1-5-dihydro-fad and 6-6--dibromoindigo

Tyrian purple, mainly composed of 6,6'-dibromoindigo (6BrIG), is an ancient dye extracted from sea snails and was recently demonstrated as a biocompatible semiconductor material. However, its synthesis remains limited due to uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways and the difficulty of regiospecific bromination. Here, we introduce an effective 6BrIG production strategy in Escherichia coli using tryptophan 6-halogenase SttH, tryptophanase TnaA and flavin-containing monooxygenase MaFMO. Since tryptophan halogenases are expressed in highly insoluble forms in E. coli, a flavin reductase (Fre) that regenerates FADH

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Cloning, Molecular; Coloring Agents; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; FMN Reductase; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genetic Vectors; Halogenation; Indigo Carmine; Indoles; Metabolic Engineering; Oxidoreductases; Oxygenases; Recombinant Proteins; Semiconductors; Stereoisomerism; Tryptophan; Tryptophanase