1,7-dimethylxanthine and theobromine

1,7-dimethylxanthine has been researched along with theobromine in 89 studies

Research

Studies (89)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	27 (30.34)	18.7374
1990's	24 (26.97)	18.2507
2000's	16 (17.98)	29.6817
2010's	14 (15.73)	24.3611
2020's	8 (8.99)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Daly, JW; Manning, M; Müller, CE; Shi, D	1
Bellows, DS; Clarke, ID; Diamandis, P; Dirks, PB; Graham, J; Jamieson, LG; Ling, EK; Sacher, AG; Tyers, M; Ward, RJ; Wildenhain, J	1
Bearne, SL; Lunn, FA; Roy, AC	1
Gonzalez, FJ; Gu, L; Kalow, W; Tang, BK	1
Fukao, K; Ishikawa, A; Iwasaki, Y; Misawa, S; Osada, A; Tanaka, E; Tsuji, K; Yamamoto, Y	1
Blanchard, J; Shearer, LE; Weber, CW	2
Tanaka, E	1
Ferre, S; Guix, T; Jane, F; Limon, A; Parra, P	1
Musk, SR; Steel, GG	1
Levy, G; Zhi, JG	1
Benowitz, NL; Brown, CR; Denaro, CP; Jacob, P; Wilson, M	1
Gilboe, DP	1
Holtzman, SG	1
Chakraborty, J; Marks, V; Morgan, MY; Scott, NR; Stambuk, D	1
Hafkenscheid, JC; Hekster, YA; Nouws, JF; Vree, JB; Vree, TB	1
Gerok, W; Haag, K; Holstege, A; Staiger, M	1
Stavric, B	1
Carney, JM; Logan, L; Seale, TW	1
Birkett, DJ; Lelo, A; Miners, JO; Robson, RA	2
Grgurinovich, N	1
Randall, JL; Scott, WJ; York, RG	1
Carney, JM; Holloway, FA; Modrow, HE	1
Karlaganis, G; Renner, E; Wahlländer, A	1
Arima, M; Nakazawa, K; Tanaka, H	1
Cookman, JR; Hartley, R; Smith, IJ	2
Goshorn, C; Hinsvark, O; Park, YH	1
Bonati, M; Bortolotti, A; Gaspari, F; Jiritano, L	1
Branfman, AR; Callahan, MM; Yesair, DW	1
Spindel, E	1
Fujii, T; Hanada, S; Nakatsuka, T	1
Arima, M; Iwasaki, S; Nakazawa, K; Tanaka, H	1
Riegelman, S; Tang-Liu, DD; Williams, RL	1
Renner, HW	1
Assenza, SP; Brown, PR; Nakano, K	1
Bonati, M; Garattini, S; Latini, R; Marzi, E	1
Szeto, DW; Tse, FL	1
Chen, A; Lunte, CE	1
Edwards, G; Glazier, AP; Kokwaro, GO; Szwandt, IS; Ward, SA	1
Andersson, T; Birkett, DJ; McManus, ME; Miners, JO; Tassaneeyakul, W; Tukey, RH; Veronese, ME	1
Pollard, I; Wilkinson, JM	1
Fukao, K; Ishikawa, A; Iwasaki, Y; Osada, A; Tanaka, E; Tsuji, K; Yamamoto, Y	1
Gerok, W; Holstege, A; Kurz, M; Weinbeck, M	1
Downing, J; Pollard, I; Scaramuzzi, R; Williamson, S	1
Norman, A; Rodopoulos, N	1
Benchekroun, Y; Brazier, JL; Dautraix, S; Désage, M	1
Lunte, CE; Zhao, Y	1
Ishikura, C; Ishizuka, H; Kouno, Y; Samizo, K	1
Matthews, NS; Mealey, KL; Peck, K; Taylor, TS	1
Jodynis-Liebert, J; Matuszewska, A	1
Daly, JW; Shi, D	1
Horsmans, Y; Spatzenegger, M; Verbeeck, RK	1
Allen, DG; Hawke, TJ; Lindinger, MI	1
Castro, GD; Castro, JA; Costantini, MH; Delgado de Layño, AM	1
Fredholm, BB; Irenius, E; Kull, B; Schulte, G	1
Dorne, JL; Renwick, AG; Walton, K	2
Gasior, M; Goldberg, SR; Jaszyna, M; Munzar, P; Witkin, JM	1
Chou, CC; Vickroy, TW	1
Baer-Dubowska, W; Cichocki, M; Jodynis-Liebert, J; Matuszewska, A; Szaefer, H	1
Flieger, J; Jodynis-Liebert, J; Juszczyk, J; Matuszewska, A	1
Beijnen, JH; de Jonge, ME; den Hoed, R; Hendriks, VM; Huitema, AD; Sparidans, RW; van den Brink, W; van Ree, JM; Zandvliet, AS	1
Belanger, K; Benowitz, NL; Bracken, MB; Grosso, LM; Holford, TR; Triche, EW	1
Clark, RS; Dixon, CE; Gillespie, DG; Jackson, EK; Kochanek, PM; Puccio, AM; Sachse, KT; Wisniewski, SR	1
Gressner, AM; Gressner, OA; Lahme, B; Siluschek, M	1
Gopishetty, S; Kale, Y; Louie, TM; Subramanian, M; Summers, R; Yu, CL	1
Arnaud, MJ	1
Bista, SR; Jahng, Y; Jeong, TC; Kang, MJ; Kang, W; Kim, E; Lee, SK; Noh, K; Seo, YM	1
Traş, B; Tumer, I; Uney, K	1
Geyer, T; Hillebrand, O; Licha, T; Nödler, K; Sauter, M	1
Gross, AS; McLachlan, AJ; Perera, V	1
Bae, SH; Bae, SK; Choi, EJ; Jang, SM; Kwon, MJ; Lee, SJ; Lee, YS; Park, JB; Zheng, YF	1
Litvin, AA; Novitskaia, IaG; Viglinskaia, AO; Zherdev, VP	1
Ackermann, D; Ansermot, N; Bochud, M; Burnier, M; Eap, CB; Ehret, G; Gu, Y; Guessous, I; Martin, PY; Mohaupt, M; Paccaud, F; Pechère-Berstchi, A; Pechère-Bertschi, A; Ponte, B; Pruijm, M; Staessen, J; Vogt, B; Vuistiner, P	1
Ali, A; O'Donnell, JM; Rutherfurd-Markwick, KJ; Starck, C	1
Alharbi, O; Goodacre, R; Xu, Y	1
Campbell, SC; Clark, EA; Schoen, K; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Tak, C; Varner, MW; Yu, T	1
Bulatov, A; Kirsanov, D; Medinskaia, K; Nikolaeva, L; Timofeeva, I	1
Adamski, J; Artati, A; Bochud, M; Cornelis, MC; Eap, CB; Ehret, G; Friedrich, N; Ganna, A; Grabe, HJ; Guessous, I; Gustafsson, S; Homuth, G; Ingelsson, E; Kacprowski, T; Lind, L; Magnusson, PK; Mangino, M; Menni, C; Pedersen, NL; Pietzner, M; Pivin, E; Spector, TD; Suhre, K; Völzke, H	1
Hu, B; Huang, Z; Li, ZM; Wu, L; Yuan, ZC	1
Chen, WL; Wu, SE	1
Alexander-White, C; Bury, D; Clewell, HJ; Cronin, M; Desprez, B; Detroyer, A; Efremenko, A; Firman, J; Hack, E; Hewitt, NJ; Kenna, G; Klaric, M; Lester, C; Mahony, C; Ouedraogo, G; Paini, A; Schepky, A	1
Ackermann, D; Ansermot, N; Bochud, M; Dhayat, NA; Eap, CB; Ehret, G; Estoppey-Younès, S; Guessous, I; Martin, PY; Melgarejo, JD; Petrovic, D; Ponte, B; Pruijm, M; Staessen, JA; Stringhini, S; Thijs, L; Vogt, B; Zhang, Z	1
Kertys, M; Kmeťová, K; Maráková, K; Mokrý, J; Pršo, K; Žideková, N	1
Bileck, A; Brunmair, J; Feuerstein, ML; Gerner, C; Gotsmy, M; Janker, L; Langbauer, C; Meier-Menches, SM; Neuditschko, B; Niederstaetter, L; Slany, A; Zanghellini, J	1
Guan, W; Mumford, SL; Polinski, KJ; Purdue-Smithe, A; Robinson, SL; Schisterman, EF; Schliep, KC; Silver, RM; Yeung, EH; Zhao, SK	1
Kinzig, M; Pietrzak-Fiećko, R; Purkiewicz, A; Sörgel, F	1

Reviews

6 review(s) available for 1,7-dimethylxanthine and theobromine

Article	Year
Methylxanthines: toxicity to humans. 3. Theobromine, paraxanthine and the combined effects of methylxanthines. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 1988, Volume: 26, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Drug Synergism; Humans; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1988
Human disposition and some biochemical aspects of methylxanthines. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1984, Volume: 158 Topics: Caffeine; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Male; Theobromine; Theophylline; Tissue Distribution	1984
Action of the methylxanthines on the pituitary and pituitary-dependent hormones. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1984, Volume: 158 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Caffeine; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Male; Pituitary Gland; Prolactin; Theobromine; Theophylline; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Time Factors	1984
Uncertainty factors for chemical risk assessment: interspecies differences in the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of human CYP1A2 substrates. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2001, Volume: 39, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Dogs; Humans; Mice; Models, Biological; Pharmacokinetics; Probability; Rabbits; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Species Specificity; Substrate Specificity; Theobromine; Theophylline	2001
Uncertainty factors for chemical risk assessment. human variability in the pharmacokinetics of CYP1A2 probe substrates. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2001, Volume: 39, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Caffeine; Child; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Models, Biological; Pharmacokinetics; Probability; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Substrate Specificity; Theobromine; Theophylline; Warfarin	2001
Measurement of CYP1A2 activity: a focus on caffeine as a probe. Current drug metabolism, 2012, Jun-01, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Breath Tests; Caffeine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Humans; Saliva; Theobromine; Theophylline	2012

Trials

5 trial(s) available for 1,7-dimethylxanthine and theobromine

Article	Year
Dose-dependency of caffeine metabolism with repeated dosing. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1990, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coffee; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Risk Factors; Theobromine; Theophylline	1990
Serum metabolite/caffeine ratios as a test for liver function. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Female; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Theobromine; Theophylline	2004
Population pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites theobromine, paraxanthine and theophylline after inhalation in combination with diacetylmorphine. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2005, Volume: 96, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Half-Life; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Methadone; Narcotics; Population; Theobromine; Theophylline	2005
The Effect of Caffeine Ingestion during Evening Exercise on Subsequent Sleep Quality in Females. International journal of sports medicine, 2015, Volume: 36, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Contraceptives, Oral; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Sleep; Theobromine; Theophylline; Young Adult	2015
Pregnancy-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2016, Volume: 56, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Theobromine; Theophylline; Young Adult	2016

Other Studies

78 other study(ies) available for 1,7-dimethylxanthine and theobromine

Article	Year
Synthesis of paraxanthine analogs (1,7-disubstituted xanthines) and other xanthines unsubstituted at the 3-position: structure-activity relationships at adenosine receptors. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1993, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22 Topics: Animals; Brain; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Structure-Activity Relationship; Theophylline; Xanthines	1993
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells. Nature chemical biology, 2007, Volume: 3, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Mice; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neurons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stem Cells	2007
Inhibition of CTP synthase from Escherichia coli by xanthines and uric acids. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2010, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Methylation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Uric Acid; Xanthines	2010
Biotransformation of caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline by cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. Pharmacogenetics, 1992, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Biotransformation; Caffeine; Cloning, Molecular; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; DNA; Gene Expression; Humans; Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Theobromine; Theophylline; Vaccinia virus	1992
