15-hydroxy-11-alpha-9-alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5-13-dienoic-acid and zileuton

The i.v. administration of leukotriene (LT)D4 to anesthetized guinea pigs produced dose-dependent increases in pulmonary microvascular permeability, as measured by extravasation of Evans blue dye into the trachea, main bronchi, and small airways, with an ED50 of approximately 0.05 microgram/kg. When LTD4 was administered at 0.3 microgram/kg, the resulting plasma extravasation into all three airway sections was markedly reduced by pretreatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, meclofenamic acid (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.), a thromboxane (TX) receptor antagonist, SQ 29,548 (0.1 or 1 mg/kg, i.v.), or a peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist, pranlukast (SB 205312) (0.1 or 1 mg/kg, i.v.), but not by the H1 histamine receptor antagonist, pyrilamine. When LTD4 was administered at 1.0 microgram/kg, meclofenamate (2.5 or 5 mg/kg, i.v.) or SQ 29,548 slightly attenuated plasma extravasation only in the small airway, whereas pranlukast was effective in all three airway segments. Administration of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, zileuton (10 mg/kg, i.v.), or the PAF antagonist, L-659,989 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), did not affect the microvascular leakage response to 1.0 microgram/kg LTD4. In addition, i.v.-administered LTD4 (0.3 or 1.0 microgram/kg) or the prostaglandin (PG)/TXA2 receptor agonist, U-46619 (3.0 micrograms/kg), produced significant bronchoconstriction as measured by increases in pulmonary insufflation pressure. The bronchoconstrictor responses to LTD4 were markedly attenuated by the same inhibitors, namely meclofenamic acid, SQ 29,548, and pranlukast, that reduced the 0.3 microgram/kg LTD4-induced plasma extravasation throughout the airways and the 1.0 microgram/kg LTD4-induced extravasation into the small airways. U-46619-induced bronchoconstriction was blocked only by SQ 29,548.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; Animals; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Bronchi; Bronchoconstriction; Capillary Permeability; Chromones; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Furans; Guinea Pigs; Hydrazines; Hydroxyurea; Leukotriene D4; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Lung; Male; Meclofenamic Acid; Plasma; Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic; Pyrilamine; Receptors, Thromboxane; SRS-A; Thromboxane A2; Trachea; Vasoconstrictor Agents

The present investigation examined the pharmacologic profiles of three distinct guinea pig lung parenchymal strips (LPS): intact LPS, denuded LPS (devoid of any lung pleura) and pleural surface strips. All three preparations responded similarly to increasing concentrations of KCl, whereas maximum contractile responses of the intact LPS and pleural surface strips to histamine, LTD4 and U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimetic, were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than those elicited by the denuded LPS. Moreover, concentration-response curves for intact LPS and pleural surface strips to ovalbumin and ionophore A23187 challenges were equivalent to each other, which were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in magnitude than that for the denuded LPS. The net contractile response of the denuded LPS to A23187 was significantly reduced by 35% in the presence of 1 x 10(-5) M A-64077, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, and nearly abolished with the addition of 1 x 10(-6) M pyrilamine and 4 x 10(-6) M indomethacin. In contrast, the maximum contractile responses of the intact LPS and pleural surface strips were reduced by 40 and 30%, respectively, in the presence of all three inhibitors. On the other hand, morphometric analysis revealed that the density of mast cells in the smooth muscle of lung pleura was as high as that found in the bronchiolar area (2.35 +/- 0.31 vs. 2.62 +/- 0.28 per 0.05 mm2). In contrast, mast cells were scarcely identified in the alveolar parenchyma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; Animals; Calcimycin; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Hydroxyurea; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Lung; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic; Pyrilamine; SRS-A