3-4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic-acid and hesperetin

This study was performed to compare the hypolipidemic and antioxidant efficacy of hesperetin and its metabolites in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. The hamsters were fed a high-fat (10% coconut oil and 0.2% cholesterol, wt/wt) diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with hesperetin (0.02%) or hesperetin metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (DHPP) (0.012%) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid) (0.013%), for 12 weeks. Dietary DHPP and ferulic acid were found to have significantly decreased the levels of the plasma total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B, hepatic lipids, and cholesterol-regulating enzymes compared to the control group. In particular, ferulic acid was more potent with respect to raising HDL-C/total cholesterol ratio and paraoxonase levels while decreasing atherogenic index values. Hesperetin and its metabolites seemed to enhance antioxidant capacity by lowering the hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substrates) levels. Among the hesperetin metabolites tested, the relative potency of ferulic acid for reducing the risks of atherosclerosis in hamsters was found to be greater.

Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antioxidants; Caffeic Acids; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Coumaric Acids; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Hesperidin; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Mesocricetus

Hesperetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that has hypolipidemic properties.. Male rats were fed a 1 g/100 g high-cholesterol diet for 5 weeks along with hesperetin (0.02%, 0.066 mmol/100 g diet) and hesperetin metabolites. The hesperetin metabolites, m-hydroxycinnamic acid (m-HC), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3,4-DHPP), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid), were supplemented based on an equivalent amount of hesperetin.. The supplementation of hesperetin and its metabolites significantly lowered the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared to the control group. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activities were significantly lower in the hesperetin and its metabolite supplemented groups than in the control group. The excretion of acidic sterol was significantly higher in the hesperetin, m-HC, 3,4-DHPP, and ferulic acid supplemented groups than in the control group.. These results demonstrated that the hesperetin metabolites played as potent a role as hesperetin in plasma lipid-lowering activities in vivo, and further suggest that cholesterol biosynthesis and esterification were concomitantly reduced by hesperetin and its metabolites, as indicated by the decreased HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities.

Topics: Animals; Caffeic Acids; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Coumaric Acids; Hesperidin; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Lipids; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sterol O-Acyltransferase; Triglycerides