24-25-dihydroxyvitamin-d-3 and seocalcitol

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress promote endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Since vitamin D has been shown in several studies to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, we examined the effects of vitamin D on ER stress and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. ER stress was measured using the placental secreted alkaline phosphatase assay and oxidative stress was measured by hydroethidine fluorescence. Expression of ER stress markers, including glucose-regulated protein 78, c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation, as well as X-box binding protein-1 splicing were measured in tunicamycin (TM)-treated human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Calcitriol; Cell Survival; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; Gene Expression; Glucose; Heat-Shock Proteins; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorylation; Receptors, Calcitriol; Tunicamycin; Vitamin D; X-Box Binding Protein 1