2-4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and hydroquinone

Carbonyl compounds in E-cigarette smoke mist were measured using coupled silica cartridges impregnated with hydroquinone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A total of 363 E-cigarettes (13 brands) were examined. Four of the 13 E-cigarette brands did not generate any carbonyl compounds, while the other nine E-cigarette brands generated various carbonyl compounds. However, the carbonyl concentrations of the E-cigarette products did not show typical distributions, and the mean values were largely different from the median values. It was elucidated that E-cigarettes incidentally generate high concentrations of carbonyl compounds.

Topics: Aldehydes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrical Equipment and Supplies; Hydroquinones; Phenylhydrazines; Silicon Dioxide; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices

A new method for the determination of acrolein and other carbonyls in cigarette smoke using a dual cartridge system has been developed. Each cartridge consists of reagent-impregnated silica particles. The first contains hydroquinone (HQ) for the inhibition of acrolein polymerization, while the second contains 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) for the derivatization of carbonyls. Smoke samples were firstly drawn through the cartridge containing HQ-impregnated silica (HQ-silica) and then through the DNPH-impregnated silica (DNPH-silica). Acrolein in the sample was completely trapped in the first HQ-silica cartridge. Some other airborne carbonyls were also trapped by the HQ-silica, and those that pass through were trapped in the second DNPH-silica cartridge. Extraction was performed in the reverse direction to air sampling. When solvent was eluted through the dual-cartridges, excess DNPH was washed into the HQ bed where it reacted with acrolein and other trapped carbonyls to form the corresponding hydrazone derivatives. All of the hydrazones derived from airborne carbonyls were completely separated and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. This HQ-DNPH-method can be applied for the determination of acrolein and other alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, such as crotonaldehyde, in cigarette smoke.

Topics: Acrolein; Adsorption; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hydroquinones; Nicotiana; Phenylhydrazines; Silicon Dioxide; Smoke

Malondialdehyde (MDA) excretion in urine as an index for toxicological effects of chloroform and hydroquinone was evaluated. In a first series of experiments three groups of rats were used: non-pretreated rats (group I), starved rats (group II) and starved plus phenobarbital pretreated rats (group III). Chloroform (0.15 or 0.30 ml/kg, p.o.) was given as a single dose. The MDA excretion was related to the pretreatment, and in group III to liver damage. In a second series of experiments control rats were administered hydroquinone (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.), which induced a dose-related MDA excretion. These data indicate that the MDA assay was a selective and accurate marker for toxicological effects induced by the tested compounds.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Chloroform; Hydroquinones; Liver; Malonates; Malondialdehyde; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Phenylhydrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains