2-3-4-tri-o-acetylarabinopyranosyl-isothiocyanate and allyl-isothiocyanate

Allyl isothiocyanates (AITC) have gained recognition in recent years as effective chemotherapeutic and epigenetic modulators. The chemopreventive properties and toxicological perspectives of AITCs from the last few decades were taken into account by a number of investigations. Their active therapeutic relevance was hindered by a number of factors, including instability under typical physiological conditions and low bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility. In this review, we highlighted the chemopreventive attributes of AITC in relation to its molecular mechanisms and metabolic fate for cancer. Moreover, we emphasized on investigational anticancer activities and various strategies for delivery of AITC in different types of cancer. Considering cellular interactions, we shed light on the toxicological properties of AITCs to address further issues regarding their assessment in therapeutic development. This review identifies knowledge gaps with various contemporary approaches involving most recent studies and may pave the way for a better understanding for the development of novel AITC therapeutics.

Topics: Humans; Isothiocyanates; Neoplasms

This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Brassica spp. including full-fat rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to broiler chicken challenged with E. maxima. A total of 576 one-day old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 8 treatments with 6 replicated cages and 12 birds per cage. The treatment diets consisted of nonchallenge control (NC, corn-SBM based diet), challenge control (CC), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola (20CLM), 40% canola (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,000 ppm AITC (1000AITC). At d 14, all birds were challenged, except NC group, with a subclinical dose of E. maxima. Intestinal permeability was conducted on 5 d post-infection (dpi) and for oocyst shedding 5 to 6 dpi feces were pooled and collected. On 6 dpi, growth performance, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression were measured. The growth performance result showed that 10RS and 30RS groups had lower BW, BWG, FI, and higher FCR (P < 0.0001). During the challenge and overall periods, NC group had highest BW, BWG, and FI, and lowest FCR. The inclusion of canola meal showed lower performance during prechallenge period but was able to catch up BWG during challenge period. The AITC levels showed similar growth performance to CC group. Intestinal permeability for 20CLM, 40CLM, 500AITC and 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC, 10RS, and 30RS had higher permeability compared to NC (P < 0.0001). Oocyst shedding was significantly lower for 40CLM and NC, whereas all other treatments had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.0001). All the challenged treatment groups had higher lesion score and microscore than NC (P < 0.0001). Histomorphology data showed that jejunum villus height (VH) for 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC group had the lowest VH (P = 0.01). The 30RS group had lower VH: crypt depth (CD) ratio in the jejunum and ileum. The gene expression at 6 dpi for claudin1, occludin, IL2, IL6, GLUT5, EAAT, B

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Brassica; Brassica napus; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Eimeria; Gene Expression; Isothiocyanates; Male; Oocysts; Permeability; Poultry Diseases

The aim of this work is to delayed the postharvest development of Botrytis cinerea in tomatoes by releasing allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) from mustard seeds at room temperature, and to discriminate the aromatic profile by using an electronic device (E-nose). Olfactory sensory analysis showed that tomatoes inoculated in the presence of AITC did not develop the microorganisms until the eighth day of storage. The highest inhibitory concentration of AITC was found in Day 3 (175.18 ppb). However, tomatoes inoculated without the presence of AITC developed a moldy aroma on the third day of storage. The most prominent chemical groups were esters, ketones and alcohols. The compounds associated with a positive aroma were trimethyl orthoacetate, styrene, tridecan-7-amine and acetaldehyde, while compounds related to B. cinerea were hepten-2-one and butanoic acid. The E-nose was able to discriminate tomatoes based on their aromatic characteristics during the storage period. Moreover, it successfully quantified the mold defect aroma with the established Partial Least Squares (PLS) model.

