1,4-butanediol has been researched along with sodium oxybate in 50 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (6.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 33 (66.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 11 (22.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (6.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Furner, R; Liu, CC; Snead, OC | 1 |
| Barker, SA; Fish, FP; Liu, CC; Poldrugo, F; Settine, RL; Snead, OC | 1 |
| Poldrugo, F; Snead, OC | 1 |
| Quang, LS; Shannon, M | 1 |
| Hall, BJ; McCutcheon, JR; Peacock, EA; Smith, SW; Spillane, J; Zvosec, DL | 1 |
| Aks, SE; Mycyk, MB; Wilemon, C | 1 |
| Astier, A; Blanchet, B; Hulin, A; Morand, K | 1 |
| Desai, MC; Maher, TJ; Quang, LS; Shannon, MW; Woolf, AD | 1 |
| Carter, LP; Chen, W; Coop, A; Flores, LR; France, CP; Unzeitig, AW; Wu, H | 1 |
| Dimitrijevic, N; Manev, H; Satta, R | 1 |
| Shannon, MW; Tancredi, DN | 1 |
| Eckermann, KA; France, CP; Koek, W | 1 |
| Baker, LE; Poling, A; Pynnonen, D | 1 |
| Palmer, RB | 1 |
| Morris-Kukoski, CL | 1 |
| Authier, N; Coudoré, F; Eschalier, A; Faict, TW; Ling, B; Richard, D | 1 |
| Carter, LP; Chen, W; Coop, A; France, CP; Koek, W; Lamb, RJ; Wu, H | 1 |
| Caldicott, DG; Felgate, P; Strickland, RM | 1 |
| Chanprateep, S; Kulpreecha, S | 1 |
| Carter, LP; Coop, A; France, CP; Koek, W; Wu, H | 1 |
| Carter, LP; France, CP; Koek, W | 1 |
| Dyer, JE; Haller, CA; Jacob, P; Thai, D | 1 |
| Boje, KM; Fung, HL; Paganelli, M; Page, NA | 1 |
| Ariniemi, K; Kankaanpää, A; Liukkonen, R | 1 |
| Browne, G; Carpenter, K; Chan, OT; Doyle, E; Gilmore, S; Graudins, A; Gunja, N | 1 |
| Baker, LE; Iwamoto, K; Kueh, D; Poling, A | 1 |
| Ashraf, T; Clarke, S; Dargan, PI; Greene, SL; Holt, DW; Ramsey, J; Shather, Z; Trivedy, C; Warren-Gash, C; Wood, DM | 1 |
| Wax, PM; Wojtowicz, JM; Yarema, MC | 1 |
| Greter, J; Knudsen, K; Verdicchio, M | 1 |
| Baker, LE; Poling, A; Pynnonen, DM; Searcy, GD | 1 |
| Bulitta, JB; Fung, HL; Mi Fung, S; Page, NA; Soda, D; Tran, DC; Tsou, PS | 1 |
| Hicks, AR; Varner, KJ | 1 |
| Brown, PR; Gibson, KM; Goodwin, AK; Jakobs, C; Jansen, EE; Weerts, EM | 1 |
| Nizkorodov, S; Suchard, J; Wilkinson, S | 1 |
| Duketis, E; Holtmann, M; Maier, J; Poustka, F; Radeloff, D; Schirman, S; Wagner, A; Wöckel, L; Zepf, FD | 1 |
| Jaeger, MW; James, LP; Ortmann, LA; Schexnayder, SM | 1 |
| Kerrigan, S; Simons, KD; Stout, PA | 1 |
| Dahl, SR; Olsen, KM; Strand, DH | 1 |
| Mitcheson, L; Winstock, AR | 1 |
| Knudsen, K; Mégarbane, B; Schep, LJ; Slaughter, RJ; Vale, JA | 1 |
| Hasselstrøm, JB; Sørensen, LK | 1 |
| Maher, TJ; Phattanarudee, S; Towiwat, P | 1 |
| Gibson, KM; Goodwin, AK; Weerts, EM | 1 |
| Claridge, H; Corazza, O; Corkery, JM; Elliott, S; Goodair, C; Loi, B; Schifano, F | 1 |
| Bosch, OG; Seifritz, E | 1 |
| Cornez, R; Demarly, C; Hédouin, V; Le Garff, E; Mesli, V; Tournel, G | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Dempsey, DA; Gugelmann, H; Havel, C; Jacob, P; Liakoni, E; Wiegand, TJ | 1 |
| Fulde, S; McCrohon, J; Roberts, DM; Stefani, M | 1 |
| Andresen-Streichert, H; Büttner, A; Fischer, V; Kamphausen, T | 1 |
| Bargel, S; Bonnet, A; Boukerma, AK; Chevallier, C; Dufayet, L; Evrard, M; Guillotin, S; Loeuillet, E; Paradis, C; Pouget, AM; Reynoard, J; Vaucel, JA | 1 |
11 review(s) available for 1,4-butanediol and sodium oxybate
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, and 1,4-butanediol: a case report and review of the literature.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Butylene Glycols; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Humans; Lorazepam; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome | 2000 |
Gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol: abused analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Body Temperature Regulation; Butylene Glycols; GABA Modulators; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2004 |
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: bridging the clinical-analytical gap.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chromatography, Gas; GABA Modulators; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Abuse Detection | 2004 |
Withdrawal from gamma-hydroxybutyrate, 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone: a case report and systematic review.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Butylene Glycols; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Rhabdomyolysis; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2008 |
[Withdrawal syndrome after abuse of GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate) and its physiological precursors - its relevance for child and adolescent psychiatrists].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Butylene Glycols; Child; Critical Care; Delusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Interactions; Humans; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 2009 |
New recreational drugs and the primary care approach to patients who use them.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; Primary Health Care; Referral and Consultation; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders | 2012 |
The clinical toxicology of γ-hydroxybutyrate, γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Antidotes; Butylene Glycols; Charcoal; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tissue Distribution | 2012 |
Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD; BDO): A literature review with a focus on UK fatalities related to non-medical use.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Female; Humans; Male; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders; United Kingdom | 2015 |
The behavioural profile of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol in humans.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Humans; Sexual Behavior; Social Behavior; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2016 |
Fatal intoxication with 1,4-butanediol: Case report and comprehensive review of the literature.
