1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane and tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cycloleucine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Nickel; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Second Messenger Systems; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cerebellum; Cycloleucine; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Female; Glutamates; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Nerve Fibers; Neurotoxins; Purkinje Cells; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Cycloleucine; Embryo, Mammalian; Glutamates; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Alanine; Animals; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neurons; Pertussis Toxin; Phorbol Esters; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Tetrodotoxin; Virulence Factors, Bordetella

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Alanine; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Cycloleucine; Dopamine; Electrophysiology; Female; Glycine; Male; Neurons; Potassium; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Stimulation, Chemical; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Embryo, Mammalian; Evoked Potentials; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Picrotoxin; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, AMPA; Sodium; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin; Veratridine

Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Citrulline; Cycloleucine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Calcimycin; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Cycloleucine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; N-Methylaspartate; Phosphatidylinositols; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Signal Transduction; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Caffeine; Calcium; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Ryanodine; Sodium Channels; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cycloleucine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Neurotoxins; Pyramidal Cells; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Cycloleucine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Nucleus Accumbens; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Cadmium; Cycloleucine; In Vitro Techniques; Lampreys; Locomotion; Nerve Net; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Spinal Cord; Swimming; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Action Potentials; Amplifiers, Electronic; Amygdala; Animals; Calcium; Cycloleucine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Neurotoxins; Parasympathomimetics; Potassium Channels; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Cycloleucine; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Strychnine; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors; Visual Cortex

Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Cycloleucine; Drug Synergism; Enzyme Activation; Female; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; N-Methylaspartate; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurotoxins; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Signal Transduction; Stereoisomerism; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cycloleucine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Drug Synergism; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Pyramidal Cells; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Somatostatin; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Motor Neurons; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, Presynaptic; Spinal Cord; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Corpus Striatum; Cycloleucine; Dominance, Cerebral; Dopamine Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Flupenthixol; Glycine; Male; Motor Activity; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Stereotyped Behavior; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Benzoates; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Ion Channel Gating; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Neuroprotective Agents; Purkinje Cells; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Frontal Lobe; Kainic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Benzoates; Biomarkers; Calcium Channels; Citrulline; Cycloleucine; Dantrolene; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Muscle Proteins; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Neurokinin A; Neurons, Afferent; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Peptide Fragments; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Tetrodotoxin; Turtles

Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Axons; Cadmium; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Cycloleucine; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Olfactory Bulb; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cell Polarity; Chlorides; Cycloleucine; Evoked Potentials; Frontal Lobe; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Neocortex; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Atropine; Baclofen; Benzoates; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Motor Neurons; Muscarine; Nifedipine; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Resorcinols; Spinal Cord; Tetraethylammonium; Tetrodotoxin; Turtles

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cycloleucine; Electric Conductivity; Gluconates; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Male; Membrane Potentials; Neuroprotective Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Septal Nuclei; Sodium; Sodium Channels; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Benzoates; Calcium; Corpus Striatum; Cycloleucine; Dicarboxylic Acids; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Male; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Prefrontal Cortex; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Benzoates; Calcium; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Male; Microdialysis; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Solitary Nucleus; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Consciousness; Corpus Striatum; Cycloleucine; Dopamine; Male; Microdialysis; Neuroprotective Agents; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Animals; Axons; Cell Size; Cycloleucine; Dendrites; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hippocampus; Interneurons; Muscarine; Muscarinic Agonists; Neural Inhibition; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Serotonin; Sympathomimetics; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Animals; Cats; Cycloleucine; Dendrites; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Neural Inhibition; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin; Thalamus

Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Frontal Lobe; Glycine; Neural Inhibition; Neuroprotective Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyramidal Cells; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Resorcinols; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzoates; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Membrane Potentials; Motor Neurons; N-Methylaspartate; Neuroprotective Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Trigeminal Nuclei

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Cycloleucine; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Hippocampus; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Male; Membrane Potentials; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Benzoates; Calcium; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Chlorpromazine; Cycloleucine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Egtazic Acid; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; GTP-Binding Proteins; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Membrane Potentials; Motor Neurons; N-Methylaspartate; Neuroprotective Agents; Pertussis Toxin; Rana pipiens; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reflex; Resorcinols; Second Messenger Systems; Spinal Cord; Sulfonamides; Tetrodotoxin; Thapsigargin; Virulence Factors, Bordetella

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Calcium; Chromones; Cycloleucine; Egtazic Acid; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Resorcinols; Substantia Nigra; Tetrodotoxin; Thapsigargin

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Animals; Benzoates; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; Gene Expression; Glycine; Hippocampus; Interneurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Periodicity; Picrotoxin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Action Potentials; Aging; Animals; Calcium; Chelating Agents; Cycloleucine; Egtazic Acid; Female; Ferrets; In Vitro Techniques; Lidocaine; Male; Neurons; Phenytoin; Potassium; Potassium Channels; Pyramidal Cells; Sodium; Sodium Channels; Tetrodotoxin; Visual Cortex

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Axons; Brain Stem; Calcium; Chromones; Cycloleucine; Dendrites; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Fluorometry; Glutamic Acid; Glycine Agents; GTP-Binding Proteins; In Vitro Techniques; Lampreys; Larva; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Neuronal Plasticity; Neuroprotective Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Strychnine; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Action Potentials; Age Factors; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cell Differentiation; Cesium; Chlorides; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Motor Neurons; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotrophin 3; Organ Culture Techniques; Spinal Cord; Synapses; Tetraethylammonium; Tetrodotoxin; Turtles

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cell Death; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cell Membrane; Chelating Agents; Cycloleucine; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Nifedipine; Nociceptors; Organ Culture Techniques; Posterior Horn Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Action Potentials; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Calcium; Cats; Cycloleucine; Dendrites; GABA Antagonists; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Magnesium; Muscarinic Agonists; Neural Inhibition; Nicotinic Agonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Animals; Baclofen; Chelating Agents; Cycloleucine; Egtazic Acid; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; GABA Agonists; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Guanosine Diphosphate; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Neuroprotective Agents; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Songbirds; Synapses; Tetraethylammonium; Tetrodotoxin; Thionucleotides

Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Hypoglossal Nerve; In Vitro Techniques; Motor Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cycloleucine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Neurons; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Propionates; Quisqualic Acid; Retina; Signal Transduction; Tetrodotoxin; Trifluoperazine; Verapamil

Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Analysis of Variance; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Benzoates; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Cycloleucine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glycine; Ligands; Male; Microdialysis; Potassium Chloride; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Serotonin; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Bicuculline; Cycloleucine; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Leucine; Male; Membrane Potentials; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Neural Conduction; Neural Inhibition; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Ventral Tegmental Area

Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Aconitine; Acyclovir; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atropine; Bicuculline; Bungarotoxins; Carrier Proteins; Cell Count; Choline; Chromones; Cycloleucine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Interactions; Electric Conductivity; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microscopy, Electron; Muscarine; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Parvalbumins; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Resorcinols; Septum of Brain; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin; Tubocurarine; Valine; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Transport Proteins

Topics: 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; Animals; Arterioles; Astrocytes; Boron Compounds; Calcium Channels; Calcium Signaling; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cycloleucine; Electric Stimulation; Hyperemia; In Vitro Techniques; Indans; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; Microscopy, Video; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Neurons; Nifedipine; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Sodium Channel Blockers; Sodium Channels; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Apamin; Cadmium; Cats; Computer Simulation; Cycloleucine; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drug Interactions; Electric Capacitance; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei; Models, Neurological; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nickel; Organophosphorus Compounds; Periodicity; Pyridazines; Pyrimidines; Sodium Channel Blockers; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors