1-4-dichloro-2-butene and 3-4-dichloro-1-butene

Gas-phase photocatalysis of 1,4-dichlorobut-2-enes and 3,4-dichlorobut-1-ene (DCB) has been studied using TiO2 and 3% WO3/TiO2 supported on SiO2. DCB was found to oxidize efficiently over these catalysts; however, only low rates of CO2 formation were observed. With these chlorinated hydrocarbons, the catalysts were found to deactivate over time, probably via the formation of aldol condensation products of chloracetaldehyde, which is the predominant intermediate observed. The variation in rate and selectivity of the oxidation reactions with O2 concentration is reported and a mechanism is proposed. Using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the initial step for the DCB removal has been shown not to be a carbon bond cleavage but is likely to be hydroxyl radical addition to the carbon-carbon double bond.

Topics: Catalysis; Gases; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Oxidants, Photochemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Ozone; Photochemistry; Semiconductors; Titanium; Waste Disposal, Fluid

A sensitive selective method of unsaturated chlorated hydrocarbons detection by means of gas chromatography in skin was worked out. The limits are: for 3,4-dichlorobutene (DCB)-1-0.0024 mu g, for 1,3 DCB-2-0.0027 mu g, for 1,4-DCB-2 (cys)-0.0024 mu g, for 1,4-DCB-2 (trans)-0.0032 mu g, for 2,3,4 trichlorobutene (TCB)-1-0.0093 mu g in analysed volume. The method can be used for the sanitary control of the skin contamination in subjects exposed to DCB and TCB.

Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; In Vitro Techniques; Rubber; Skin; Swine

Topics: Animals; Chromosome Aberrations; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Lethal Dose 50; Liver; Male; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Mice; Rats; Time Factors; Water Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Female; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Kidney; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Rats; Time Factors