Topics: Body Fluids; Butylene Glycols; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Oxybate | 2023 |
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD), and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) intoxication: A state-of-the-art review.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2023 |
2 trial(s) available for 1,4-butanediol and sodium oxybate
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Clinical pharmacology of 1,4-butanediol and gamma-hydroxybutyrate after oral 1,4-butanediol administration to healthy volunteers.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Butylene Glycols; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Half-Life; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Oximetry; Oxygen; Pharmacology, Clinical; Sodium Oxybate; Time Factors | 2007 |
Butanediol Conversion to Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Markedly Reduced by the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Blocker Fomepizole.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Butylene Glycols; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fomepizole; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Psychotropic Drugs; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Treatment Outcome | 2019 |
37 other study(ies) available for 1,4-butanediol and sodium oxybate
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
In vivo conversion of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 1,4-butanediol to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain. Studies using stable isotopes.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Butylene Glycols; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hydroxybutyrates; Kinetics; Lactones; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Oxybate | 1989 |
Identification and quantitation of 1,4-butanediol in mammalian tissues: an alternative biosynthetic pathway for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Butylene Glycols; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydroxybutyrates; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Oxybate | 1985 |
1,4 Butanediol, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and ethanol: relationships and interactions.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biotransformation; Brain; Butylene Glycols; Drug Interactions; Electroencephalography; Ethanol; Hydroxybutyrates; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Oxybate | 1984 |
Adverse events, including death, associated with the use of 1,4-butanediol.
Topics: Adult; Butylene Glycols; Dietary Supplements; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Male; Psychomotor Agitation; Pulmonary Edema; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Unconsciousness; Vomiting | 2001 |
Two cases of withdrawal from 1,4-Butanediol use.
Topics: Adult; Butylene Glycols; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Male; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2001 |
Capillary gas chromatographic determination of 1,4-butanediol and gamma-hydroxybutyrate in human plasma and urine.
Topics: Butylene Glycols; Chromatography, Gas; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate | 2002 |
Pretreatment of CD-1 mice with 4-methylpyrazole blocks toxicity from the gamma-hydroxybutyrate precursor, 1,4-butanediol.
Topics: Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Animals; Antidotes; Biotransformation; Butylene Glycols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fomepizole; Male; Mice; Postural Balance; Pyrazoles; Sodium Oxybate | 2002 |
The role of GABAB receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in rats: time course and antagonism studies.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food; GABA Agonists; GABA Modulators; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Kinetics; Male; Muscimol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, GABA-B; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reinforcement, Psychology; Sodium Oxybate | 2003 |
Drosophila metabolize 1,4-butanediol into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Butylene Glycols; Drosophila melanogaster; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Male; Sodium Oxybate; Time Factors | 2003 |
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 30-2003. A 21-year-old man with sudden alteration of mental status.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Butylene Glycols; Charcoal; Consciousness Disorders; Delirium; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Sodium Oxybate; Sweating | 2003 |
Chronic 1,4-butanediol treatment in rats: cross-tolerance to gamma-hydroxybutyrate and (+/-)-baclofen.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Butylene Glycols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Sodium Oxybate | 2004 |
Influence of reinforcer type and route of administration on gamma-hydroxybutyrate discrimination in rats.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Ethanol; Food; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement, Psychology; Sodium Oxybate; Solvents; Water | 2004 |
GC/MS profiling of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and precursors in various animal tissues using automatic solid-phase extraction. Preliminary investigations of its potential interest in postmortem interval determination.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animal Structures; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Calibration; Central Nervous System; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Male; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Solid Phase Extraction; Temperature; Time Factors | 2005 |
Discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in rats discriminating GHB from baclofen and diazepam.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Baclofen; Benzocycloheptenes; Benzylamines; Butylene Glycols; Diazepam; Discrimination, Psychological; Dithiothreitol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA Modulators; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate | 2005 |
Survival of massive gamma-hydroxybutyrate/1,4-butanediol overdose.
Topics: Adult; Butylene Glycols; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Respiratory Insufficiency; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate | 2005 |
Production and characterization of biodegradable terpolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) by Alcaligenes sp. A-04.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Butylene Glycols; Fructose; Industrial Microbiology; Pentanoic Acids; Polyesters; Sodium Oxybate | 2006 |
Discriminative stimulus effects of flumazenil: perceptual masking by baclofen, and lack of substitution with gamma-hydroxybutyrate and its precursors 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Baclofen; Benzocycloheptenes; Butylene Glycols; Columbidae; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA Modulators; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sodium Oxybate | 2006 |
Lack of effects of GHB precursors GBL and 1,4-BD following i.c.v. administration in rats.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Butylene Glycols; GABA Agonists; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate | 2006 |
An interactive lesson in acid/base and pro-drug chemistry using sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate and commercial test coasters.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Beverages; Butylene Glycols; Education, Pharmacy; Female; Humans; Male; Prodrugs; Reagent Strips; Sodium Oxybate | 2007 |
Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors in blood and urine samples: a salting-out approach.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Oxybate; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Substance Abuse Detection | 2007 |
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate poisoning from toy beads.
Topics: Australia; Butylene Glycols; Child; Child, Preschool; Consumer Product Safety; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Play and Playthings; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Unconsciousness | 2008 |
Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its metabolic precursors on delayed-matching-to-position performance in rats.
Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Conditioning, Operant; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Male; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate | 2008 |
Medical and legal confusion surrounding gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD).
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adult; Aged; Butylene Glycols; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders | 2008 |
High mortality rates among GHB abusers in Western Sweden.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Butylene Glycols; Cause of Death; Female; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Police; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance-Related Disorders; Sweden | 2008 |
Differentiating the discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and ethanol in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure in rats.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Baclofen; Benzocycloheptenes; Butylene Glycols; Discrimination, Psychological; Ethanol; Flunitrazepam; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA Modulators; Ketamine; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium Oxybate | 2008 |
Pharmacokinetics of 1,4-butanediol in rats: bioactivation to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, interaction with ethanol, and oral bioavailability.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Butylene Glycols; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate | 2008 |
Cardiovascular responses elicited by intragastric administration of BDL and GHB.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Butylene Glycols; Drug Administration Routes; Heart Rate; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Oxybate | 2008 |
Behavioral effects and pharmacokinetics of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) in baboons.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Area Under Curve; Behavior, Animal; Butylene Glycols; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food; GABA Modulators; Male; Motor Skills; Papio; Prodrugs; Reward; Sodium Oxybate; Substance-Related Disorders | 2009 |
1,4-Butanediol content of aqua dots children's craft toy beads.
Topics: Ataxia; Butylene Glycols; Calibration; Child; Coma; Consumer Product Safety; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycols; Humans; Pentanes; Play and Playthings; Seizures; Sodium Oxybate; Solubility; Vomiting | 2009 |
Coma in a 20-month-old child from an ingestion of a toy containing 1,4-butanediol, a precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
Topics: Butylene Glycols; Coma; Diagnosis, Differential; Eating; Follow-Up Studies; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Infant; Male; Oropharynx; Play and Playthings; Prodrugs; Sodium Oxybate; Suction | 2009 |
Quantitative analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate at endogenous concentrations in hair using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Chromatography, Liquid; Forensic Toxicology; Hair; Humans; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2010 |
Determination of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), pregabalin, 1,4-butane-diol (1,4BD) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) in whole blood and urine samples by UPLC-MSMS.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Pregabalin; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Oxybate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2012 |
A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of γ-hydroxybutyrate and its precursors in forensic whole blood.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Chromatography, Liquid; Citrates; Drug Stability; Fixatives; Forensic Toxicology; Humans; Limit of Detection; Oxalates; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium Fluoride; Sodium Oxybate; Solid Phase Extraction; Specimen Handling; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2012 |
Comparative study of equimolar doses of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) on catalepsy after acute and chronic administration.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Area Under Curve; Butylene Glycols; Catalepsy; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Sodium Oxybate; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Chronic | 2013 |
Physical dependence on gamma-hydroxybutrate (GHB) prodrug 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD): time course and severity of withdrawal in baboons.
Topics: Animals; Butylene Glycols; Conditioning, Operant; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Papio anubis; Prodrugs; Severity of Illness Index; Sodium Oxybate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors | 2013 |
Fatal Overdose of Gamma-hydroxybutyrate Acid After Ingestion of 1,4-Butanediol.
Topics: Adult; Butylene Glycols; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dronabinol; Drug Overdose; Ethanol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Sodium Oxybate; Vitreous Body | 2018 |
Transient accelerated idioventricular rhythm after 1,4-butanediol exposure.
Topics: Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm; Butylene Glycols; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Oxybate | 2020 |