1-5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan and triethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate

Previous studies have shown that resin composites may cause persistent inflammation of oral or pulpal tissues as well as cell death through eluted substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the leaching of ingredients from commercial dental fissure sealers as well as their cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblast (HGF).. The sealers tested were: Helioseal(®) F, Helioseal(®) Refill, Fissurit(®) F, Grandio(®) Seal, Ultraseal XT(®) plus and Delton(®) FS. Ten discs of each sealer were respectively immersed in methanol or water and incubated at 37°C. The eluates were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at day 1, 3 and 7. In the XTT-test, eight discs of each fissure sealer were immersed into medium. The eluates of the respective sealer were mixed and used undiluted and diluted with medium. HGF were incubated with the dilutions at 37°C for 24h. Then XTT-salt was added and the XTT-formazan formation was quantified.. In eluates from polymerized sealers, comonomers (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)) and additives were found (e.g. camphorquinone (CQ), butylated hydroxytoluene, triphenylstibane). 7 d after the beginning of the experiments the highest amount of TEGDMA was found in the aqueous eluate from Grandio(®) Seal (9944.31 (2250.56) μmol/l). The most cytotoxic eluate found in the XTT-test was from Fissurit(®) F (EC50 value at 27.13 (7.04)%; (mean(SD)).. Because of the use of sealers in preventative dental medicine it should be taken into account that substances like TEGDMA or CQ, that are often causing allergic reactions, are elutable. Before using the sealers patients should be asked for allergic reactions to these substances.

Topics: Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; Camphor; Cell Line; Coloring Agents; Composite Resins; Culture Media; Fibroblasts; Formazans; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gingiva; Humans; Methacrylates; Methanol; Organometallic Compounds; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Solvents; Time Factors; Water

In order to test the hypothesis that released dental restorative materials can reach toxic levels in human oral tissues, the cytotoxicities of the resin-based dental (co)monomers hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethanedimethacrylate (UDMA), and bisglycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) compared with methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl) and the amalgam component mercuric chloride (HgCl2) were investigated on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) using two different test systems: (1) the modified XTT-test and (2) the modified H 33342 staining assay. The HGF were exposed to various concentrations of the test-substances in all test systems for 24 h. All tested (co)monomers and mercury compounds significantly (P<0.05) decreased the formazan formation in the XTT-test. EC50 values in the XTT assay were obtained as half-maximum-effect concentrations from fitted curves. Following EC50 values were found (mean [mmol/l]; s.e.m. in parentheses; n=12; * significantly different to HEMA): HEMA 11.530 (0.600); TEGDMA* 3.460 (0.200); UDMA* 0.106 (0.005); BisGMA* 0.087 (0.001); HgCl2* 0.013 (0.001); MeHgCl* 0.005 (0.001). Following relative toxicities were found: HEMA 1; TEGDMA 3; UDMA 109; BisGMA 133; HgCl2 887; MeHgCl 2306. A significant (P<0.05) increase of the toxicity of (co)monomers and mercurials was found in the XTT-test in the following order: HEMA < TEGDMA < UDMA < BisGMA < HgCl2 < MeHgCl. TEGDMA and MeHgCl induced mainly apoptotic cell death. HEMA, UDMA, BisGMA, and HgCl2 induced mainly necrotic cell death. The results of this study indicate that resin composite components have a lower toxicity than mercury from amalgam in HGF. HEMA, BisGMA, UDMA, and HgCl2 induced mainly necrosis, but it is rather unlikely that eluted substances (solely) can reach concentrations, which might induce necrotic cell death in the human physiological situation, indicating that other (additional) factors may be involved in the induction of tissue (pulp) inflammation effects after dental restauration.

Topics: Apoptosis; Benzimidazoles; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epoxy Compounds; Fibroblasts; Formazans; Gingiva; Mercuric Chloride; Mercury Compounds; Methacrylates; Methylmercury Compounds; Necrosis; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyurethanes