3-nitrotyrosine and galangin

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of various cancers. However, cisplatin can induce nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, limiting its dosage and usage. Galangin, a natural flavonol, has been found to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Here, we investigated the effects of galangin on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and its molecular mechanisms in mice. Galangin administration reduced the cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by decreasing renal MDA and 3-NT formations. Galangin administration also increased renal anti-oxidative enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, and CAT) and GSH levels depleted by cisplatin. Furthermore, galangin administration inactivated stress-induced Nrf2 protein and its downstream products, HO-1 and GCLC. In terms of the inflammatory response, galangin administration reduced IκBα phosphorylation, NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and then inhibited cisplatin-induced secretions of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, cisplatin-induced ERK and p38 phosphorylations were inhibited by galangin administration. In terms of cell death, galangin administration reduced levels of p53, pro-apoptotic Bax and activated caspase-3 to inhibit the cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Galangin administration also reduced the expression levels of RIP1 and RIP3 to inhibit cisplatin-induced RIP1/RIP3-dependent necroptosis. Therefore, galangin administration significantly ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death through inhibitions of ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Galangin might be a potential adjuvant for clinical cisplatin therapy.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cisplatin; Cytokines; Cytoprotection; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Flavonoids; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Heme Oxygenase-1; Inflammation Mediators; Kidney; Male; Malondialdehyde; Membrane Proteins; Mice, Inbred BALB C; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction; Tyrosine