10-formyldihydropteroylglutamate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate

Topics: Biological Availability; Bread; Digestion; Folic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Nutrients; Tetrahydrofolates

Folate is a fundamental vitamin for metabolism in plants and humans. A modelling approach has been developed to characterize the reactivity of folates in cowpea seeds during germination at 30 °C, using a water-to-seed ratio of 1:1 (w/w). For this purpose, the concentrations of folic acid, 10-formylfolic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate were determined in seeds during germination times up to 96 h. Two reaction models were sequentially built and adjusted to experimental data to describe changes in concentration in cowpea seed during two germination phases: before 14 h and after 48 h. Results showed intense enzymatic interconversion of all folate vitamers into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate before 14 h of germination and high enzymatic production of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate after 48 h of germination. This study suggests that a long germination process could be more beneficial than soaking to increase the production of bioavailable folates within the seed for human consumption.

Topics: Folic Acid; Germination; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Seeds; Temperature; Tetrahydrofolates; Vigna

Topics: Calibration; Chromatography, Liquid; Folic Acid; Food Analysis; Limit of Detection; Plant Proteins; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetrahydrofolates

The genetic potential and biofortification of India-grown rice with bioavailable folate has not been studied yet. The objectives of this study were to determine the folates concentration in four cultivars of rice through UPLC-MS/MS. Total folate concentration in rice cultivars ranged from 11.0 to 51 μg/100 g with a mean of 26.0 μg/100 g. Among the four rice cultivars, the pigmented grain cultivar Nootripathu possesses two-fold rich sources of total folates than the other three non-pigmented grain cultivars. The average value of 100 g serving of rice grains could provide the amount of recommended daily allowance (% RDA) of dietary folates (6.5%) for adults, which ranged from 2.7-12.7%. Among the 5 individual forms of folates, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was most abundant in rice cultivars followed by 10-Formylfolic acid and folic acid. The result of this study has been useful for biofortification of folates in rice.

Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Folic Acid; India; Oryza; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Seeds; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetrahydrofolates

[2H4]Folic acid was synthesized by deuterating p-aminobenzoic acid, which was then coupled to glutamic acid and 6-formylpterin. Using [2H4]folic acid as starting component enabled the preparation of labeled vitamers tetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and 10-formylfolate which were characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation. The mass spectrometric studies confirmed that the compounds could be used as internal standards in stable isotope dilution assays.

Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Folic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Isotope Labeling; Leucovorin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pteridines; Pterins; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tetrahydrofolates

The metabolism of [2-14C]+[3', 5', 7, 9-3H] folic acid and [214C]+[3', 5', 7, 9-3H] 10-formylfolate was studied in hospital inpatients. Metabolites detected in the urine after folic acid feeding included the unchanged compound, other folates and a number of breakdown products, such as p-acetamidobenzoyl-L-glutamate and p-acetamidobenzoate. This confirms the existence of a folate catabolic pathway in man. Patients with malignant disease excreted less of the dose in urine, incorporated more into the reduced folate pool, and showed decreased catabolism of folate, when compared to controls. 10-Formylfolate was excreted largely unchanged, and appears not to be reduced by man. Also 10-formylfolate interfered with the reduction of folic acid given simultaneously.

Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Adolescent; Aged; Feces; Female; Folic Acid; Glutamates; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; para-Aminobenzoates; Tetrahydrofolates