3-nitrotyrosine and acteoside

In farm animals, oxidative stress can be involved in several intestinal pathological disorders, and many antioxidant molecules, especially those of plant origin, can counteract free radicals, thus stabilizing the gut environment and enhancing health. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the use of verbascoside (VB), a polyphenol plant compound, in pig feeding could modulate oxidative and/or nitrosative stress in the gut. Eighteen male piglets (Dalland) were assigned to two groups, which were fed with either a control diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg of verbascoside (VB) for 166 days. At slaughter, duodenum and jejunum specimens were collected. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed on the samples to evaluate free radical adducts, including acrolein (ACR), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdg) and nitrotyrosine (NT). A KRL test was also used to assess the total blood antioxidant activity, and no difference was observed. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that dietary treatment decreased the levels of nitrotyrosine in enteroendocrine cell populations(P<0.05). Characterization of the enteroendocrine cell typology was then performed, and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were revealed to be directly involved in decreasing the nitrosative stress status. This preliminary study demonstrates the important role of dietary VB in decreasing stress biomarkers in swine gut, thus highlighting a possible intervention aimed at building a large prospective for antioxidant dietary supplementation in food animal species.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Acrolein; Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Deoxyguanosine; Diet; Diet Therapy; Duodenum; Free Radicals; Glucosides; Jejunum; Male; Nitrosation; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Swine; Tyrosine

In this study we evaluated the effect of glycosylated phenylpropanoid verbascoside (VB), isolated from cultured cells of the medicinal plant Syringa vulgaris (Oleaceae) in experimental animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. SCI in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, tissue damage, and apoptosis. At 1 and 6 h after injury, the mice were treated with VB extract, administered at the dose of 2 mg/kg with intraperitoneal administration. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase on expression for nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, poly(ADP-ribose), and apoptosis events (increase of Bax and Bcl-2 expression) in the spinal cord tissue. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the cytokines expression (TNF-α and IL-1β), neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase), and activation of NF-κB. In contrast, all of these parameters of inflammation were attenuated by treatment with VB. In a separate set of experiment, we have clearly demonstrated that VB treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with VB extract reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Blotting, Western; Cell Culture Techniques; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Glucosides; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Syringa; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tyrosine