Topics: Electronic Nose; Isothiocyanates; Mustard Plant; Seeds; Solanum lycopersicum

Some γ-glutamyl peptides including glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly) and γ-glutamyl-valyl-glycine (γ-Glu-Val-Gly= γ-EVG) are reported to increase the intensity of basic tastes, such as salty, sweet, and umami, although they have no taste themselves at tested concentrations. The mechanism of action of γ-glutamyl peptides is not clearly understood, but the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) may be involved. Glutathione and γ-EVG enhance the pungency of some spices, and the present study investigated the effects of γ-EVG on the responses of trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells to thermosensitiveTRP channel agonists. Single-cell RT-PCR revealed that most CaSR-expressing cells co-expressed TRPV1 (sensitive to capsaicin) and TRPA1 (sensitive to allyl isothiocyanate= AITC). Intracellular Ca

Topics: Animals; Capsaicin; Glutathione; Mice; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; Trigeminal Ganglion; TRPA1 Cation Channel

Inhalation of noxious irritants activates nociceptive sensory afferent nerves innervating the airways, inducing reflex regulation of autonomic networks and the modulation of respiratory drive and cardiovascular (CV) parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure. In healthy mammals, irritant-evoked pulmonary-cardiac reflexes cause parasympathetic-mediated bradycardia. However, in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, irritant inhalation also increases sympathetic drive to the heart. This remodeled pulmonary-cardiac reflex may contribute to cardiovascular risk caused by inhalation of air pollutants/irritants in susceptible individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies have shown that the cooling mimic l-menthol, an agonist for the cold-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), can alleviate nasal inflammatory symptoms and respiratory reflexes evoked by irritants. Here, we investigated the impact of inhalation of TRPM8 agonists l-menthol and WS-12 on pulmonary-cardiac reflexes evoked by inhalation of the irritant allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) using radiotelemetry. l-Menthol, but not its inactive analog d-menthol, significantly reduced the AITC-evoked reflex tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in SH rats but had no effect on the AITC-evoked bradycardia in either SH or normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. WS-12 reduced AITC-evoked tachycardia and PVCs in SH rats, but this more potent TRPM8 agonist also reduced AITC-evoked bradycardia. l-Menthol had no effect on heart rate when given alone, whereas WS-12 evoked a minor bradycardia in WKY rats. We conclude that stimulation of TRPM8-expressing afferents within the airways reduces irritant-evoked pulmonary-cardiac reflexes, especially the aberrant reflex tachyarrhythmia in SH rats. Airway menthol treatment may be an effective therapy for reducing pollution-associated CV exacerbations.

Topics: Animals; Bradycardia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Irritants; Lung; Mammals; Menthol; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Reflex; Tachycardia; TRPM Cation Channels

The trafficking of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to the plasma membrane and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal ganglion neurons (TGNs) are implicated in some aspects of chronic migraines. These exocytotic processes are inhibited by cleavage of SNAREs with botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs); moreover, type A toxin (/A) clinically reduces the frequency and severity of migraine attacks but not in all patients for unknown reasons. Herein, neonatal rat TGNs were stimulated with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a TRPA1 agonist, and dose relationships were established to link the resultant exocytosis of CGRP with Ca2+ influx. The CGRP release, quantified by ELISA, was best fit by a two-site model (EC50 of 6 and 93 µM) that correlates with elevations in intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i revealed by time-lapse confocal microscopy of fluo-4-acetoxymethyl ester (Fluo-4 AM) loaded cells. These signals were all blocked by two TRPA1 antagonists, HC-030031 and A967079. At low [AITC], [Ca2+]i was limited because of desensitisation to the agonist but rose for concentrations > 0.1 mM due to a deduced non-desensitising second phase of Ca2+ influx. A recombinant BoNT chimera (/DA), which cleaves VAMP1/2/3, inhibited AITC-elicited CGRP release to a greater extent than SNAP-25-cleaving BoNT/A. /DA also proved more efficacious against CGRP efflux evoked by a TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a pain-inducing sensitiser of TGNs, enhanced the CGRP exocytosis induced by low [AITC] only. Both toxins blocked NGF-induced neuropeptide secretion and its enhancement of the response to AITC. In conclusion, NGF sensitisation of sensory neurons involves TRPA1, elevated Ca2+ influx, and CGRP exocytosis, mediated by VAMP1/2/3 and SNAP-25 which can be attenuated by the BoNTs.

