, 2021, Volume: 120, Issue:10 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Taiwan	2021
Increasing emergency department attendances in central London with methamphetamine toxicity and associated harms. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2022, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Aged; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; London; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate	2022
Method validation of gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid detection upon Herpes Simplex Virus-Type 1 infection using LC-MRM-MS with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2022, Feb-20, Volume: 210 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Hydroxybutyrates; Phenylhydrazines; Simplexvirus; Sodium Oxybate	2022
Smartphone-based colorimetric determination of gamma-butyrolactone and gamma-hydroxybutyrate in alcoholic beverage samples. Journal of forensic sciences, 2022, Volume: 67, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Alcoholic Beverages; Colorimetry; Smartphone; Sodium Oxybate	2022
Clinical effect of ethanol co-use in patients with acute drug toxicity involving the use of central nervous system depressant recreational drugs. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine, 2022, Aug-01, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Alcohol Drinking; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Ethanol; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Sodium Oxybate	2022
Detection of Exogenous γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Rat Blood Exosomes. Fa yi xue za zhi, 2022, Apr-25, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Exosomes; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2022
Inpatient GHB withdrawal management in an inner-city hospital in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective medical record review. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Baclofen; Delirium; Diazepam; Female; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Medical Records; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	2023