1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-chloride and potassium-phosphate

An efficient in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine four neonicotinoid insecticides in wild and commercial honey samples. In this method, a hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, formed by in situ reaction between potassium hexafluorophosphate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide in sample solution, was used as the extraction solvent. In comparison with the traditional dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method, the developed method required no dispersive solvent. To achieve high extraction efficiency and enrichment factor, the effects of various experimental parameters were studied in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.30-0.62 and 1.20-2.50 μg/L, respectively. The method showed high enrichment factors (74-115) with the recoveries between 81.0 and 103.4%. The proposed method was finally applied to different wild and commercial honey samples.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Analysis; Food Contamination; Honey; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles; Insecticides; Ionic Liquids; Ions; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Phosphates; Potassium Compounds; Reproducibility of Results; Solvents; Temperature

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Cattle; Chromatography, Affinity; Imidazoles; Ionic Liquids; Lectins; Mannans; Phosphates; Potassium Compounds; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Water

The effective method of ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase extraction, which involves ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methyllimidazolium chloride, [C4mim]Cl) and inorganic salt (K2HPO4) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), has been used to extract trace tilmicosin in real water samples which were passed through a 0.45 μm filter. The effects of the different types of salts, the concentration of K2HPO4 and of ILs, the pH value and temperature of the systems on the extraction efficiencies have all been investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the average extraction efficiency is up to 95.8%. This method was feasible when applied to the analysis of tilmicosin in real water samples within the range 0.5-40 μg mL(-1). The limit of detection was found to be 0.05 μg mL(-1). The recovery rate of tilmicosin was 92.0-99.0% from the real water samples by the proposed method. This process is suggested to have important applications for the extraction of tilmicosin.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles; Phosphates; Potassium Compounds; Temperature; Tylosin; Water Pollutants, Chemical

The effect of the pretreatment of water hyacinth with ionic liquid and co-solvent on the lignocellulosic composition, structural change and biogas production was evaluated in this study. The results from regenerated water hyacinth indicate that, the content of the lignocellulosic composition was changed, the crystallinity of the structure was decreased, and the surface became more porous. After the pretreatment with 1-N-butyl-3-methyimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) under 120°C for 120min, the cellulose content of regenerated water hyacinth was increased by 27.9%, 49.2% of the lignin was removed, and the biogas yield was increased by 97.6% as compared with unpretreated water hyacinth. The ionic liquids and co-solvents were successfully recovered by forming aqueous biphasic systems with K3PO4.

Topics: Biofuels; China; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Eichhornia; Imidazoles; Ionic Liquids; Lignin; Phosphates; Porosity; Potassium Compounds; Temperature

An ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4 mim]Cl)/salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) was presented as a simple, rapid and effective sample pretreatment technique coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analysis of the major opium alkaloids in Pericarpium papaveris. To find optimal conditions, the partition behaviors of codeine and papaverine in ionic liquid/salt aqueous two-phase systems were investigated. Various factors were considered systematically, and the results indicated that both the pH value and the salting-out ability of salt had great influence on phase separation. The recoveries of codeine and papaverine were 90.0-100.2% and 99.3-102.0%, respectively, from aqueous samples of P. papaveris by the proposed method.

Topics: Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Codeine; Imidazoles; Papaver; Papaverine; Phosphates; Potassium Compounds; Temperature