Topics: Animals; Botulinum Toxins; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Nerve Growth Factor; Rats; Sensory Receptor Cells; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; TRPA1 Cation Channel; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 1

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) activates transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, which is involved in the control of intestinal mucosal blood flow. However, the mechanism underlying the increased gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in response to AITC remains unknown. We examined the effect of AITC on GMBF in the ex vivo stomachs of normal and sensory deafferented rats using a laser Doppler flowmeter. Mucosal application of AITC increased GMBF in a concentration-dependent manner. Repeated AITC exposure resulted in a marked desensitization. The increased GMBF response induced by AITC was entirely blocked by co-application of TRPA1 channel blockers HC-030031 or AP-18. Increased GMBF in response to AITC was significantly attenuated by chemical deafferentation following systemic capsaicin injections (total dose: 100 mg/kg). In contrast, increased GMBF responses to capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activator, were completely abolished by chemical deafferentation. The increased GMBF response to AITC was markedly inhibited by BIBN 4096, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP) antagonist, or AGP-8412, an adrenomedullin receptor antagonist. These results suggest that AITC-stimulated TRPA1 activation results in the increased GMBF through the release of CGRP and adrenomedullin.

Topics: Adrenomedullin; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Capsaicin; Isothiocyanates; Rats; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; TRPA1 Cation Channel

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death globally. Oxidative stress affects various molecular mechanisms and is the main driving factor of COPD. Ally isothiocyanate (AITC) is an effective component of Semen Sinapis Albae, which has favorable effects for the treatment of COPD, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated.. This study aimed to elucidate the antioxidant effect of AITC on COPD and its molecular mechanism, and preliminarily determine the role of AhR in the progression of COPD.. The COPD rat model was established by smoking combined with intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. Different doses of AITC, positive control drug acetylcysteine, AhR inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone, and agonist beta-naphthoflavone were administered by gavage. Human bronchial epithelial cells induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were used in an in vitro model to explore the molecular mechanisms of AITC.. The effects of AITC on lung function and oxidative stress in rats were evaluated in vivo using the respiratory function test, white blood cell count, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histological staining. The changes in protein expression in the lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of AITC. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reactive oxygen species probing, and flow cytometry were used to determine the antioxidant effect of AITC.. AITC can improve the lung function of rats with COPD, restore lung tissue structure, improve oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and inhibit lung cell apoptosis. AITC reversed the upregulation of AhR and CYP1A1 and the down-regulation of Nrf2 and NQO1 in the lung tissues of rats with COPD. CSE stimulation can increase the expressions of AhR and CYP1A1 and decrease the expressions of Nrf2 and NQO1 in 16HBE cells, leading to severe oxidative stress and inflammatory response and, ultimately, apoptosis. AITC inhibited AhR and CYP1A1 expressions, induced Nrf2 and NQO1 expressions, promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and improved CSE-induced toxicological effects.. AITC may improve lung oxidative stress by inhibiting the AhR / CYP1A1 and activating the Nrf2 / NQO1 pathways, thereby delaying the pathological progression of COPD.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Humans; Isothiocyanates; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Rats; Signal Transduction

In the United States, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) has been registered as an insecticide, bactericide, and nematicide. And it has been confirmed that AITC has significant insecticidal activities against four stored product pests including Sitophilus zeamais Mostchulky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). This study aimed to verify the mechanism of action of AITC on cytochrome c oxidase core subunits II in S. zeamais. Enzyme - catalyzed reactions and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis revealed that the expressed COX II proteins could competitively bind and inhibit the activity of COX II. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that a sulfur atom of AITC could form a 2.9 Å hydrogen bond with Ile-30, having a binding energy of -2.46 kcal/mol.

