Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Dystonia, Nocturnal, Paroxysmal

A parasomnia characterized by paroxysmal episodes of choreoathetotic, ballistic, dystonic movements, and semipurposeful activity. The episodes occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep and typically recur several times per night. (Neurology 1992 Jul;42(7 Suppl 6):61-67; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)

Synonyms(4)

Synonym
Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia
Sleep-Related Dystonia
Hypnogenic Paroxysmal Dystonia
Dystonia, Nocturnal, Paroxysmal

Research

Studies (16)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's1 (6.25)12.5806
2000's8 (50.00)18.1394
2010's6 (37.50)28.8240
2020's1 (6.25)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
gamma-aminobutyric acid0low10
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid0low10
benserazide0medium11
carbamazepine0medium62
clonazepam0low10
nifedipine0low10
glutamine0low10
levodopa0medium11
methionine0low10
isoleucine0low10
dronabinol0medium11
oxcarbazepine0medium42
s200980low10
lacosamide0medium11
humulene0medium11

Protein Targets (438)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
arylsulfatase A5005
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 28008
chromobox protein homolog 14004
flap endonuclease 13003
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Integrin beta-31102
Integrin alpha-IIb1102
Glutamate receptor 10224
Glutamate receptor 21225
Glutamate receptor 30224
Glutamate receptor 40224
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10202
Glutamate receptor 10112
Glutamate receptor 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0203
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20202
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 20213
Glutamate receptor 30202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30101
Glutamate receptor 40202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0203
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0203
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0203
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0203
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0203
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0203
Glutamate receptor 40101
Glutamate receptor 30101
thioredoxin reductase5005
GLS protein4004
regulator of G-protein signaling 43003
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
POsterior Segregation0011
Bile salt export pump0707
Genome polyprotein0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
Hexokinase-20101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase4004
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
acetylcholinesterase2002
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma3003
USP1 protein, partial3003
TDP1 protein4004
AR protein4004
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]4004
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 12002
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha3003
pregnane X nuclear receptor3003
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha4004
IDH12002
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a2002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
geminin5005
Vpr1001
lamin isoform A-delta103003
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30606
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40606
Bile salt export pump0202
Albumin0011
Major prion protein0011
Cellular tumor antigen p533003
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
Cytochrome P450 2B60011
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0203
Cytochrome P450 2J20202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20303
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0404
Frizzled-80011
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10606
P2X purinoceptor 40202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22316
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62305
Translocator protein0101
Translocator protein0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12316
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22316
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10303
GABA theta subunit2305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2305
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0303
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma2002
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 23003
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10001
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Cannabinoid receptor 10213
Cannabinoid receptor 10214
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Cannabinoid receptor 2 0214
D(3) dopamine receptor0011
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Cannabinoid receptor 20112
N-arachidonyl glycine receptor0011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Lysophosphatidylserine lipase ABHD120101
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Monoglyceride lipase0101
Ataxin-22002
Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD60101
Cannabinoid receptor 20202
G-protein coupled receptor 550112
Chain A, Ferritin light chain1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-30011
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
Hsf1 protein0011
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B2002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor4004
peripheral myelin protein 224004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Histone deacetylase 30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-10022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-20011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10011
Histone deacetylase 40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30011
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0001
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0001
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Histone deacetylase 10101
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10011
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0011
Histone deacetylase 70101
Histone deacetylase 20101
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
Histone deacetylase 80101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40011
Platelet glycoprotein VI0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10011
Histone deacetylase 60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10011
Histone deacetylase 90101
Histone deacetylase 50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein0011
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
Carbonic anhydrase 10103
Carbonic anhydrase 20103
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Amino acid transporter0101
GLI family zinc finger 33003
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10303
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 12002
Carbonic anhydrase 120102
Carbonic anhydrase 30102
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 40102
Carbonic anhydrase 60102
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0102
Carbonic anhydrase 70102
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 10101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0304
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0202
Carbonic anhydrase 90102
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Carbonic anhydrase 150102
Carbonic anhydrase 140102
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0102
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE2002
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Luciferase2002
dopamine D1 receptor1001
WRN1001
integrase, partial0101
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
phosphopantetheinyl transferase3003
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor2002
pyruvate kinase1001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
snurportin-11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 11001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
Polyphenol oxidase 20001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150202
Tyrosinase0101
Adenosine receptor A10001
Adenosine receptor A2a0102
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0001
SLC16A10 protein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Aminopeptidase0101
Chain A, Methionine aminopeptidase0101
S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase0101
Adenylate cyclase type 50001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-10001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-20001
Fatty acid synthase0101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
pregnane X receptor1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
Fumarate hydratase1001
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
Microtubule-associated protein tau2002
Thrombopoietin1001
Smad31001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A12002
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
progesterone receptor1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
nonstructural protein 12002
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha1001
farnesoid X nuclear receptor1001
G2002
cytochrome P450 2D62002
polyprotein1001
67.9K protein1001
Parkin1001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta1001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a1001
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)1001
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
tumor necrosis factor1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
perilipin-50101
perilipin-10101
heat shock protein beta-11001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a0101
survival motor neuron protein isoform d1001
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit1001
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20011
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Interferon beta2002
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 2002
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40001
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Cytochrome P450 3A40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50001
Adenosine receptor A30202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10001
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated0001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 0101
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Platelet-activating factor receptor0001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0303
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Adenosine receptor A10202
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 20202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Histamine H2 receptor1001
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
Spike glycoprotein2002
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10101
C-terminal-binding protein 11001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0202
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10001
Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10011
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0001
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 12002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20001
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial2002
GALC protein1001
polyadenylate-binding protein 10101
bcl-2-related protein A10101
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)1001
Melatonin receptor type 1A0213
Melatonin receptor type 1A0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0112
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]