Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Exercise-Induced Vocal Cord Dysfunction

A disorder characterized by an intermittent abnormal VOCAL CORDS movement toward the midline during inspiration or expiration resulting in upper AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION.

Synonyms(4)

Synonym
Exercise-Induced Vocal Cord Dysfunction
Vocal Cord Dysfunction
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder

Research Excerpts

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Timely diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), more recently termed "inducible laryngeal obstruction," is important because VCD is often misdiagnosed as asthma, resulting in delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment."( Hew, M; Hoy, R; Paddle, P; Richards, AL; Tay, TR, 2017)

Research

Studies (17)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's14 (82.35)28.8240
2020's3 (17.65)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
lactic acid0low10
aspirin0low10
guaifenesin0low10
apnea0low30
primidone0low10
mannitol0low10
durapatite0low10
helium0low10
heliox0low10
glycogen0low10
inositol 3-phosphate0low10
tamoxifen0low10
astaxanthine0low10
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal0low10
orabase0low10

Protein Targets (304)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Microtubule-associated protein tau3003
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
thioredoxin reductase2002
ATAD5 protein, partial1001
TDP1 protein2002
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha6006
arylsulfatase A3003
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 25005
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
D(1A) dopamine receptor3003
lamin isoform A-delta103003
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE2002
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain A, Phospholipase A2 isoform 30011
Chain A, HADH2 protein1001
Chain B, HADH2 protein1001
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase1001
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0011
ras protein, partial0011
interleukin 81001
GLS protein2002
AR protein5005
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A11001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 43003
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]3003
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 14004
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha5005
cytochrome P450 2D62002
glucocerebrosidase2002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
Rac1 protein0011
IDH12002
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0011
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 12002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30303
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Bile salt export pump0404
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 10303
Carbonic anhydrase 20303
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Integrin beta-32103
Myeloperoxidase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
Integrin alpha-IIb2103
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10404
Adenosine receptor A10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Substance-P receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Urotensin-2 receptor0101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12215
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Rho-associated protein kinase 20101
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10303
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10213
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10011
SMAD family member 22002
SMAD family member 32002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
farnesoid X nuclear receptor3003
flap endonuclease 12002
geminin3003
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 32002
acetylcholinesterase3003
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma2002
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
USP1 protein, partial4004
GLI family zinc finger 34004
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha3003
activating transcription factor 63003
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 12002
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
dopamine D1 receptor1001
pregnane X receptor1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
chromobox protein homolog 12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
DNA polymerase beta1001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease2002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
progesterone receptor2002
pregnane X nuclear receptor2002
G1001
caspase-32002
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a2002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
Histone H2A.x2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 22002
heat shock protein beta-12002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2114
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40404
Interferon beta2002
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22114
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0404
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32114
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22114
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60011
GABA theta subunit2114
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2114
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
Chain A, CES1 protein0101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
Fumarate hydratase1001
PPM1D protein1001
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
polyprotein1001
67.9K protein1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma1001
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor1001
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
Caspase-71001
Spike glycoprotein0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
interferon gamma precursor0001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
caspase-31001
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
streptokinase A precursor0011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Transmembrane protease serine 20011
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit1001
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D30101
Estrogen receptor0214
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase0011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Estrogen receptor0012
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Progesterone receptor0101
Procathepsin L0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10213
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 3A40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Replicase polyprotein 1a0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Adenosine receptor A30202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Steroid hormone receptor ERR10101
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Androgen receptor0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
Glutamate receptor 21001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
D(4) dopamine receptor0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Substance-P receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Adenosine receptor A2a0202
B2 bradykinin receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A10202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Melanocortin receptor 40202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Alpha-synuclein1001
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Protein kinase C iota type0101
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Histamine H2 receptor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Spike glycoprotein0011
Estrogen-related receptor gamma0101
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Phospholipase D1 0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C theta type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20202
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase0101
Phospholipase D10101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0213
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D10101
Estrogen receptor beta0012
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Estrogen receptor beta0213
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 51001
Ataxin-21001
Emopamil-binding protein-like0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0011
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase0112
Protein kinase C theta type0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]