Topics: Animals; Cloning, Molecular; Electron Transport Complex IV; Insecticides; Molecular Docking Simulation; Weevils

The application of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) has been proposed as an alternative to control stored-grain insects. However, AITC is a compound with a low diffusion coefficient, making its distribution throughout the grain mass difficult. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of AITC applied in systems with or without recirculation for controlling Sitophilus zeamais (Mots. 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) infesting a corn grain mass. The assays used a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) prototype, dimensioned 1.60 m in length, 0.30 m in diameter, and a static capacity of 60 kg of grains. AITC toxicity to insects was evaluated at the base, 0.5 m from the base, and top of the grain column (1.0 m). Different concentrations of AITC were tested for an exposure period of 48 h.. In the system without AITC recirculation, insect mortality was verified only at the base of the grain column. However, insect mortality was considered uniform at the different positions of the column when the AITC recirculation system was adopted. In this system, there was also a marked reduction in the instantaneous population growth rate of S. zeamais, T. castaneum, and R. dominica, and a decrease in the dry matter loss of the grains, when the AITC concentrations were increased.. AITC recirculation proved to be a viable strategy for protecting grains against the species S. zeamais, R. dominica, and T. castaneum. AITC fumigation ultimately did not cause changes in grain quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Edible Grain; Insect Control; Insecta; Insecticides; Tribolium; Weevils; Zea mays

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a soil biofumigant used for controlling soil-borne pests that reduce the growth, quality, and yield of food crops. Its effectiveness against pathogens depends largely on its distribution in the soil, which is influenced mainly by the soil water content and application method. The distributions of AITC when injected with different moisture content or drip-irrigated into soils were compared.. AITC injected at 50 g m. Our results indicated that AITC applied by drip irrigation was more effective than injection, which will guide applicators on methods to optimize the application of AITC for efficient control of key pests and weeds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topics: Agricultural Irrigation; Isothiocyanates; Plant Weeds; Soil; Water

Angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis are the main events of cancer cells. JAK-1/STAT-3 is a key intracellular signaling transduction pathway, which controls the growth, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis of various cancer cells. The present study explored the impact of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on the JAK-1/STAT-3 pathway in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis. The mammary tumor was initiated through a single dose of 25 mg DMBA/rat by a subcutaneous injection administered near the mammary gland. We observed decreased body weight and increased the total number of tumors, tumor incidence, tumor volume, well-developed tumor, and histopathological abnormalities in DMBA-induced rats that were modulated after being treated with AITC. Staining of mammary tissues showed a high accumulation of collagen in DMBA-induced rats and it was normalized by the AITC treatment. Moreover, DMBA-induced mammary tissues showed up-regulated expressions of EGFR, pJAK-1, pSTAT-3, nuclear fraction of STAT-3, VEGF, VEGFR2, HIF-1α, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and the down-regulated expressions of cytosolic fraction of STAT-3 and TIMP-2. Oral administration of AITC on DMBA-induced rats inhibits angiogenesis and invasion by modifying these angiogenic and invasive markers. The finding of the present study was further confirmed by molecular docking analysis that shows a strong binding interaction between AITC with STAT-3 and cocrystal structure of STAT-3 glide energy of -18.123 and -72.246 (kcal/mole), respectively. Overall, the results suggested that AITC inhibits activation of the JAK-1/STAT-3 pathway, which subsequently prevents angiogenesis and invasion. It was recommended that AITC might develop a beneficial effect against breast cancer.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; ErbB Receptors; Molecular Docking Simulation; Neoplasms; Rats; Signal Transduction

Metastasis is commonly occurred in gastric cancer, and it is caused and responsible for one of the major cancer-related mortality in gastric cancer patients. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a natural product, exhibits anticancer activities in human many cancer cells, including gastric cancer. However, no available report shows AITC inhibits gastric cancer cell metastasis. Herein, we evaluated the impact of AITC on cell migration and invasion of human gastric cancer AGS cells in vitro. AITC at 5-20 μM did not induce significant cell morphological damages observed by contrast-phase microscopy but decreased cell viability assayed by flow cytometry. After AGS cells were further examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which indicated AITC affected cell membrane and morphology in AGS cells. AITC significantly suppressed cell motility examined by scratch wound healing assay. The results of the gelatin zymography assay revealed that AITC significantly suppressed the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. In addition, AITC suppressed cell migration and invasion were performed by transwell chamber assays at 24 h in AGS cells. Furthermore, AITC inhibited cell migration and invasion by affecting PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in AGS cells. The decreased expressions of p-AKT

Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Capsaicin; Colon; Mice; Mucous Membrane; Tetrodotoxin; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; TRPA1 Cation Channel; TRPV Cation Channels

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been associated with insufficient vegetable intake. Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural isothiocyanate found in cruciferous plants with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities. Our study aimed to investigate the potential effect of AITC on tracheal constriction in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma animal model, and explore the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the effects of AITC on HDM-induced allergic asthma model, established by intranasally administering extracts of HDM and AITC or DEX was given orally for four weeks. Flexivent SCIREQ, H&E staining, ELISA were employed to evaluate the lung function and the cytokine secretion. Possible mechanisms were determined by Western blot. Rat tracheae contraction was measured by Labscribe. We utilized lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to assess the adhesion response to the combination of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-4. The results of the study showed that AITC significantly reduced tracheal constriction in ex vivo experiments and improved lung function in in vivo experiments compared to HDM-induced mice. Additionally, AITC decreased cytokine secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, and constriction-related proteins expression in both lung and tracheae. Moreover, AITC increased tight junction-related protein expression in lung tissues. In vitro experiments showed that AITC had a protective effect through TRPA1 channel without affecting cell viability. Our results demonstrate that AITC has potential anti-asthma effects in HDM-induced asthma models by alleviating airway inflammation and airway constriction through increasing tight junction-related protein expression and suppressing Ca

Topics: Animals; Asthma; Constriction; Constriction, Pathologic; Inflammation; Isothiocyanates; Mice; Pyroglyphidae; Rats; Up-Regulation

Allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) is a common Isothiocyanates (ITC) and its chemo-preventive and anti-tumor effects are believed to be related to the activation of NF-E2 p45-related Factor 2 (Nrf2). However, its anti-tumor effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) are not well elucidated. Here, we investigated the therapeutic in vitro and/or in vivo effects and mechanisms of action (MOA) for AITC on CRC cell line HCT116 (human) and MC38 (mouse). AITC treatment in a low concentration range (1 mg/kg in vivo) significantly inhibited the tumor cell growth and increased the expression of p21 and Nrf2. The AITC-mediated induction of p21 was dependent on Nrf2 but independent on p53 in vitro and in vivo at low dose. In contrast, the high dose of AITC (5 mg/kg in vivo) failed to increase substantial levels of p21/MdmX, and impaired the total antioxidant capacity of tumors and subsequent anti-tumor effect in vivo. These results suggest that an optimal dose of AITC is important and required for the proper Nrf2 activation and its anti-CRC effects and thus, providing insights into the potential applications of AITC for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

Topics: Animals; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Mice; NF-E2-Related Factor 2

The effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), widely found in edible vegetables, on thermal isomerization of unsaturated fatty acid esters (oleic acid methyl ester [OA-ME], linoleic acid methyl ester [LA-ME], and eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [EPA-EE]) were investigated. Although heating with AITC and DADS significantly promoted cis to trans isomerization of all fatty acid esters, the isomerization trends varied greatly depending on the type of fatty acid. Specifically, AITC promoted thermal isomerization of OA-ME and LA-ME more efficiently than DADS; however, an opposite result was obtained for EPA-EE. For example, when OA-ME was heated at 180°C for 1 h with 1.0 equivalent of AITC and DADS, its trans isomer ratios reached 29.0 ± 7.1 and 7.6 ± 0.6%, respectively, and when EPA-EE was heated under the same conditions, its trans isomer ratios reached 4.2 ± 0.4 and 8.6 ± 0.2%, respectively. These results indicate that isothiocyanates and polysulfides would promote the formation of trans fatty acids in food processing under heating conditions.

