2-(n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1-3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose and 1-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine

Vaccination is a safe and effective approach to prevent deadly diseases. To increase vaccine production, we propose that a mechanical stimulation can enhance protein production. In order to prove this hypothesis, Sf9 insect cells were used to evaluate the increase in the expression of a fusion protein from hepatitis B virus (HBV S1/S2). We discovered that the ultrasound stimulation at a frequency of 1.5 MHz, intensity of 60 mW/cm2, for a duration of 10 minutes per day increased HBV S1/S2 by 27%. We further derived a model for transport through a cell membrane under the effect of ultrasound waves, tested the key assumptions of the model through a molecular dynamics simulation package, NAMD (Nanoscale Molecular Dynamics program) and utilized CHARMM force field in a steered molecular dynamics environment. The results show that ultrasound waves can increase cell permeability, which, in turn, can enhance nutrient / waste exchange thus leading to enhanced vaccine production. This finding is very meaningful in either shortening vaccine production time, or increasing the yield of proteins for use as vaccines.

Topics: 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Membrane Permeability; Deoxyglucose; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Phosphatidylcholines; Proteins; Sf9 Cells; Sonication; Thermodynamics; Ultrasonic Waves