2-3-4-tri-o-acetylarabinopyranosyl-isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde

Topics: Acrolein; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Animals; Calcium; Colon; Duodenum; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Enterocytes; Food; Gene Expression; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Isothiocyanates; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Monoterpenes; Phytochemicals; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; Transfection; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; TRPA1 Cation Channel

Subpopulations of somatosensory neurons are characterized by functional properties and expression of receptor proteins and surface markers. CGRP expression and IB4-binding are commonly used to define peptidergic and non-peptidergic subpopulations. TRPA1 is a polymodal, plasma membrane ion channel that contributes to mechanical and cold hypersensitivity during tissue injury, making it a key target for pain therapeutics. Some studies have shown that TRPA1 is predominantly expressed by peptidergic sensory neurons, but others indicate that TRPA1 is expressed extensively within non-peptidergic, IB4-binding neurons. We used FURA-2 calcium imaging to define the functional distribution of TRPA1 among peptidergic and non-peptidergic adult mouse (C57BL/6J) DRG neurons. Approximately 80% of all small-diameter (<27 µm) neurons from lumbar 1-6 DRGs that responded to TRPA1 agonists allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; 79%) or cinnamaldehyde (84%) were IB4-positive. Retrograde labeling via plantar hind paw injection of WGA-Alexafluor594 showed similarly that most (81%) cutaneous neurons responding to TRPA1 agonists were IB4-positive. Additionally, we cultured DRG neurons from a novel CGRP-GFP mouse where GFP expression is driven by the CGRPα promoter, enabling identification of CGRP-expressing live neurons. Interestingly, 78% of TRPA1-responsive neurons were CGRP-negative. Co-labeling with IB4 revealed that the majority (66%) of TRPA1 agonist responders were IB4-positive but CGRP-negative. Among TRPA1-null DRGs, few small neurons (2-4%) responded to either TRPA1 agonist, indicating that both cinnamaldehyde and AITC specifically target TRPA1. Additionally, few large neurons (≥27 µm diameter) responded to AITC (6%) or cinnamaldehyde (4%), confirming that most large-diameter somata lack functional TRPA1. Comparison of mouse and rat DRGs showed that the majority of TRPA1-responsive neurons in both species were IB4-positive. Together, these data demonstrate that TRPA1 is functionally expressed primarily in the IB4-positive, CGRP-negative subpopulation of small lumbar DRG neurons from rodents. Thus, IB4 binding is a better indicator than neuropeptides for TRPA1 expression.

Topics: Acrolein; Animals; Exons; Female; Fura-2; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Isothiocyanates; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Plant Lectins; Protein Binding; Rats; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; TRPA1 Cation Channel; TRPC Cation Channels