Topics: Esters; Fatty Acids; Hot Temperature; Isomerism; Isothiocyanates; Sulfur Compounds

The objective of this study is to explore the antibacterial action modes and virulence-inhibitory effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AITC against vegetative cells of Cp 13124 was 0.1 μL/mL, and the time-kill kinetics analysis revealed that AITC could significantly suppress the growth of Cp 13124. According to the results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, and UV absorbance substance detection, the cell membrane of Cp 13124 was damaged upon AITC treatment, causing a loss of integrity and the release of intracellular substances. Meanwhile, the fluorescence quenching experiment indicated the interaction of AIT-C with membrane proteins, which caused changes in the conformation of membrane proteins. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that AITC could induce apoptosis through oxidative stress. The formation of Cp 13124 biofilms was inhibited by AITC using the crystalline violet method, which was possibly related to the inhibition of sliding motility. Finally, low concentrations of AITC could be used as an antibacterial agent to inhibit the outgrowth of Cp 13124 in cooked pork, suggesting that AITC is a promising candidate for novel preservatives in the meat business.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium perfringens; Membrane Proteins; Pork Meat; Red Meat; Swine; Virulence

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is an excellent active phytoconstituent recently revealed for cancer treatment. The strategic prominence of this study was to synthesize and characterize AITC-embedded tripolyphosphate-modified chitosan nanoparticles (AITC@CS-TPP-NPs) by ionic gelation.. Chitosan is recycled as a polymer to fabricate AITC@CS-TPP-NPs; the fabricated nanoparticles (NPs) are then characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, DSC, XRD, zeta potential, size analysis, SEM, EDX, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release study, and in vitro cytotoxicity activity against MCF-7 to explore the effectiveness and strength.. As a result, developed AITC@CS-TPP-NPs demonstrates good stability with a zeta potential of 35.83 mV and 90.14% of drug release. The anticancer potential of AITC@CS-TPP-NPs shows the improved cytotoxicity activity of AITC due to the surface modification of CS using TPP. Hence, the cytotoxicity of AITC@CS-TPP-NPs was tested in vitro against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and found to be considerable.. The AITC@CS-TPP-NPs were effectively synthesized and have significant benefits, including being easy to prepare, stable, and affordable with wide use in human breast cancer against cell line (MCF-7).

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Chitosan; Female; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Nanoparticles; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a main ingredient of traditional spice Wasabia japonica, which is reported to have anti-bacterial and antiparasitic activities. However, there is no information on effects of AITC against malaria. The present study investigates the anti-malarial activity of dietary AITC in vivo and that of AITC metabolites in vitro.. The ad libitum administration of 35, 175, or 350 µM AITC-containing drinking water to ICR mice significantly inhibit the parasitemia induced after infection with Plasmodium berghei. On the other hand, after single oral administration of AITC (20 mg kg. These results indicate that orally administered AITC is metabolized to NAC-AITC and exerts anti-malarial activity against malaria parasites in blood, suggesting that the consumption of AITC-containing food stuffs such as cruciferous plants may prevent malaria.

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Isothiocyanates; Malaria; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Parasitemia

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural product with high volatility that is used as a biofumigant to alleviate soil-borne plant diseases, and problems such as root knot nematodes (RKNs) that necessitate continuous cropping. However, little research has assessed the effects of AITC fumigation on medicinal plants.. AITC significantly reduced the population of RKNs in soil (p < 0.0001) and showed an excellent RKN disease control effect within 6 months after sowing Panax notoginseng (p < 0.0001). The seedling survival rate of 2-year-old P. notoginseng was approximately 1.7-fold higher after soil treatment with AITC (p = 0.1008). 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that the AITC treatment affected bacterial richness rather than diversity in consecutively cultivated (CC) soil. Furthermore, biomarkers with statistical differences between AITC-treated and untreated CC soil showed that Pirellulales (order), Pirellulaceae (family), Pseudomonadaceae (family), and Pseudomonas (genus) played important roles in the AITC-treated group. In addition, the microbiome functional phenotypes predicted using the BugBase tool suggested that AITC treatment is more conducive to improving CC soil through changes in the bacterial community structure. Crucially, our research also suggested that AITC soil treatment significantly increases soil organic matter (p = 0.0055), total nitrogen (p = 0.0054), and available potassium (p = 0.0373), which promotes the survival of a succeeding medicinal plant (Polygonatum kingianum).. AITC is an ecologically friendly soil treatment that affects the top 10 bacterial richness but not diversity. It could also provide a basis for a useful agricultural soil management measure to alleviate soil sickness.

Topics: Bacteria; Fumigation; Plants, Medicinal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil; Soil Microbiology

γ-Glutamyl peptides, including glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, GSH) and γ-glutamyl-valyl-glycine (γ-Glu-Val-Gly), have been shown to increase the intensity of basic tastes, such as salty, sweet, and umami, and flavor, including mouthfulness, but had no taste themselves at the concentrations tested. Although the mechanisms of action of γ-glutamyl peptides currently remain unclear, the involvement of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) has been suggested. Since GSH and γ-Glu-Val-Gly increase the pungency of some spices, the present study investigated their effects on the pungency of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) using a sensory evaluation. GSH and γ-Glu-Val-Gly both significantly increased the pungency of AITC, while anserine, a peptide without CaSR activity, did not. GSH-induced increases in pungency were suppressed by NPS-2143, a CaSR inhibitor. Further, γ-Glu-Val-Gly significantly increased the pungency of piperine. The present results suggest that GSH and γ-Glu-Val-Gly increased the pungency by activating CaSR.

Topics: Alkaloids; Anserine; Benzodioxoles; Glutathione; Isothiocyanates; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a soil fumigant that protects plants against soil-borne pathogens, weeds and insects when present in the root-zone. However, the degradation of AITC under different fertilizers and soil amendments affects its emission and pest control efficacy. Degradation rates of AITC in soil amended with organic and inorganic fertilizers, zeolite and biochar were determined in the laboratory to improve its field applications.. The degradation half-lives of AITC were 24.4 and 35.4 h in Fangshan and Yongzhou soils, respectively, without any added fertilizer or soil amendment. Nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer accelerated the degradation rate of AITC, while phosphorus fertilizer had the opposite effect. The degradation rate of AITC on adding unsterilized chicken manure was over 3.5 and 1.1 times higher than that of sterilization in Fangshan and Yongzhou soil. Inorganic and organic fertilizers affected the degradation of AITC by affecting soil microbial activity on the basis of CO. Soil type, fertilizers and soil amendments differentially affect the degradation rate of AITC by changing soil physicochemical characteristics, microorganisms, etc., which shows great potential in reducing AITC emissions and increasing pest control efficacy when AITC is applied commercially. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topics: Agriculture; Fertilizers; Manure; Soil; Zeolites

Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Escherichia coli O157; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Hydrostatic Pressure; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli

Combined cisplatin-gemcitabine treatment causes rapid resistance development in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. The present study investigated the potential of the natural isothiocyanates (ITCs) allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC), butyl-isothiocyanate (BITC), and phenylethyl-isothiocyanate (PEITC) to suppress growth and proliferation of gemcitabine- and cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells lines. Sensitive and gemcitabine- and cisplatin-resistant RT112, T24, and TCCSUP cells were treated with the ITCs, and tumor cell growth, proliferation, and clone formation were evaluated. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle progression were investigated as well. The molecular mode of action was investigated by evaluating cell cycle-regulating proteins (cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins A and B) and the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-AKT signaling pathway. The ITCs significantly inhibited growth, proliferation and clone formation of all tumor cell lines (sensitive and resistant). Cells were arrested in the G2/M phase, independent of the type of resistance. Alterations of both the CDK-cyclin axis and the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway were observed in AITC-treated T24 cells with minor effects on apoptosis induction. In contrast, AITC de-activated Akt-mTOR signaling and induced apoptosis in RT112 cells, with only minor effects on CDK expression. It is concluded that AITC, BITC, and PEITC exert tumor-suppressive properties on cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer cells, whereby the molecular action may differ among the cell lines. The integration of these ITCs into the gemcitabine-/cisplatin-based treatment regimen might optimize bladder cancer therapy.

Topics: Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cisplatin; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; Cyclins; Deoxycytidine; Gemcitabine; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; Sirolimus; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms