Immersion Feet

A condition of the feet produced by prolonged exposure of the feet to water. Exposure for 48 hours or more to warm water causes tropical immersion foot or warm-water immersion foot common in Vietnam where troops were exposed to prolonged or repeated wading in paddy fields or streams. Trench foot results from prolonged exposure to cold, without actual freezing. It was common in trench warfare during World War I, when soldiers stood, sometimes for hours, in trenches with a few inches of cold water in them. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p27)

Synonyms(4)

Synonym
Trench Feet
Trench Foot
Immersion Foot
Immersion Feet

Research Excerpts

Overview

Excerpt	Reference
"Trench foot is considered to be a nonfreezing cold injury often complicated by infection, in which exposure to cold temperatures just above freezing, combined with moisture, results in a peripheral vasoneuropathy."	( Levell, NJ; Mistry, K; Ondhia, C, 2020)

Research

Studies (22)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	16 (72.73)	23.3326
1990's	1 (4.55)	12.5806
2000's	2 (9.09)	18.1394
2010's	0 (0.00)	28.8240
2020's	3 (13.64)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies
amlodipine	low	1
hexachlorophene	low	1
isoxsuprine	low	1
oxyphenbutazone	low	1
streptomycin	low	1
fibrinogen	low	1
borneo	low	1
cortisone	low	1
silicon	low	1