A simple useful method for the determination of hepatic function in patients with liver cirrhosis using caffeine and its three major dimethylmetabolites. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1992, Volume: 30, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Theobromine; Theophylline	1992
Methylxanthine levels in breast milk of lactating women of different ethnic and socioeconomic classes. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 1992, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diet Records; Educational Status; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Milk, Human; Socioeconomic Factors; Theobromine; Theophylline; White People	1992
Simultaneous determination of caffeine and its primary demethylated metabolites in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography, 1992, Mar-27, Volume: 575, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Theobromine; Theophylline	1992
High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine in rat brain and serum. Journal of chromatography, 1991, Sep-18, Volume: 570, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Theobromine; Theophylline	1991
Override of the radiation-induced mitotic block in human tumour cells by methylxanthines and its relationship to the potentiation of cytotoxicity. International journal of radiation biology, 1990, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Caffeine; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mitosis; Theobromine; Theophylline; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Xanthines	1990
HPLC analysis of methylxanthines in human breast milk. Journal of chromatographic science, 1990, Volume: 28, Issue:12 Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Temperature; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1990
Effect of chronic caffeine administration on theophylline concentrations required to produce seizures in rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1990, Volume: 193, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Seizures; Theobromine; Theophylline	1990
The mechanism of caffeine-enhanced glucose stimulation of liver glycogen synthase phosphatase activity. Biochemical pharmacology, 1986, Jul-01, Volume: 35, Issue:13 Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Caffeine; Drug Interactions; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glucosephosphates; Liver; Male; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors; Xanthine; Xanthines	1986
Discriminative stimulus properties of caffeine in the rat: noradrenergic mediation. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1986, Volume: 239, Issue:3 Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adenosine; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Apomorphine; Avoidance Learning; Caffeine; Clonidine; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Male; Norepinephrine; Pentobarbital; Picrotoxin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Theobromine; Theophylline	1986
The pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites in patients with chronic liver disease. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1989, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Caffeine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Saliva; Theobromine; Theophylline	1989
Excretion and metabolism of a series of xanthines by the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. The veterinary quarterly, 1989, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Theobromine; Theophylline; Turtles; Uric Acid; Xanthine; Xanthines	1989
Correlation of caffeine elimination and Child's classification in liver cirrhosis. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1989, Jan-04, Volume: 67, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Theobromine; Theophylline	1989
Inherent differences in sensitivity to methylxanthines among inbred mice. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1986, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Species Specificity; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors; Xanthines	1986
Comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its primary demethylated metabolites paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline in man. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1986, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Theobromine; Theophylline	1986
Quantitative assessment of caffeine partial clearances in man. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1986, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Theobromine; Theophylline	1986
Simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of enprofylline, theobromine, paraxanthine, theophylline and caffeine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography, 1986, Aug-02, Volume: 380, Issue:2 Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1986
Teratogenicity of paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) in C57BL/6J mice. Teratology, 1986, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Caffeine; Cleft Palate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pregnancy; Theobromine; Theophylline	1986
Discriminative stimulus properties of methylxanthines and their metabolites in rats. Life sciences, 1985, Mar-11, Volume: 36, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1985
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dimethylxanthine metabolites of caffeine in human plasma. Journal of chromatography, 1985, Mar-22, Volume: 338, Issue:2 Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Liver Diseases; Theobromine; Theophylline	1985
The effect of caffeine ingestion on pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites after a single administration in pregnant rats. Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics, 1985, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Caffeine; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Theobromine; Theophylline	1985
Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolites in plasma using solid-phase extraction. Journal of chromatography, 1985, Jul-12, Volume: 342, Issue:1 Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dealkylation; Humans; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1985
Two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for quantitation of theophylline in plasma. Journal of chromatography, 1985, Oct-11, Volume: 343, Issue:2 Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Theobromine; Theophylline	1985
Caffeine disposition after oral administration to pregnant rats. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 1985, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Caffeine; Female; Fetus; Pregnancy; Rats; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors	1985
Potentiating effects of methylxanthines on teratogenicity of mitomycin C in mice. Teratology, 1983, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Caffeine; Drug Synergism; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mitomycin; Mitomycins; Pregnancy; Structure-Activity Relationship; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1983
Caffeine and its dimethylxanthines and fetal cerebral development in rat. Brain & development, 1984, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Brain; Caffeine; Female; Fetus; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1984
Simultaneous determination of caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolites in umbilical cord plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography, 1984, Mar-09, Volume: 306 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dealkylation; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant; Theobromine; Theophylline	1984
Disposition of caffeine and its metabolites in man. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1983, Volume: 224, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Theobromine; Theophylline	1983
Sister chromatid exchanges induced by methylxanthines contained in coffee, tea and cocoa. Experientia, 1982, May-15, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Caffeine; Coca; Coffee; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Crossing Over, Genetic; Plants, Medicinal; Sister Chromatid Exchange; Tea; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1982
Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic investigation of UV-absorbing low-molecular-weight compounds in saliva. Journal of chromatography, 1982, Dec-10, Volume: 233 Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Molecular Weight; Saliva; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors	1982
Urinary excretion of an uracilic metabolite from caffeine by rat, monkey and man. Toxicology letters, 1981, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Animals; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Humans; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Rats; Species Specificity; Theobromine; Theophylline; Uracil; Uric Acid; Xanthines	1981
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolites in dog plasma. Journal of chromatography, 1981, Nov-13, Volume: 226, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Male; Reference Values; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors	1981
Microdialysis sampling coupled on-line to fast microbore liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography. A, 1995, Feb-03, Volume: 691, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Animals; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Microdialysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Theobromine; Theophylline	1995
Metabolism of caffeine and theophylline in rats with malaria and endotoxin-induced fever. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 1993, Volume: 23, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Caffeine; Endotoxins; Fever; Injections, Intravenous; Malaria; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Plasmodium berghei; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Theobromine; Theophylline	1993
Caffeine metabolism by human hepatic cytochromes P450: contributions of 1A2, 2E1 and 3A isoforms. Biochemical pharmacology, 1994, May-18, Volume: 47, Issue:10 Topics: Caffeine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Isoenzymes; Microsomes, Liver; Oxidoreductases; Theobromine; Theophylline; Uric Acid	1994
Accumulation of theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine in the fetal rat brain following a single oral dose of caffeine. Brain research. Developmental brain research, 1993, Oct-15, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Brain; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1993
Comparison of hepatic drug-oxidizing activity after simultaneous administration of two probe drugs, caffeine and trimethadione, to human subjects. Pharmacology & toxicology, 1993, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Half-Life; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygenases; Theobromine; Theophylline; Trimethadione	1993
Excretion of caffeine and its primary degradation products into bile. Journal of hepatology, 1993, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bile; Bilirubin; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors	1993
Pharmacokinetics of caffeine in the oestrogen-implanted ovariectomized ewe. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1996, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Implants; Estradiol; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Ovariectomy; Sheep; Theobromine; Theophylline	1996
Assessment of dimethylxanthine formation from caffeine in healthy adults: comparison between plasma and saliva concentrations and urinary excretion of metabolites. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 1996, Volume: 56, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Female; Humans; Male; Saliva; Theobromine; Theophylline	1996
Isotopic effects on retention times of caffeine and its metabolites 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications, 1997, Jan-24, Volume: 688, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Deuterium; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Isotope Labeling; Kidney; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Theobromine; Theophylline; Uric Acid	1997
Determination of caffeine and its metabolites by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications, 1997, Jan-24, Volume: 688, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Beverages; Buffers; Caffeine; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Rats; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Tablets; Theobromine; Theophylline; Uric Acid	1997
[Development of syringe-type off line pre-column and simultaneous quantitation of four xanthine derivatives (caffeine, theobromine, theophylline and paraxanthine) in serum]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 1997, Volume: 117, Issue:3 Topics: Bronchodilator Agents; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1997
Comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine and three metabolites in clinically normal horses and donkeys. American journal of veterinary research, 1997, Volume: 58, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Equidae; Female; Horses; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Species Specificity; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors	1997
Effect of toluidines and dinitrotoluenes on caffeine metabolic ratio in rat. Toxicology letters, 1999, Jan-11, Volume: 104, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Dealkylation; Dinitrobenzenes; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Theobromine; Theophylline; Toluidines	1999
Chronic effects of xanthines on levels of central receptors in mice. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 1999, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Caffeine; Calcium Channels; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Drug Interactions; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pentoxifylline; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Receptors, Serotonin; Theobromine; Theophylline; Xanthines	1999
Differential activities of CYP1A isozymes in hepatic and intestinal microsomes of control and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rats. Pharmacology & toxicology, 2000, Volume: 86, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Inhibitors; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Intestine, Small; Ketoconazole; Liver; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Microsomes, Liver; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Theobromine; Theophylline	2000
Paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, dose dependently increases [Ca(2+)](i) in skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2000, Volume: 89, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Calcium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hindlimb; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Membranes; Male; Mice; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Osmolar Concentration; Procaine; Theobromine; Theophylline	2000
