Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Immersion Feet

A condition of the feet produced by prolonged exposure of the feet to water. Exposure for 48 hours or more to warm water causes tropical immersion foot or warm-water immersion foot common in Vietnam where troops were exposed to prolonged or repeated wading in paddy fields or streams. Trench foot results from prolonged exposure to cold, without actual freezing. It was common in trench warfare during World War I, when soldiers stood, sometimes for hours, in trenches with a few inches of cold water in them. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p27)

Synonyms(4)

Synonym
Trench Feet
Trench Foot
Immersion Foot
Immersion Feet

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Trench foot is considered to be a nonfreezing cold injury often complicated by infection, in which exposure to cold temperatures just above freezing, combined with moisture, results in a peripheral vasoneuropathy."( Levell, NJ; Mistry, K; Ondhia, C, 2020)

Research

Studies (22)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199016 (72.73)23.3326
1990's1 (4.55)12.5806
2000's2 (9.09)18.1394
2010's0 (0.00)28.8240
2020's3 (13.64)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
amlodipine0low10
hexachlorophene0low10
isoxsuprine0low10
oxyphenbutazone0low10
streptomycin0low10
fibrinogen0low10
borneo0low10
cortisone0low10
silicon0low10

Protein Targets (277)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
acid sphingomyelinase1001
TDP1 protein4004
Smad33003
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 43003
G3003
cytochrome P450 2D63003
IDH13003
chromobox protein homolog 13003
NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform a0101
NEDD8-conjugating enzyme Ubc120101
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
geminin4004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 12002
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20112
Bile salt export pump0404
Interferon beta3003
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 3003
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0404
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0404
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Spike glycoprotein3003
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 13003
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial3003
pregnane X receptor3003
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma4004
GLI family zinc finger 34004
AR protein4004
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
progesterone receptor4004
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 14004
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha4004
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha3003
farnesoid X nuclear receptor3003
pregnane X nuclear receptor4004
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha4004
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta4004
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma4004
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor4004
aryl hydrocarbon receptor1001
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a2002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
activating transcription factor 62002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 23003
heat shock protein beta-14004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 14004
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Cellular tumor antigen p533003
Glutamate receptor 22002
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
endonuclease IV1001
dopamine D1 receptor1001
thioredoxin reductase2002
GLS protein1001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A13003
regulator of G-protein signaling 41001
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]2002
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 24004
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
flap endonuclease 12002
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 13003
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi3003
Glucocorticoid receptor0202
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-13003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta3003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-23003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-53003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-33003
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-13003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-23003
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-43003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-33003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-63003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-13003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-33003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-23003
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10011
TAR DNA-binding protein 433003
GABA theta subunit3003
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon3003
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE2002
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
Luciferase2002
acetylcholinesterase1001
calpain II, partial0101
PAX80001
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
SUMO-10101
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
Mcl-10101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
SMAD family member 22002
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
USP1 protein, partial2002
SMAD family member 32002
Microtubule-associated protein tau2002
Valosin-containing protein0101
TSHR protein1001
Estrogen receptor 10101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
PINK11001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
envelope glycoprotein0101
nonstructural protein 11001
67.9K protein1001
Parkin1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
heat shock protein 900011
heat shock 70kDa protein 1A0101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
Histone H2A.x1001
Caspase-72002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 11001
galactokinase1001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
tumor necrosis factor1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 12002
neuropeptide Y receptor type 10011
neuropeptide Y receptor type 20011
small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 isoform b precursor0101
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 22002
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
caspase-32002
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
huntingtin isoform 21001
DNA polymerase beta1001
enteropeptidase precursor1001
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
fatty acid synthase0101
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 40101
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK12002
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 10101
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 10101
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
Vpr1001
peripheral myelin protein 221001
4-(cytidine 5'-phospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erithritol kinase1001
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
streptokinase A precursor0011
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecD0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecB0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecC0101
POsterior Segregation0011
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 20101
lamin isoform A-delta101001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0101
Tissue-type plasminogen activator0101
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 10101
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Estrogen receptor0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Replicase polyprotein 1a0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Adenosine receptor A30202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP0101
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Androgen receptor0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Substance-K receptor0202
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0011
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Adenosine receptor A11001
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Alpha-synuclein1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Histamine H2 receptor1001
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
Caspase-71001
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
Estrogen receptor beta0011
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D0101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 51001
Ataxin-21001
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
M1-family alanyl aminopeptidase0101
hypothetical protein CAALFM_CR05890CA0001
H3 histone acetyltransferase0001
BZLF20101
large T antigen0101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
Nrf21001
Fumarate hydratase1001
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor0001
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
polyprotein1001
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase0101
caspase recruitment domain family, member 150101
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform b0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform 10101
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 11001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Beta lactamase (plasmid)0101
Bile salt export pump0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0001
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
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