Protein Targets (277)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	2	0	0	2
acid sphingomyelinase	1	0	0	1
TDP1 protein	4	0	0	4
Smad3	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	3	0	0	3
G	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 2D6	3	0	0	3
IDH1	3	0	0	3
chromobox protein homolog 1	3	0	0	3
NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform a	0	1	0	1
NEDD8-conjugating enzyme Ubc12	0	1	0	1
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	3	0	0	3
geminin	4	0	0	4
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	2	0	0	2
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	1	0	1
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	0	1	1	2
Bile salt export pump	0	4	0	4
Interferon beta	3	0	0	3
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	3	0	0	3
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	2	0	2
Spike glycoprotein	3	0	0	3
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	0	1	0	1
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	3	0	0	3
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	1	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	3	0	0	3
pregnane X receptor	3	0	0	3
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	4	0	0	4
GLI family zinc finger 3	4	0	0	4
AR protein	4	0	0	4
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	3	0	0	3
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	3	0	0	3
progesterone receptor	4	0	0	4
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	4	0	0	4
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	4	0	0	4
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	3	0	0	3
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	3	0	0	3
pregnane X nuclear receptor	4	0	0	4
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	4	0	0	4
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	4	0	0	4
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	4	0	0	4
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	4	0	0	4
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	2	0	0	2
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	2	0	0	2
activating transcription factor 6	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	3	0	0	3
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	4	0	0	4
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	3	0	0	3
heat shock protein beta-1	4	0	0	4
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	4	0	0	4
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	2	0	0	2
Cellular tumor antigen p53	3	0	0	3
Glutamate receptor 2	2	0	0	2
Chain A, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain B, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
endonuclease IV	1	0	0	1
dopamine D1 receptor	1	0	0	1
thioredoxin reductase	2	0	0	2
GLS protein	1	0	0	1
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	3	0	0	3
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	1	0	0	1
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	2	0	0	2
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	4	0	0	4
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
flap endonuclease 1	2	0	0	2
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	3	0	0	3
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	1	0	0	1
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	3	0	0	3
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	2	0	2
Sex hormone-binding globulin	0	0	1	1
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	0	2
Corticosteroid-binding globulin	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	3	0	0	3
Glycine receptor subunit beta	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	3	0	0	3
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	3	0	0	3
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	0	0	1	1
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	3	0	0	3
GABA theta subunit	3	0	0	3
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	3	0	0	3
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	2	0	0	2
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	2	0	0	2
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	1	0	0	1
Chain A, Cruzipain	1	0	0	1
Luciferase	2	0	0	2
acetylcholinesterase	1	0	0	1
calpain II, partial	0	1	0	1
PAX8	0	0	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	2	0	0	2
SUMO-1	0	1	0	1
15-lipoxygenase, partial	1	0	0	1
Mcl-1	0	1	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	1	0	0	1
SMAD family member 2	2	0	0	2
ATAD5 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
USP1 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
SMAD family member 3	2	0	0	2
Microtubule-associated protein tau	2	0	0	2
Valosin-containing protein	0	1	0	1
TSHR protein	1	0	0	1
Estrogen receptor 1	0	1	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	1	0	0	1
PINK1	1	0	0	1
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
envelope glycoprotein	0	1	0	1
nonstructural protein 1	1	0	0	1
67.9K protein	1	0	0	1
Parkin	1	0	0	1
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein 90	0	0	1	1
heat shock 70kDa protein 1A	0	1	0	1
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	1	0	0	1
Histone H2A.x	1	0	0	1
Caspase-7	2	0	0	2
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	1	0	0	1
galactokinase	1	0	0	1
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
tumor necrosis factor	1	0	0	1
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12	1	0	0	1
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	2	0	0	2
neuropeptide Y receptor type 1	0	0	1	1
neuropeptide Y receptor type 2	0	0	1	1
small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 isoform b precursor	0	1	0	1
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	3	0	0	3
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	2	0	0	2
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	2	0	0	2
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
estrogen receptor beta isoform 1	0	1	0	1
huntingtin isoform 2	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase beta	1	0	0	1
enteropeptidase precursor	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	1	0	0	1
fatty acid synthase	0	1	0	1
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a	1	0	0	1
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 4	0	1	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	2	0	0	2
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 2	0	0	0	1
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	1	0	0	1
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 1	0	1	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	2	0	0	2
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 1	0	1	0	1
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	2	0	0	2
plasminogen precursor	2	0	0	2
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	2	0	0	2
Vpr	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22	1	0	0	1
4-(cytidine 5'-phospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erithritol kinase	1	0	0	1
replicative DNA helicase	0	0	0	1
recombinase A	0	0	1	1
streptokinase A precursor	0	0	1	1
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecD	0	1	0	1
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecB	0	1	0	1
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecC	0	1	0	1
POsterior Segregation	0	0	1	1
lethal factor (plasmid)	1	0	0	1
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 2	0	1	0	1
lamin isoform A-delta10	1	0	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	1	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	2	0	2
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	1	0	0	1
Epidermal growth factor receptor	0	1	0	1
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator	0	1	0	1
Tissue-type plasminogen activator	0	1	0	1
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	0	1	0	1
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor	0	0	1	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	0	1	0	1
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	1	0	1
60 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1a	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A3	0	2	0	2
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	1	0	1
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP	0	1	0	1
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	0	2	0	2
Androgen receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Substance-K receptor	0	2	0	2
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	0	1	1
Thromboxane-A synthase	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	1	0	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	2	0	2
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	2	0	2
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	1	0	1
Alpha-synuclein	1	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Histamine H2 receptor	1	0	0	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	1	0	0	1
Caspase-7	1	0	0	1
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Inositol monophosphatase 1	1	0	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	0	1	0	1
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase	0	1	0	1
60 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor beta	0	0	1	1
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D	0	1	0	1
10 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D	0	1	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	1	0	0	1
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	1	0	0	1
Ataxin-2	1	0	0	1
Zinc finger protein mex-5	0	0	1	1
phosphoglycerate kinase	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein 90, putative	0	0	0	1
M1-family alanyl aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
hypothetical protein CAALFM_CR05890CA	0	0	0	1
H3 histone acetyltransferase	0	0	0	1
BZLF2	0	1	0	1
large T antigen	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	1	0	0	1
Nrf2	1	0	0	1
Fumarate hydratase	1	0	0	1
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor	0	0	0	1
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	1	0	0	1
hypothetical protein, conserved	1	0	0	1
polyprotein	1	0	0	1
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase	0	1	0	1
caspase recruitment domain family, member 15	0	1	0	1
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	1	0	0	1
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform b	0	1	0	1
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	1	0	0	1
receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform 1	0	1	0	1
ras-related protein Rab-9A	1	0	0	1
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1	1	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	1	0	1
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	1	0	0	1
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Beta lactamase (plasmid)	0	1	0	1
Bile salt export pump	0	1	0	1
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]	0	0	0	1
Protein-arginine deiminase type-4	0	2	0	2
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

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