Rat ventral prostate xanthine oxidase bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and 1-hydroxyethyl free radicals: analysis of its potential role in heavy alcohol drinking tumor-promoting effects. Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis, 2001, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaldehyde; Alcohol Drinking; Allopurinol; Animals; Antimetabolites; Caffeine; Carcinogens; Chromatography, Gas; Cytosol; Diet; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethanol; Free Radicals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hypoxanthine; Male; Meat; NAD; Neoplasms; Niacinamide; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Purines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spin Trapping; Temperature; Theobromine; Theophylline; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents; Xanthine; Xanthine Oxidase	2001
Comparison of the potency of adenosine as an agonist at human adenosine receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochemical pharmacology, 2001, Feb-15, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Caffeine; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Cyclic AMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Inosine; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Theobromine; Theophylline; Transfection	2001
Caffeine potentiates the discriminative-stimulus effects of nicotine in rats. Psychopharmacology, 2002, Volume: 162, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Differential Threshold; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Ganglionic Stimulants; Generalization, Stimulus; Male; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement Schedule; Theobromine; Theophylline; Vasodilator Agents	2002
Antagonism of adenosine receptors by caffeine and caffeine metabolites in equine forebrain tissues. American journal of veterinary research, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebral Cortex; Horses; Male; Neostriatum; Prosencephalon; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Receptors, Purinergic P1; Theobromine; Theophylline	2003
Effect of naturally occurring plant phenolics on the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes by o-toluidine. Toxicology, 2003, Apr-15, Volume: 186, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Carcinogens; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Ellagic Acid; Enzyme Induction; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Hydroxybenzoates; Kidney; Liver; Male; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Theobromine; Theophylline; Toluidines	2003
Caffeine metabolites in umbilical cord blood, cytochrome P-450 1A2 activity, and intrauterine growth restriction. American journal of epidemiology, 2006, Jun-01, Volume: 163, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Caffeine; Chi-Square Distribution; Connecticut; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Massachusetts; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mothers; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Theobromine; Theophylline	2006
Increases in cerebrospinal fluid caffeine concentration are associated with favorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in humans. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aging; Brain Injuries; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Depressants; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Ethanol; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Glasgow Outcome Scale; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Theobromine; Theophylline; Treatment Outcome	2008
Identification of paraxanthine as the most potent caffeine-derived inhibitor of connective tissue growth factor expression in liver parenchymal cells. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Caffeine; Cells, Cultured; Connective Tissue Growth Factor; DNA Primers; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gene Expression Regulation; Hepatocytes; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Male; Molecular Structure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regression Analysis; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Theobromine; Theophylline	2009
Two distinct pathways for metabolism of theophylline and caffeine are coexpressed in Pseudomonas putida CBB5. Journal of bacteriology, 2009, Volume: 191, Issue:14 Topics: Caffeine; Gene Expression; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Pseudomonas putida; Theobromine; Theophylline; Uric Acid; Xanthine; Xanthines	2009
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of natural methylxanthines in animal and man. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2011, Issue:200 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Theobromine; Theophylline; Tissue Distribution; Xanthines	2011
Effects of rutaecarpine on the metabolism and urinary excretion of caffeine in rats. Archives of pharmacal research, 2011, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Induction; Indole Alkaloids; Quinazolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Theobromine; Theophylline; Vasodilator Agents	2011
Measurements of caffeine and plasma metabolite/caffeine ratios as a test for hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity in goats. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 2011, Volume: 41, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Goats; Liver; Oxidation-Reduction; Reference Standards; Theobromine; Theophylline	2011
Caffeine as an indicator for the quantification of untreated wastewater in karst systems. Water research, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Caffeine; Carbamazepine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Environmental Monitoring; Germany; Groundwater; Seasons; Sewage; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Theobromine; Theophylline; Water Movements; Water Pollutants, Chemical	2012
Simultaneous quantification of caffeine and its three primary metabolites in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food chemistry, 2013, Dec-01, Volume: 141, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Theobromine; Theophylline	2013
[Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interaction of aphobazole with CYP1A2 drug-substrate in experiments]. Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia, 2013, Volume: 76, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Chromatography, Gas; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochromes; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Male; Morpholines; Rats; Theobromine; Theophylline	2013
Associations of ambulatory blood pressure with urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolite excretions. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2015, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Caffeine; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Theobromine; Theophylline	2015
Simultaneous multiplexed quantification of caffeine and its major metabolites theobromine and paraxanthine using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, Volume: 407, Issue:27 Topics: Caffeine; Humans; Limit of Detection; Machine Learning; Neural Networks, Computer; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Surface Properties; Theobromine; Theophylline	2015
Stepwise injection potentiometric determination of caffeine in saliva using single-drop microextraction combined with solvent exchange. Talanta, 2016, Apr-01, Volume: 150 Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Potentiometry; Saliva; Theobromine; Theophylline	2016
Genome-wide association study of caffeine metabolites provides new insights to caffeine metabolism and dietary caffeine-consumption behavior. Human molecular genetics, 2016, 12-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24 Topics: Antigens, CD; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Caffeine; CD83 Antigen; Coffee; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Theobromine; Theophylline; White People	2016
In vivo solid-phase microextraction swab sampling of environmental pollutants and drugs in human body for nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Analytica chimica acta, 2020, Aug-08, Volume: 1124 Topics: Caffeine; Environmental Pollutants; Human Body; Humans; Imidazoles; Mouth; Nanotechnology; Nicotine; Skin; Solid Phase Microextraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Theobromine; Theophylline	2020
Exploring the Association between Urine Caffeine Metabolites and Urine Flow Rate: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients, 2020, Sep-13, Volume: 12, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Caffeine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Theobromine; Theophylline; Urination	2020
New framework for a non-animal approach adequately assures the safety of cosmetic ingredients - A case study on caffeine. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2021, Volume: 123 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Cosmetics; Eating; Humans; Risk Assessment; Theobromine; Theophylline; Toxicity Tests; Xanthines	2021
Investigating the Relations Between Caffeine-Derived Metabolites and Plasma Lipids in 2 Population-Based Studies. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2021, Volume: 96, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Belgium; Caffeine; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Switzerland; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Theobromine; Theophylline; Triglycerides; Xanthines	2021
Simultaneous determination of caffeine and its metabolites in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS. Journal of separation science, 2021, Volume: 44, Issue:23 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Theobromine; Theophylline; Uric Acid	2021
Finger sweat analysis enables short interval metabolic biomonitoring in humans. Nature communications, 2021, 10-13, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Biological Monitoring; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Chlorogenic Acid; Chromatography, Liquid; Coffee; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Principal Component Analysis; Sweat; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Theobromine; Theophylline	2021
Maternal caffeine intake and DNA methylation in newborn cord blood. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022, 02-09, Volume: 115, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Caffeine; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Fetal Blood; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Theobromine; Theophylline	2022
Caffeine, Paraxanthine, Theophylline, and Theobromine Content in Human Milk. Nutrients, 2022, May-25, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Theobromine; Theophylline	2022